ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inflammation in the kidneys is crucial for promoting development and progression of this complication. Wnt member 5a (Wnt5a) and secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (Sfrp5) are proinflammatory proteins associated with insulin resistance and chronic low-grade adipose tissue inflammation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between serum Sfrp5 and Wnt5a concentrations and glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and CKD. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional, comparative and observational study in the Department of Endocrinology, Civil Hospital, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico. METHODS: Eighty individuals with chronic kidney disease were recruited. Their serum Sfrp5 and Wnt5a concentrations were quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. The statistical analysis consisted of the Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples and Spearman correlation, with statistical significance of P < 0.05. RESULTS: Serum Sfrp5 concentration continually increased through the stages of CKD progression, whereas serum Wnt5a concentration presented its highest levels in stage 3 CKD. Negative correlations between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum concentrations of Sfrp5 (r = -0434, P = 0.001) and Wnt5a (r = -0481, P = 0.001) were found. CONCLUSIONS: There were negative correlations between serum Sfrp5 and Wnt5a concentrations and eGFR at each stage of CKD, with higher levels in female patients. This phenomenon suggests that Sfrp5 and Wnt5a might be involved in development and evolution towards end-stage renal disease.

Abstract This paper presents a critical analysis of Jean-Marie Schaeffer’s conception of the aesthetic experience. The philosopher considers that aesthetics is a relational property and that it involves an interaction between cognitive and affective elements. Furthermore, he affirms that the affective implies both a hedonic calculation and an emotional implication. The main objective is to show three different levels in which affectivity defines, prefigures and conditions aesthetically oriented attention. Secondary, the various theories that Schaeffer uses to ground his own are pointed out, and it is argued that the accumulated experiences, especially the negative ones, constrain the range of potential aesthetic encounters.

Resumen El presente trabajo realiza un análisis crítico de la concepción de la experiencia estética de Jean-Marie Schaeffer. El filósofo considera que lo estético es una propiedad relacional y que supone una interacción entre elementos cognitivos y afectivos. Además, afirma que lo afectivo implica tanto un cálculo hedónico como una implicación emocional. El objetivo principal es mostrar tres niveles diferentes en los que la afectividad define, prefigura y condiciona la atención orientada estéticamente. Subsidiariamente, se señalan las diversas teorías a las que recurre Schaeffer para fundar la propia y se sostiene que las vivencias acumuladas, sobre todo las negativas, constriñen el abanico de potenciales encuentros estéticos.

In this paper we present geological evidence of secondary rain triggered lahar that affected the central coast of Ecuador in the last 2ky. Eight main ash units were described in the field and then physically and petrographically characterized in the laboratory. The units present four main kinds of deposits testifying different depositional processes and the palaeotopographic condition of these sectors of Ecuador. The deposits recognized on the field are associable with granular flows with a high amount of water that compared with similar cases in the world not exceed run-out of 40km. The lateral variation inside the deposits recognized, considering the thickness and the distance from the main Holocene volcanoes (>160km), allows us to relate with secondary rain-triggered lahars and not with primary lahars. The presence of fine-grained ash of mm to the cm-thick layer above a cm to meter thick sand to gravel layer point out that these deposits are linked with single events and not with a continuous river sedimentation process. These events were triggered by rain that remobilized distal fallout deposits linked with the last 2ka eruptive activities of the Ecuadorian volcanoes as Quilotoa, Cotopaxi and Guagua Pichincha. Several units were identified in the deposits studied, and particularly it is possible to observe in one of them lateral variations of the deposits that permit to localize the debris flow body related to the secondary rain triggered lahar. The body of the debris flow is present in the coastal sector comprise between Crucita and Jama and it shows a lateral change in lithofacies related to different palaeo topographic conditions. In conclusion, in this paper, we show how the formation of secondary rain triggered lahar can occur in the coastal sector of Ecuador principally near the main river but also in flat topographic condition. Moreover, the presence of human bones and porcelain fragments also confirms that in the past, these events strongly affected old civilizations. Different municipalities as Manta, Bahia, San Vincente, Canoa, and Jama are undoubtedly exposed today to this kind of hazard. Further researches must be focused on the evaluations of the lahar volumes that can affect the coastal area of Ecuador.

