Abstract This article discusses the geochemical and petrological evolution of the São José do Campestre granite complex (SJCgr), the last Neoarchean plutonic event so far described in the São José do Campestre massif in NE Brazil. We report field, petrographic, zircon U-Pb dating, and whole rock and mineral chemistry for representative SJCgr samples. Laser ablation zircon U-Pb data indicate that the granite emplacement took place at 2664 ± 13 Ma. The rocks comprising the SJCgr have relatively well-preserved primary textures and fabrics and compositions varying from gabbro to syenogranite. Major and trace element contents reveal a metaluminous, calc-alkaline through transitional to alkaline signature, and LILE- and LREE-enriched series analogous to late Archean sanukitoid and modern arc granitoid. The evolution of the SJCgr is envisaged as follows: (1st) partial melting of a metasomatized mantle (2.5–3.0 GPa, ~85–102 km, 1,000–1,200°C), generating a basaltic to basaltic andesitic magma; (2nd) fractional crystallization (FC) of olivine at mantle or lower crustal depth, leading to the parental magmas of the magmatic series; and (3rd) 40–15% FC of olivine gabbro-norite and olivine monzonite cumulates (400–600 MPa, 15–23 km). The SJCgr shares similarities with post-collisional granitoids and, thus, would represent the last Neoarchean episode of mantle-derived magma in Northeastern Brazil.

Abstract Orthogneisses associated with metavolcanosedimentary successions related to the 1000 - 920 Ma Cariris Velhos event occur mainly in a ca. 700 km-long sigmoidal-shaped belt that crosscuts the Transversal Zone of the Borborema Province and extends to the fold belts located in its southern or external zone (part of the Riacho do Pontal and Sergipano orogens). Despite its importance, the tectonic setting and the role of those rocks in the geological evolution of the Borborema Province are contentious and not yet well understood. New zircon U-Pb SHRIMP data on an augen-gneiss sill of the Afeição Suite intruding mica-schists mapped as part of the Santa Filomena Complex yielded a Concordia Age of 974 ± 11 Ma, indicating that at least part of the metasedimentary rocks in the internal zone of the Riacho do Pontal Orogen are Tonian or older and possibly related to the Cariris Velhos event. Hf-in-zircon isotope data are presented for the first time for Cariris Velhos-related ortho-derived rocks of the Afeição Suite. Analyzed samples yielded εHf(t) in a narrow range between -1.51 and +2.41, with associated TDMHf of 1.6-1.4 Ga, similar to previously obtained Nd isotope data with εNd(t) = -1.0 to +3.1 and TDMNd of 1.5-1.2 Ga. A possible scenario to explain both the geochemical features and the moderately juvenile to slightly evolved, near-chondritic Hf and Nd isotope signatures is a continental arc setting, where fractionated melts produced in the supra-subduction zone mantle wedge carrying a Tonian juvenile signature became contaminated with discrete amounts of Archean-Paleoproterozoic continental crust during ascent, producing Mesoproterozoic model ages which represent the mixture of those two end-members.

Abstract The Fazenda Bonfim emerald deposit lies within the Seridó Belt. It is a classic example of deposit formed through metasomatic interactions between Be-rich granite intrusions and Cr(± V)-rich mafic-ultramafic rocks. The setting of the emerald mineralization was built under strong strike-slip dynamics, which produced serpentinization and talcification of mafic-ultramafic host-rocks, and was followed by syn-kinematic emplacement of Be-rich albite granite, favoring hydrothermal/metasomatic processes. The structural control and lithological-contrast were fundamental to the fluid flow and the best ore-shoot geometry, developed in the S-foliation intra-plane at the contact zone (phlogopite hornfels) between mafic-ultramafic rocks and the albite granite. Subsequently, an albitization process, linked to the final-stage of magmatic crystallization, led to an overall mineralogical and chemical change of the albite granite. 207U-235Pb data revealed inheritance ages from Archean to Neoproterozoic and a crystallization age of 561 ± 4 Ma for albite granite. However, 40Ar/39Ar data revealed plateau age of 553 ± 4 Ma for phlogopite hornfels, interpreted as the closure time for the metasomatic event responsible for the nucleation and growth of emerald crystals. The short interval of time between U-Pb and Ar-Ar data indicates an intense, but not protracted, metasomatic history, probably due to low volume of intrusive magma.

