ABSTRACT A fractional order mathematical model that already exists in the literature, was considered. This model was established to study the effects of medicinal treatment in people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The importance of this study is that the model evaluates, among other parameters, the density of healthy and HIV-infected CD4+ T cells. These data are very necessary for the subject infected by the virus given the effects that an antiretroviral treatment causes in it. The objective of this work is to consider several numerical schemes that involve fractional derivatives in order to compare their behaviors and to obtain a good approximation of the mentioned model solution. Convergence of these schemes will be studied as well as sensitivity with respect to the variation of the parameters η (drug efficacy) and α (fractional derivative order). Furthermore, through the collection of medical records of people living with HIV, it is intended to determine the optimal fractional derivative order for the model and to compare it with the classical model.

RESUMO Uma construção de reticulados usando ℤ submódulos de anéis de inteiros de corpos de números é apresentada. A construção produz versões rotacionadas dos reticulados laminados Λ n p a r a n = 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6, que são os reticulados mais densos nessas dimensões. A densidade de empacotamento esférico de um reticulado é uma função do seu raio de empacotamento, o qual por sua vez pode ser diretamente calculado a partir da norma quadrada mínima do reticulado. Normas em um reticulado realizado por um corpo de números totalmente real podem ser calculadas pela forma traço do corpo restrita ao seu anel de inteiros. Portanto, no presente trabalho, apresentamos também a forma traço do subcorpo real maximal de um corpo ciclotômico. Nosso foco é em corpos de números totalmente reais pois os reticulados associados a eles possuem diversidade máxima. Juntamente com a densidade de empacotamento, a característica de diversidade máxima é desejável em reticulados que são usados para transmissão de sinais que percorrem os canais gaussiano e de desvanecimento Rayleigh.

ABSTRACT A lattice construction using ℤ-submodules of rings of integers of number fields is presented. The construction yields rotated versions of the laminated lattices Λ n f o r n = 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6, which are the densest lattices in their respective dimensions. The sphere packing density of a lattice is a function of its packing radius, which in turn can be directly calculated from the minimum squared Euclidean norm of the lattice. Norms in a lattice that is realized by a totally real number field can be calculated by the trace form of the field restricted to its ring of integers. Thus, in the present work, we also present the trace form of the maximal real subfield of a cyclotomic field. Our focus is on totally real number fields since their associated lattices have full diversity. Along with high packing density, the full diversity feature is desirable in lattices that are used for signal transmission over both Gaussian and Rayleigh fading channels.