ABSTRACT In this work the electrosynthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) on Nitinol from solutions of sulfosuccinic acid (0,25 M) and pyrrole (0,25 M) was studied. The PPy was formed potentiostatically in solutions of pH 1 and 7. As far as we know, this is the first time that the electrodeposition of PPy is carried out in the presence of sulfosuccinic acid. The morphology of the films was studied by scanning electron microscopy images, observing the typical globular shape of PPy. The presence of S was also determined by X-ray dispersive energy (EDX), confirming that the dopant was incorporated into the polymer matrix. The films formed are very adherent and exhibit acceptable conductivity. In order to evaluate the corrosion behaviour, different electrochemical experiments were performed in Ringer's solution: measurement of open circuit potential, Tafel plots and linear sweep voltammetry. While both coatings improve the protection of the substrate, the films formed in pH 1 solution offer better results. The analysis of ions in solution by inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry confirms that the films are protective, preventing the release of Ni ions into the solution.

RESUMEN En este trabajo se estudió la electrosíntesis de polipirrol (PPy) sobre Nitinol a partir de soluciones de ácido sulfosuccínico (0,25 M) y pirrol (0,25 M). El PPy fue formado potenciostáticamente en soluciones de pH 1 y 7. Hasta donde tenemos conocimiento, es la primera vez que se realiza la electrodeposición de PPy en presencia de ácido sulfosuccinico. La morfología de las películas se estudió mediante imágenes de microscopia de barrido electrónico, observándose la típica forma globular del PPy. También se determinó, mediante energía dispersiva de rayos X (EDS), la presencia de S lo cual confirma que el dopante fue incorporado a la matriz polimérica. Las películas formadas son muy adherentes y presentan una conductividad aceptable. Para poder evaluar el comportamiento ante la corrosión se realizaron diferentes experiencias electroquímicas en solución de Ringer: medición del potencial de circuito abierto, diagramas de Tafel y voltametría de barrido lineal. Si bien ambos recubrimientos mejoran la protección del sustrato, las películas formadas en solución de pH 1 ofrecen mejores resultados. El análisis de iones en solución mediante espectrometría de emisión atómica de plasma acoplado inductivo confirma que las películas son protectoras, evitando la liberación de iones Ni en la solución.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os índices de risco de incêndios a partir de focos de calor e definir o mais eficiente para as condições do Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense, com base em dados meteorológicos e número de focos de calor. O trabalho consistiu na análise de correlação entre variáveis meteorológicas e a ocorrência dos focos de calor, bem como a comparação entre os índices de risco de incêndios: Angströn (B), Telicyn (I), Nesterov (G), Monte Alegre (FMA) e Monte Alegre Modificada (FMA+). Foram utilizados dados meteorológicos coletados às 14 horas na estação Climatológica Principal de Nhumirim e de focos de calor da passagem noturna do NOAA (12 e 15), no período de 1999 a 2008. A velocidade do vento e a umidade relativa do ar foram as variáveis meteorológicas que apresentaram maior correlação com a ocorrência de focos de calor. Para detecção de qualquer grau de risco de incêndio, a FMA, o G e a FMA+ foram os índices mais eficientes. Para a detecção de graus de risco de incêndio nas classes Muito alto e Alto, o G foi o mais eficiente, seguido da FMA. Considerando a alta probabilidade de acerto na detecção de riscos de incêndio em qualquer grau e também nas classes de Alto risco a mais, a FMA pode ser considerada a mais adequada para estimar o risco de ocorrência de incêndios para a sub-região da Nhecolândia.

The objective of this work was to compare the indices of fire risk from hotspots and define the most efficient for the conditions of South Pantanal of Mato Grosso, based on meteorological data and number of hotspots. The work consisted of correlation analysis between some meteorological variables and the occurrence of hotspots as well as the comparison between the fire risk indices of Angstron (B), Logarithmic index of Telicyn (I), Nesterov Index (G), Monte Alegre Index (FMA) and Modified Monte Alegre Index (FMA+). Meteorological data were collected at 14 hours in the Nhumirim climatological station and hotspots during night of the NOAA12 and NOAA15 from 1999 to 2008. The wind speed and relative humidity were the meteorological variables which best correlated with the occurrence of fire. To detect any degree of fire risk, the FMA, the G and FMA+ were the most efficient indices. For the detection of degrees of fire risk classes very high and high, the G was the most efficient, followed by the FMA. Considering the high probability of success in detecting fire risks in any degree and also in the class of the most high risk, the FMA can be deemed more appropriate for estimating the fire risk for Nhecolândia sub-region.