RESUMO: Este trabalho analisa o registro do magmatismo alcalino potássico saturado-SiO 2 do Quartzo-Monzonito Castanhal e do Quartzo-Sienito Ladeira da Vovó. Essas rochas estão localizadas próximas à borda norte da Bacia do Amazonas. As amostras mostram valores K 2 O + 2 > Na 2 O e K 2 O/Na 2 O < 2, que confirmam o caráter alcalino potássico ou shoshonítico. O Quartzo Monzonito Castanhal contém menos de 20% de quartzo, o qual é também característico de rochas alcalinas potássicas, o que é confirmado nos diagramas geoquímicos. O Quartzo-Sienito Ladeira da Vovó foi alojado e retrabalhado em falhas lístricas, representantes da fase rifte da formação da Bacia do Amazonas, que causou sua proeminente textura granofírica (granófiro) provavelmente durante o período Toniano. Um grupo de 21 cristais de zircão foi extraído do hornblenda-quartzo-monzonito Castanhal e forneceu a idade média de 1872 ± 6 Ma (MSWD = 2,4), contudo um cristal adicional forneceu uma idade Transamazônica de 2062 ± 17 Ma. Essas rochas alcalino-potássicas de idade Orosiriana (1872 Ma) podem corresponder a um ambiente pós-colisional. Os valores negativos em εHft e as idades TDM Hf revelam grande contribuição de componentes crustais máficos Meso- a Neoarqueanos (2,95 - 2,66 Ga) e/ou componentes crustais félsicos Neoarquenos a Siderianos tardios (2,51 - 2,34 Ga).

ABSTRACT: This paper approaches the record of SiO2-saturated potassic alkaline magmatism of Castanhal Quartz Monzonite, Mapuera Suite, and Ladeira da Vovó Quartz Syenite. These samples are located near the Northern border of the Amazon Basin. Such rocks show K2O + 2 > Na2O and K2O/Na2O < 2 values that confirm the potassic or shoshonitic character of these rocks. The Castanhal Quartz Monzonite contains less than 20% volume of quartz, which is also a characteristic of the shoshonitic or SiO2-satured potassic alkaline A-type magma signature observed on geochemical plots. Listric faults, representing the rifting phase of Amazon Basin formation, emplaced and reworked Ladeira da Vovó Quartz Syenite, which caused its granophyric texture, probably during the Tonian period. A group of 21 zircon crystals was extracted from a hornblende quartz monzonite and yields an average age of 1872 ± 6 Ma (MSWD = 2.4). However, an additional zircon crystal yielded a Trans-Amazonian age of 2062 ± 17 Ma. These potassic alkaline rocks of Orosirian (1872 Ma) age may correspond to a post-collisional setting. Dominantly negative εHft values and Hf TDM ages reveal a large contribution of a mafic crustal component from Mesoarchean to Neoarchean age (2.95 - 2.66 Ga), and a felsic crustal component from Neoarchean to later Siderian ages (2.51 - 2.34 Ga).

