Resumo: O estudo objetiva desenvolver e testar um modelo que enfatiza o relacionamento da intenção empreendedora e capacidade gerencial no desempenho de propriedades leiteiras. O artigo também examina o efeito do desempenho atual na expectativa de desempenho futuro e no planejamento sucessório das fazendas. A amostra consistiu em 158 produtores de leite do Paraná e do Rio Grande do Sul, realizada em 2017. Para validar o modelo e testar as hipóteses, utilizou-se o procedimento estatístico Path Analysis (Análise de Caminhos). Os resultados mostram que, entre as dimensões da orientação empreendedora, a inovatividade tem mais impacto no desempenho e na capacidade gerencial. A capacidade gerencial não é significativamente relacionada ao desempenho atual das fazendas leiteiras, mas sim à expectativa de desempenho, que, por sua vez, tem impacto significativo no planejamento sucessório das fazendas. A idade dos agricultores modera as relações, especialmente, entre inovatividade, proatividade e capacidade gerencial no desempenho das fazendas.

Abstract: The main objective of the study is to develop and test a model that emphasizes the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and managerial capacity (MC) to the performance of dairy farms. This article also examines the effect of these variables on performance expectations as well as the succession planning of farms. Cross-sectional data were collected out of a sample of 158 dairy farmers in 2017 in Brazil. A path analysis approach has been applied to validate the hypothesized model. Results show that between EO dimensions, innovativity has the greatest impact on performance as well as on MC. MC is not significantly related to the current performance on dairy farms, but it is so to the performance expectation, which in turn has an impact on the succession planning of farms. The age of the farmers moderates the relations hypothesized in the model, especially between innovativity, proactivity, and MC in the farms’ performance.

ABSTRACT We aimed to evaluate the impact of milking management practices on milk quality though somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC). By means of a survey that included farmers associated to two cooperatives, namely Cosulati in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and Castrolanda in the state of Paraná, the hypothesis that milking handling practices impact SCC and TBC levels negatively, regardless of the technological development level of the farm, was analyzed. For such, the quantile regression method was used to estimate models for the 10th, 50th, and 90th quantiles. The results confirmed that SCC and TBC levels decrease as the number of practices increases. However, only three practices impact SCC and TBC levels significantly, and their impact is not related to the farm technological level, according to tests performed by quantile regression. Finally, the study showed that some milk quality and management practices affect somatic cell count and total bacterial count more than others, which consists of using the correct active principle during dry cattle, post-dip, and the water temperature control periods.

RESUMO O Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é responsável por consideráveis perdas na pecuária brasileira. O controle desse parasita tem sido feito, principalmente, com o uso de carrapaticidas, sendo os isoterápicos uma alternativa para seu combate. Objetivou-se neste trabalho analisar a eficiência da utilização da isopatia como ferramenta de controle alternativo do carrapato-do-boi. Foram utilizadas 18 fêmeas bovinas de raça europeia, mantidas em sistema de pecuária extensiva, no município de Canguçu, Rio Grande do Sul. Os animais foram divididos em grupo controle (Lote A) e grupo tratado com isoterápico (Lote B). O sal mineral foi utilizado como veículo para a administração da isopatia, sendo que o Lote A recebeu sal mineral com placebo (açúcar) e o Lote B sal mineral com isopatia. Os animais foram infestados artificialmente com 10 mil larvas deR. (B.) microplus , e no 20º, 21º e 22º dias pós-infestação, foram realizadas contagem e coleta de fêmeas ingurgitadas. As teleóginas de cada lote foram divididas ao acaso em nove grupos de dez indivíduos para análise dos parâmetros biológicos e posterior cálculo do Índice Nutricional e Índice de Eficácia Reprodutiva. Para comparação da média de teleóginas de cada grupo, foi empregada análise de variância e Teste LSD. Os bovinos tratados com isopatia apresentaram uma redução de 53,4% do número médio de teleóginas, quando comparados com o grupo não tratado (p = 0,001). Quanto aos padrões biológicos, não houve diferença estatística. Conclui-se que o uso de isopatia foi capaz de reduzir a infestação de R.(B.) microplus , mostrando-se uma alternativa promissora para o controle deste ixodídeo.

ABSTRACT The Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)microplus is responsible for considerable losses in Brazilian cattle. The control of such parasites has been done mainly with the use of acaricides, and the isopathy is an alternative. The objective of this work is to analyze the efficiency of the use of isopathy as an alternative tool to control the cattle tick. We used 18 cows of the European race, kept in extensive livestock system in the municipality of Canguçu, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The animals were divided into control group (Lot A) and group treated with isopathy (Lot B). Mineral salt was used as a vehicle for the administration of isopathy, Lot A received mineral salt with placebo (sugar) and Lot B received mineral salt with isopathy. The animals were artificially infested with 10 thousan larvae of R. (B.)microplus , and in the days 20, 21 and 22 post-infestation engorged females were counted and collected. The ticks from each batch were randomly divided into nine groups of ten subjects each for analysis of biological parameters and subsequent calculation of the Nutritional Index and the Effectiveness Reproductive Index. For comparison of average engorged females from each group were employed ANOVA and LSD Test. The animals treated with isopathy showed a 53.4% reduction in the average number of ticks when compared with the untreated group (p = 0.001). As for biological standards, there was no statistical difference. It is concluded that the use of isopathy was able to reduce infestation of R. (B.)microplus , showing up as a promising alternative to control this ticks.