Introduction: Students may be tutors in clinical medicine and other areas. Objective: To evaluate the teaching abilities of students as tutors in a critical appraisal research course, during their internship. Material and Methods: Two groups were studied: G1 (n=5) was taught by a Professor and included group discussions, and G2 had four student tutors and engaged in sub-group discussions (n=10). The course lasted 40 hours and was conducted on the basis of resolving reading guide's in-house and referred discussion. Five instruments were applied: 1) critical reading including 108 items, 2) sub-group activities led by the professor, included 17 items, 3) student activities in sub-group discussions, with 18 items, 4) evaluation of the professor's qualitative characteristics by the students that included 8 items and 5) a self-evaluation of the student tutor consisting of 10 items. Instruments 1, 2 and 4 were evaluated before and after the course. Instrument 1 was graded by adding the correct answers and subtracting those that were incorrect; medians were recorded. Both groups were compared with Mann Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests, statistical weight and randomness. A Likert scale was also used with values ranging from 1 (minimum) to 4 (maximum), in instruments 2 to 5; the values were added and medians were used. Consistency was determined in instruments 1 to 4. Results: No significant differences were detected between both groups in critical reading before and after the interventions, although statistical weight did increase and randomness decreased in G2. Instruments 2, 3 and 4 (Cronbach's alpha > 0.75), reported adequate medians in almost all aspects; instrument 2 revealed almost maximum final results in G2. The tutors' affection for students increased. Discussion: Student tutors can develop complex teaching abilities and foster student learning. These strategies are underutilized in our milieu.

Introducción: Los alumnos pueden ser tutores en medicina en clínica u otras áreas. Objetivo: Evaluar las habilidades docentes de alumnos tutores en un curso de investigación por lectura crítica durante el internado de pregrado. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron dos grupos, G1 (n=5) con un profesor y discusión grupal y G2 con cuatro alumnos tutores y discusión subgrupal (n=10). El curso duró 40 horas, se desarrolló con resolución de guías de lectura en casa y la discusión referida. Se aplicaron cinco instrumentos: 1) lectura crítica con 108 reactivos, 2) actividades subgrupales del profesor con 17 reactivos, 3) actividades de los estudiantes en la discusión subgrupal con 18 reactivos, 4) evaluación de aspectos cualitativos por los estudiantes al tutor con 8 reactivos y 5) una autoevaluación del alumno tutor con 10 reactivos. Los instrumentos 1, 2 y 4 se evaluaron antes y después del curso. El instrumento 1 se calificó sumando las respuestas correctas y restando las incorrectas utilizando las medianas. Se compararon ambos grupos (U de Mann Whitney y Wilcoxon) el avance ponderal y el azar. Se utilizó una escala de Likert con valor de 1 (mínimo) al 4 (máximo) en los instrumentos 2 al 5; los valores se sumaron y se utilizaron medianas. Se determinó la consistencia en los instrumentos 1 al 4. Resultados: En la lectura crítica no se observaron cambios significativos entre ambos grupos antes y después de las intervenciones, pero se observó avance ponderal y disminución del azar en G2. Los instrumentos 2, 3, 4 (Alfa de Cronbach > 0.75) reportaron medianas adecuadas en casi todos los aspectos. En instrumento 2, resultados cercanos al máximo al final en G2. Los tutores incrementan el afecto por sus alumnos. Discusión: Alumnos tutores pueden desarrollar habilidades docentes complejas apoyando el aprendizaje en estudiantes. Estas estrategias están subutilizadas en nuestro medio.

In this paper, firstly, I propose to show the aspects that determine a polarity and a contrast between the beautiful and the sublime throughout the 18th century. Secondly, I will maintain that this constant tension did not mean an occlusion, contradiction, or overcoming of an aesthetic on the other. Finally, I will try to account of the ethical scope was acquiring the sublime, which suggests this notion as a spiritual-moral feeling of reunification and elevation beyond the boundaries of taste and the merely beautiful.