RESUMO: O Cráton São Luís compreende uma área entre o nordeste do estado do Pará e o noroeste do Maranhão que expõe suítes graníticas e sequências metavolcanossedimentares do Paleoproterozoico. No leste dessa unidade geotectônica, a cerca de 70 km ao sul da cidade de São Luís, há uma porção do Cráton São Luís representada pela Suíte Intrusiva Rosário. Este trabalho foi focado em rochas dessa suíte, incluindo estudos petrográficos, litoquímicos e geocronológicos para compreender a evolução crustal dessas rochas granitoides. O espectro de rochas varia de composições tonalíticas, granodioríticas, quartzo dioríticas e graníticas, que mostram alterações estruturais e mineralógicas parciais relacionadas à deformação ao longo das zonas de cisalhamento transcorrentes. Os estudos geoquímicos demonstram a natureza granítica metaluminosa caracterizando a série calcioalcalina com afinidade de granitos tipo I, típicos de ambiente de arco magmático. Os elementos terras raras apresentam fracionamento acentuado e ligeiras anomalias de Eu positivas ou negativas (Eu/Eu* = 0,82 a 1,1). Datações pelo método U-Pb em zircão forneceram idades consistentes de 2165 ± 7 Ma, 2170 ± 7 Ma, 2170 ± 7 Ma, 2161 ± 4 Ma e 2175 ± 8 Ma que representam a idade de cristalização dos zircões e de colocação desses granitoides no Paleoproterozoico (Riaciano). Os dados isotópicos Sm-Nd forneceram idades modelo (TDM) de 2,21 a 2,31 Ga, que são muito próximas às idades de cristalização, com valores positivos de εNd = +1,9 a +3,2 (t = 2,17 Ga), indicando fonte crustal dominantemente do Riaciano para os magmas parentais, similares aos encontrados em outros domínios do Cráton São Luís. Os dados deste estudo, integrados às informações geológicas e geocronológicas da literatura, indicam a ocorrência de um importante evento de formação de crosta continental nessa área, por meio de múltiplo alojamento de plútons graníticos da série calcioalcalina. A evolução paleoproterozoica entre 2,17 e 2,15 Ga está relacionada com a orogenia transamazônica, e os granitoides da Suíte Rosário representam a fase principal de acresção na evolução de um arco magmático continental juvenil, que tem continuidade para outras partes do Cráton São Luís e correlação com a porção noroeste do Cráton Amazônico, onde se têm registros de arcos magmáticos acrescionários riacianos que se amalgamaram em terrenos arqueanos, associados à orogenia transamazônica.

ABSTRACT: The São Luís Cráton comprises an area between northeast Pará state and northwest Maranhão that exposes Paleoproterozoic granitic suites and meta-volcanosedimentary sequences. In the east of this geotectonic unit, about 70 km south of São Luís, there is a portion of the São Luís Craton, represented by the intrusive Rosario Suite (RS). This work is focused on rocks of this suite, including petrographic, lithochemical and geochronological studies to understand the crustal evolution of these granitoid rocks. The rock spectrum varies from tonalitic to granodioritic, quartz dioritic and granitic compositions, and there are partial structural and mineralogical changes related to deformation along transcurrent shear zones. The geochemical studies show granitic metaluminous compositions of the calc-alkaline series with I-type affinity typical of magmatic arc. Rare earth elements show marked fractionation and slight Eu positive or negative anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.82 to 1.1). Zircon U-Pb data provided consistent ages of 2165 ± 7 Ma, 2170 ± 7 Ma, 2170 ± 7 Ma, 2161 ± 4 Ma and 2175 ± 8 Ma, dating emplacement of these granitoids as Paleoproterozoic (Rhyacian). Sm-Nd isotopic data provided model ages (TDM) of 2.21 to 2.31 Ga with positive values of εNd +1.9 to +3.2 (t = 2.17 Ga), indicating predominantly Rhyacian crustal sources for the parental magmas, similar to those ones found in other areas of the São Luís Craton. The data, integrated with published geological and geochronological information, indicate the occurrence of an important continental crust formation event in this area. The Paleoproterozoic evolution between 2.17 and 2.15 Ga is related to the Transamazonian orogeny. The granitoids of the Rosario Suite represent the main phase of continental arc magmatism that has continuity in other parts of the São Luís Craton and can be correlated with Rhyacian accretionary magmatism in the northwestern portion of the Amazonian Craton that amalgamated Archean terrains during the Transamazonian orogeny.

