Abstract: I argue that the opening line of the Phaedrus proleptically encapsulates the major themes of the dialogue and that paying attention to the opening line enables us to strengthen the identification of psychagogy as the key unifying thread of the whole dialogue. In particular, I argue that the opening line foreshadows the quarrel between Lysias and Socrates over the practical guidance of Phaedrus’ soul; the prominence of friendship in the philosophical form of life; the pertinence of Socrates’ one-on-one, custom-built speeches, vis-à-vis the later conceptualization of rhetoric; the definition of the soul as a source of never-ending movement; as well as the origin (ἀρχή) and destiny (τέλος) of human souls, following the lines of the Palinode. Abstract particular life oneonone, oneonone one on one, one-on-one custombuilt custom built speeches visàvis vis à rhetoric neverending never ending movement ἀρχή (ἀρχή τέλος (τέλος souls Palinode

Summary OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the publications authored by plastic surgeons with those from other specialties’ surgeons on patient-reported outcomes of oncoplastic surgery. METHODS: A review was carried out on the Medline database, emcompassing five years (2015-2020). Studies about partial breast reconstruction after conservative treatment, immediate or delayed, by any technique, which presented patient-reported outcomes, were included. RESULTS: We found 292 articles, from which 142 met the eligibility criteria. Publications were stratified into groups 1 (plastic surgeons) and 2 (other surgical specialties), and also into groups A (only plastic surgeons), B (only other specialties) and C (both), and compared statistically. Most publications (60.6%) were attributed to specialties other than plastic surgery. Nineteen percent had only plastic surgeons as authors, 50% only other specialties’ surgeons, and 31% had both. There was no difference between groups regarding the impact factor of the journals in any of the stratifications, and the majority was published in journals with impact factor ≤2. CONCLUSION: In the last years, surgeons from specialties other than plastic surgery published more about the results of the oncoplastic surgery reported by the patients. There was no statistical difference between the groups regarding the impact factor of the journals.

RESUMO Introdução: Embora o tratamento do câncer de cabeça e pescoço tenha evoluído nos últimos anos, ainda é um desafio preservar e restaurar a simetria facial após o mesmo, comprometendo significativamente a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Em cirurgia reconstrutiva, o enxerto de gordura autóloga vem sendo usado para tratar defeitos de volume e de contorno. O objetivo é revisar os efeitos do enxerto de gordura em pacientes com radiodermite, devido ao tratamento radioterápico de câncer de cabeça e pescoço. Métodos: Revisão de literatura nas bases PubMed e SciELO, buscando estudos publicados nos últimos 20 anos nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa ou espanhola. Foram utilizados os descritores “adipose tissue”, “transplantation”, “neoplasms”, “head and neck neoplasms” e “radiotherapy”; e os termos não descritores “fat grafting”, “fat transplantation” e “fat graft”. Resultados: De 212 artigos encontrados, apenas 7 estavam em conformidade aos critérios de elegibilidade. Conclusão: A revisão sugere que a lipoenxertia em reconstrução oncológica de cabeça e pescoço é um tratamento seguro e permite otimizar os resultados estéticos e funcionais. Faltam estudos prospectivos para melhor definição de técnicas e de resultados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Although treatment of head and neck cancer has evolved in recent years, it is still a challenge to preserve and restore facial symmetry afterward; this fact significantly compromises the quality of life of patients. In reconstructive surgery, autologous fat grafting has been used to treat volume and contour defects. The objective is to review the effects of fat grafting in patients with radiodermatitis due to head and neck cancer radiotherapy treatment. Methods: Literature review in PubMed and SciELO databases, looking for studies published in the last 20 years in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. The descriptors “adipose tissue”, “transplantation”, “neoplasms”, “head and neck neoplasms” and “radiotherapy” and the non-descriptive terms “fat grafting”, “fat transplantation” and “fat graft” were used. Results: Of 212 articles found, only seven complied with the eligibility criteria. Conclusion: The review suggests that fat grafting in head and neck cancer reconstruction is a safe treatment and optimizes aesthetic and functional results. Prospective studies are lacking for a better definition of techniques and results.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da ventilação por pressão negativa intermitente (NPV) na função renal, estudamos vinte indivíduos voluntários normais (idade média de 29 ± 41 anos). A NPV foi obtida utilizando-se um respirador "Emerson Chest Respirator Pump" o qual foi ajustado para assegurar freqüência de 10 respirações por minuto com relação de tempo inspiratório e tempo respiratório total de 0,4 e pressão negativa de 25 cm de água. O protocolo experimental foi desenvolvido em 2 fases com duração de duas horas cada - fase de respiração espontânea e fase de respiração com NPV. No final de cada fase, foi medido o volume urinário e coletado sangue para as determinações bioquímicas. Durante a NPV houve um aumento significante do fluxo urinário (p<0,05) (1,42 ± 0,81 para 2,76 ± 1,95 ml/min), da natriurese (258 ± 201 para 389 ± 175 mcEq/min), da caliurese (61 ± 45 para 98 ± 49mcEq/min), da fração de excreção de sódio (1,38 ± 1,82 para 4,32 ± 1,24 ml/min) e do pH (7,37 ± 0,04 para 7,41 ± 0,07). Os clearances de creatinina e de água livre não se alteraram significativamente. Concluímos que a respiração com NPV aumenta o fluxo urinário, a caliurese e a natriurese, porém nossos dados não nos permite explicar a origem deste achados.

In order to analyze the effect of intermittent negative pressure ventilation (NPV) on renal function, we studied 20 healthy male volunteers (mean age 29±4.1 years). NPV was performed with an "Emerson Chest Respirator Pump", adjusted to a breathing frequency of 10 respirations per minute, with inspiratory time/total respiratory time ratio of 0.4 and negative pressure of 25 cmH2O. The experimental protocol was carried out in two phases of two hours each - spontaneous breathing and NPV breathing. At the end of each phase, urine volume of the whole period was collected as well as venous blood sample for biochemical determinations. During NPV there was significant increase (P<0.05) in urine flow rate (1.43±0.81 to 2.76±1.95 ml/min) as well as in natriuresis (258±201 to 389±175 mcEq/min), kaliuresis (61±45 to 98±49 mcEq/min), fractional sodium excretion (1.38±0.88 to 1.96±0.98%), osmolar clearance (3.13±1.82 to 4.32±1.24 ml/min) and pH (7.37± 0.04 to 7.41±0.07) with unchanged creatinine and free water clearances. We concluded that NPV increases urine flow rate, kaliuresis and natriuresis but the data we have do not allow us to explain the mechanisms underlying such a phenomenon.