En el presente artículo me propongo, en primer lugar, exponer los aspectos que determinan una polaridad y un contraste entre lo bello y lo sublime a lo largo del siglo XVIII. En segundo lugar, mostrar que esa tensión constante no implicó una oclusión, contradicción, o superación de una estética respecto de otra. Por último, intentaré dar cuenta de los alcances éticos que fue adquiriendo lo sublime, lo cual permite pensar esta noción como un sentimiento espiritual-moral de reunificación y elevación que trasciende las fronteras del gusto y lo meramente bello.

Relações alométricas podem ser aplicadas na previsão da densidade ideal de árvores, nas avaliações de competição, nas inferências sobre a estabilidade, vitalidade e produtividade e na elaboração de modelos de crescimento florestal. Árvores em consórcio com forrageiras, os sistemas silvipastoris (SSP), são cada vez mais frequentes, considerando as vantagens do componente arbóreo para a pastagem e animais. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar por meio de regressão, as relações alométricas possíveis entre diâmetro a 1,3 m de altura (DAP), altura de copa (Ac), altura de fuste (Af) , altura total (At), diâmetro (Dc) e volume cilíndrico de copa (Vc) em um SSP com Pterodon emarginatus, como subsidio ao seu manejo. Os dados foram coletados na região de Nioaque - MS, em área de consórcio P. emarginatus x B. decumbens x bovinos de corte, no qual as árvores foram mantidas intactas durante as operações de desmatamento. Para a regressão, foram coletados aleatoriamente dados de 91 indivíduos adultos de variadas dimensões. Os modelos foram avaliados por análise de resíduos, significância dos coeficientes de regressão, coeficiente de determinação e erro padrão residual. O modelo potência de Stoffels foi o mais adequado para estimar a At f (DAP); a reta resultou nos melhores níveis de precisão para as estimativas de Ac f (At), Vc f (DAP) e Dc f (DAP); foram obtidos bons níveis de precisão para estimar Vc f (DAP; At) por meio de um dos modelos de Spurr [y = a + b . (DAP² . At)].

Allometric relations can be applied in the forecast of the ideal density of trees, competition evaluations, inferences about the stability, vitality and productivity and in the elaboration of forest growth models. Trees in consortium with forages, the silvopastoral systems (SSP), are very frequent nowadays, considering the advantages of the arboreal component for the pasture and animals. It support the present study with objective to evaluate, under the regression form, the possible relationships among diameter at breast height (DAP), crown height (Ac), stem height (Af), total height (At), diameter (Dc) and cylindrical volume of crown (Vc) in a SSP with Pterodon emarginatus, subsidizing their management. The data were collected in Nioaque - MS county, in a consortium area of P. emarginatus x B. decumbens x beef cattle, in which the trees were maintained intact during deforestation. For the regression, data of 91 adult trees of varied dimensions were randomly collected. The models were evaluate for graphical analysis of residues, significance of the regression coefficients, coefficient of determination and residual standard error. The Stoffels potential model was more appropriate for estimate At f (DAP); the straight line resulted on the betters levels to estimate Ac f (At), Vc f (DAP) e Dc f (DAP); good fitness to estimate Vc f (DAP; At) were obtained from one of Spurr model [y = a + b . (DAP² . At)].

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in cells as well as in exosomes in biological fluids such as milk. In mammary gland, most of the miRNAs studied have functions related to immunity and show alterations in their pattern of expression during lactation. In mastitis, the inflammatory response caused by Streptococcus uberis alters the expression of miRNAs that may regulate the innate immune system. These small RNAs are stable at room temperature and are resistant to repeated freeze/thaw cycles, acidic conditions and degradation by RNAse, making them resistant to industrial procedures. These properties mean that miRNAs could have multiple applications in veterinary medicine and biotechnology. Indeed, lactoglobulin-free milk has been produced in transgenic cows expressing specific miRNAs. Although plant and animal miRNAs have undergone independent evolutionary adaptation recent studies have demonstrated a cross-kingdom passage in which rice miRNA was isolated from human serum. This finding raises questions about the possible effect that miRNAs present in foods consumed by humans could have on human gene regulation. Further studies are needed before applying miRNA biotechnology to the milk industry. New discoveries and a greater knowledge of gene expression will lead to a better understanding of the role of miRNAs in physiology, nutrition and evolution.