RESUMO: O Pluton Bravo (no Estado da Paraíba) constitui um stock elipsoidal formado por monzo/sienogranitos porfiríticos, enclaves dioritos e zonas híbridas. Está intrudido em gnaisses migmatíticos paleoproterozoicos do Domínio Central da Província Borborema. Os sienogranitos são metaluminosos a levemente peraluminosos, e exibem altas razões de K2O/Na2O > 1,5 e FeOt/(FeOt + MgO) > 0,86. Os dioritos possuem alto conteúdo de Zr (> 1.134 ppm), TiO2 ~ 1,6% e Nb > (49 ppm). As razões (LaN/YbN)N estão entre 14 e 19,4, e (Eu/Eu*)N, entre 0,31 e 0,37. As rochas do Pluton Bravo são moderadamente fracionadas com picos em La, Zr e forte depressão em P, Ti e menor em Sr. Os dados plotam no campo discriminante de granitos pós-tectônicos/intraplaca. As estimativas de pressão (4,4 a 6,0 Kbar) baseadas no conteúdo de Alt em anfibólio sugerem posicionamento do pluton na crosta superior a média. A temperatura do liquidus de acordo com o conteúdo de Zr e SiO2 oscilou entre 847 e 893°C, e a de cristalização, calculada pelo par anfibólio-plagioclásio, entre 581 e 785°C. Exibem idades-modelo TDM = 2,35 a 2,18 e εNd (580 Ma) = -18,32 a -17,03. A idade U-Pb (LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb em zircão) indica cristalização ao redor de 581 ± 2 Ma. A relação entre a idade de cristalização (~ 580 Ma), as características químicas de granito tipo-A, idades-modelo Sm-Nd maiores que 2,1 Ga e a associação com regime tectônico transcorrente contrastam com outros granitos similares, porém ligeiramente mais novos (~ 570 Ma), que ocorrem nos Domínios Central, Rio Grande do Norte e no leste da Nigéria. Isso sugere que a transição do regime compressional para direcional/componente extensional precedeu no caso deste corpo evidenciando o caráter episódico e diacrônico da Orogênese Brasiliana. Conclui-se que o Pluton Bravo constitui um bom exemplo de magmatismo pós-colisional transalcalino no Domínio Central, que, com outros exemplos no Domínio Rio Grande do Norte e no leste da Nigéria, sugere um afinamento convectivo da litosfera subcontinental entre 580 e 570 Ma durante a consolidação do Supercontinente Gondwana.

ABSTRACT: The Bravo Pluton (State of Paraíba) is an ellipsoidal stock formed by porphyritic monzo/syenogranites, dioritic enclaves and their hybrid products. The granitic body is intruded in paleoproterozoic gneiss-migmatitic rocks of the Central Domain of the Borborema Province. The monzo/syenogranites are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous and exhibit high K2O/Na2O > 1.5 and FeOt/(FeOt + MgO) > 0.86. The diorites exhibit high contents of Zr (> 1,134 ppm), TiO2 ~ 1.6% and Nb > (49 ppm). (La/Yb)N is in between 14 and 19.4 and (Eu/Eu*)Nbetween 0.31 to 0.37. In the spiderdiagram, the data are moderately fractionated with peaks in La, Zr and strong negative anomalies in P, Ti and less in Sr. They plot in the field of post-tectonic/intraplate granites in the tectonic discriminant diagram, with some scattering. The estimated pressure (4.4 to 6.0 kbar) based on Alt content in amphibole suggest a range from the middle to the upper crust for the emplacement of the Bravo Pluton. The liquidus temperature according to Zr and SiO2 contents range from 847 to 893°C and for the crystallization, calculated by amphibole-plagioclase pairs range from 589-867°C. They show TDM model ages ranging from 2.35 to 2.18 and εNd(580 Ma) = -18.32 to -17.03. A crystallization age of 581 ± 2 Ma was obtained for the granite from LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb method in zircon. The relationship between the crystallization age (~ 580 Ma), A-type geochemical characteristics of the granitoids, Nd model-ages greater than 2.1 Ga and association with the strike-slip regime contrasts with other similar granitoids, furthermore, slight younger in age (~ 570 Ma), which occur in Central, Rio Grande do Norte Domains and in eastern Nigeria. In this sense, the transition of the compressional to the directional regime (with an extensional component) has occurred just before in the case of this body showing an episodic and diachronic character of the Brazilian orogeny. We conclude that Bravo Pluton constitutes a good example of trans-alkaline post-collisional magmatism within Central Domain which together with other examples from Rio Grande do Norte Domain and in eastern Nigeria suggest a convective thinning of subcontinental lithosphere between 580-570 Ma during amalgamation of Gondwana Supercontinent.