Na pecuária bovina sustentável, tem sido utilizada a presença de árvores associada às pastagens. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de árvores de Sucupira - Branca (Pterodon emarginatus) em atributos físicos e químicos do solo e sobre a qualidade da forrageira em sistema silvipastoril. O estudo foi realizado no município de Nioaque-MS, Brasil. Em área ocupada com pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens sombreada predominantemente por Sucupira - Branca, foram escolhidas cinco árvores adultas representativas, no entorno das quais foram traçadas seis transectas locadas a ângulos de 60º entre uma e outra. Em intervalos de cinco metros ao longo dessas transectas foram centradas as parcelas de amostragem até 30 m de distância, coletando-se aí amostras de serrapilheira, da gramínea e do solo. Para a forragem, analisou-se: proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS). Para o solo, os atributos estudados foram: densidade do solo, macroporosidade, microporosidade, porosidade total, resistência à penetração, teores trocáveis de magnésio e potássio. Os dados foram submetidos a análises de regressões simples e de correlação. Concluiu-se que: a matéria orgânica da serrapilheira interfere de forma positiva nos atributos físicos do solo, melhorando sua qualidade estrutural; a presença das árvores interfere no valor nutritivo do capim-braquiária, possibilitando aumento dos teores de PB e FDN e reduzindo a DIVMS.

Sustainable cattle beef production has been associated with woody trees species in grassland area. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of Sucupira Branca trees (Pterodon emarginatus) in physical and chemical properties of soil and on the quality of forage in Silvipastoral Systems. The study was carried out in Nioaque-MS, Brazil. In areas occupied with grassland of Brachiaria decumbens , predominantly shaded by trees of Sucupira - Branca, five adult trees had been chosen, in the surroundings of which were drawn six transects leased to angles of 60º between each other. At intervals of five meters along these transects were centralized sampling plots 30 m away, collecting samples from around litter, grass and soil. Forage was analyzed for crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). For the soil the studied attributes were: bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, penetration resistance, levels of exchangeable magnesium and potassium. The data were analyzed by simple regressions and correlation. It was concluded that: the organic material in the litter affects positively the physical attributes of soil, improving structural quality; and the presence of trees affects the nutritional value of grass, allowing increased levels of CP and NDF and reducing IVDMD.

Corymbia citriodora, o eucalipto cheiroso, é uma das espécies mais cultivadas para extração de óleo essencial. A produção de mudas, no entanto, é mais difícil do que para outras espécies, considerando o seu menor crescimento, maior susceptibilidade a doenças e necessidades nutricionais. Para a adubação de cobertura, especialmente, ainda não se dispõe de rotina que garanta economia de fertilizantes e bom desenvolvimento das plântulas. O lento crescimento das mudas reduz a sua capacidade de reter nutrientes antes que lixiviem e, uma das alternativas pode ser a adição de polímeros hidrorretentores ao substrato que possam contribuir para a absorção dos fertilizantes aplicados e sua lenta liberação em tubetes. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de doses de adubação, aplicadas em substratos contendo polímeros hidrorretentores, no crescimento de mudas de Corymbia citriodora. Um tratamento controle, com o substrato e adubação de rotina de um viveiro comercial, mais cinco, variando de 80% a 20% da dose comercial em cobertura, mais a adição de polímero (6 g L-1), em quatro repetições, compuseram um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Aos 126 dias foram avaliadas a altura, o diâmetro de colo e a razão altura/diâmetro de colo das mudas. Após análises, concluiu-se que houve efeito positivo para altura, diâmetro de colo e razão altura da parte aérea/diâmetro de colo, com uso de polímero hidrorretentor e, que o uso do polímero promoveu a redução em pelo menos 20% da adubação rotineira utilizada pelo viveiro comercial, tanto na adubação de base como na de cobertura.

Corymbia citriodora, also known as lemon eucalyptus, is one of the most cultivated species for extraction of essential oils. Seedling production for this species, however, is more difficult than for other species, considering its slower growth, higher susceptibility to disease and nutrition requirements. As regards top dressing in particular, no established routine is available so far to ensure fertilizer savings and good seedling development. Slow growth reduces seedling capability to absorb nutrients before leaching starts, and a potential alternative to that is to add water-retaining polymers to the substrate so as to facilitate absorption of the fertilizers applied and their slow release in seedling tubes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different fertilizer dosages, as applied to substrates containing water-retaining polymers, on the growth of Corymbia citriodora seedlings. A completely randomized design was used, with four replicates, consisting of a control treatment with routine substrate and fertilizer used by a commercial nursery, plus five treatments with top dressing dosages ranging from 80% to 20% of commercial dosage plus addition of a polymer (6 g L-1). After 126 days, seedlings were evaluated for height, stem base diameter and ratio of height to stem base diameter. After analysis, it was concluded that the use of a water-retaining polymer had a positive effect on the height, stem base diameter and ratio of shoot height to stem base diameter, and that it helped reduce by at least 20% the amount of routine fertilizer used by the commercial nursery, whether basic fertilizer or top dressing.

A deficiência de boro ocorre de forma generalizada nos solos brasileiros, embora se manifeste mais pronunciadamente em áreas de cerrado, particularmente em solos arenosos com baixo teor de matéria orgânica e com ocorrência sazonal de déficit hídrico. Entre as espécies mais suscetíveis encontra-se Corymbia citriodora, que pode sofrer a seca de ponteiros e alterações no crescimento. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de doses de boro sobre o crescimento inicial em altura e diâmetro de plantas de Corymbia citriodora, nas épocas seca e chuvosa em condições de campo no Mato Grosso do Sul, foram aplicadas diferentes doses (0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8 g de boro/planta), a lanço sob as projeções das copas, em dois experimentos em blocos casualizados instalados sobre Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico, no município de Ponta Porã, Mato Grosso do Sul. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os tratamentos aplicados para crescimento em altura e diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) até aos 29 meses de idade quando aplicados no início da época seca. Porém, quando aplicados no início do período chuvoso, a avaliação feita aos 29 meses demonstrou diferença significativa entre a testemunha (zero de boro) e a maior dose 0,8 g de boro/planta, as quais apresentaram os menores crescimentos.

La carence en bore est largement présente dans les sols du Brésil, bien qu'elle semble plus prononcée dans les zones de «cerrado», en particulier dans les sols sablonneux pauvres en matière organique et avec la présence saisonnière d'un déficit hydrique. Parmi les espèces plus sensibles c'est le Corymbia citriodora, qui peut subir la sécheresse des pointes des branches (dieback) et des changements de croissance. Dans le but d'évaluer l'effet de doses du bore sur la croissance initiale quant à la hauteur et au diamètre de plantes de Corymbia citriodora en saison sèche et pluvieuse, dans les champs à Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brésil, ont été appliquées différentes doses (0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8 g de boro/arbre), sous le houppier desarbres, dans deux expériences en blocs aléatoires complets installés sur Latosol Rouge Dystrophique, dans la régionde Ponta Porã - MS. On n'a pas trouvé de différence significative entre les traitements pour la croissance en hauteur et pour le diamètre à la hauteur de la poitrine (DHP) jusqu'à 29 mois quand le bore a été appliqué en début de la saison sèche. Cependant, quand il a été appliqué au début de la période pluvieuse, l'évaluation faite à 29 mois a affiché une différence significative entre le témoin (zéro du bore) et la plus haute dose (0,8 g de bore/arbre) lesquelles ont présenté les plus petites croissances.

The boron deficiency happens in a widespread way in the Brazilian soils, although it is more pronounced in the "cerrado", mainly in sandy soils with low levels of organic matter and with seasonal occurrence of water deficit. Corymbia citriodora, being one of the most susceptible species to this deficiency, can suffer the tip dryback and growth alterations. With the objective of evaluating the effect of boron doses on the initial height and diameter growth of plants of Corymbia citriodora, in the dry and rainy seasons, in field conditions in Mato Grosso do Sul state (MS), Brazil, different doses (0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8 g of boron/tree) were applied under the canopy projections, in two completely randomized plots installed on Dystrophic Red Latosol, at Ponta Porã county - MS. Until the age of 29 months significant difference for growth in height and diameter to the breast height (DBH) was not found between the treatments when they were applied in the beginning of the drought season. However, when applied in the beginning of the rainy period, the evaluation made at the 29 months displayed significant difference between the witness (boron zero) and the highest dose (0.8 g of boron/tree), which presented the smallest growths.