O evento mesoproterozoic K´Mudku (1490 - 1147 Ma) é representado por um cinturão de cisalhamento rúptil-dúctil que atravessa unidades paleoproterozóicas no sul do Escudo das Guyanas, centro-norte do craton Amazonas. Esse evento produziu milonitização e cataclasitos em baixo a alto grau metamórfico com geração localizada de magmatismo intraplaca. No Estado do Amazonas, magamatismo do tipo A cronologicamente associado ao K´mudku tem sido reportado pelos sienogranitos Samaúma e Pedra do Gavião. Entretanto, a relação espacial o evento K´Mudku e a geração de granitos do tipo A ainda não está esclarecida na região. O sienogranito Pedra do Gavião tem assinatura geoquímica alcalina de alto K2O, metaluminoso, tipo A reduzido e intraplaca a pós-colisional. Tem idade de cristalização U-Pb 1218 Ma e herança entre 1820 e 1720 Ma, que juntamente com os dados Sm-Nd, sugerem fusão de rochas do embasamento paleoproterozóico associadas à unidade regional Complexo Cauaburi (1810 - 1780 Ma). Esses dados demonstram que os efeitos do magmatismo do tipo A associado ao final da orogenia Grenvilliana-Sunsás, relatado principalmente na borda sudoeste do craton Amazonas, pode ser também estendido para a parte centro-norte do craton Amazonas. Provavelmente, os mecanismos de geração ou emplacamento de magmas do tipo A ocorreu com algum grau de envolvimento nos estágios tarde a pós do evento K´Mudku. Contudo, a concepção desse quadro tectônico ainda carece de mais informações geológicas e geofísicas. Portanto, esses novos dados devem instigar ao retorno dos trabalhos geológicos na região, bem como ao debate sobre a evolução tectônica e produção de granitos tipo A durante período Ectasiano-Steniano no centro-norte do craton Amazonas.

The Mesoproterozoic K'Mudku event (1490 - 1147 Ma) is represented by a britlle-ductile shear belt that cuts across the Paleoproterozoic units in the southernmost Guyana shield, central-north Amazon craton. This event produced mylonitization and cataclasites at low/medium- to high-grade metamorphic, and local within-plate magmatism. In the Amazonas State, Brazil, A-type magmatism chronologically associated to K'Mudku has been reported for the Pedra do Gavião and Samaúma syenogranites. However, the spatial relationship between K´Mudku event and A-type magma generation are not yet adequately clarified in the region. The Pedra do Gavião syenogranite is a high-K alkaline, metaluminous, reduced A-type granite with a post-collisional to within-plate geochemical signature. It has U-Pb zircons crystallization age of 1218 Ma and inherited zircons with ages between 1820 and 1720 Ma, which, together with the Sm-Nd data, suggest melting of Paleoproterozoic basement rocks of the Cauaburi Complex (1810 - 1780 Ma) regional unit. These data demonstrate that the effects of the A-type magmatism associated to the end of the Grenvillian-Sunsas orogeny, reported primarily in the southwestern margin of the Amazon craton, may also be extended for the central-northern part of the Amazon craton. Probably the generation or emplacement mechanisms of A-type magma occurred with some degree of involvement in the final stages of the K´Mudku event. However, this tectonic framework conception still needs more geological and geophysical investigations. Therefore, these news data should instigate to the return of geological research in the region, as well as to debate on the tectonic evolution and A-type granites production during the Ectasian-Stenian period in the central-north Amazon craton.