ABSTRACT Two new species of Sundarion Kirkaldy, 1904 - Sundarion flavopiceum sp. nov. (from Brazil, state of Pará, Serra Norte) and Sundarion marmoratum sp. nov. (from French Guiana, Montagne des Chevaux) - are described. The first species differs from S. flavum (Fairmaire, 1846) in having smaller supra-humeral horns, and being dark brown with a large yellow spot on each side of the posterior process. In this aspect, it resembles Alcmeone picea (Fairmaire, 1846). The second species is similar to S. flavum except for being variegate yellowish-brown. Taxonomic comments are provided for S. notabile Souza & Rothéa, 2005, which was previously known only from males, and for S. compressicornis (Fairmaire, 1846) comb. nov., originally described in Hemiptycha Germar, 1833 and latter transferred to Hemikyptha Metcalf, 1927. New geographical distribution records are provided for both species.

Foram examinados 1.069 indivíduos de 13 espécies de membracídeos coletados em suas plantas hospedeiras, entre agosto de 2004 e setembro de 2005, em uma região do semi-árido da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Enchenopa concolor (Fairmaire, 1846) (31,6%) e E. euniceae Creão-Duarte & Rothéa, 2006 (24,8%) foram as espécies mais abundantes. Cinco famílias de plantas hospedeiras abrigaram esses insetos. Entre essas famílias, Fabaceae apresentou maior riqueza (12) e abundância (70,3%) de membracídeos. Darnis olivacea Fabricius, 1803, Hygris beckeri Sakakibara, 1998 e Sundarion flavum (Fairmaire, 1846) apresentaram os maiores valores de amplitude de nicho. Entre as espécies mais abundantes, E. minuta Creão-Duarte & Rothéa, 2006 e Micrutalis binaria (Faimaire, 1846) mostraram a maior sobreposição de nicho trófico, mas a sobreposição temporal entre elas foi relativamente baixa. Os resultados revelaram possíveis estratégias desenvolvidas pelas espécies para coexistência e exploração de recursos na Caatinga.

We examined 1,069 individuals of 13 species of membracids collected on their host plants, between August 2004 and September 2005, in a semi-arid region, State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. Enchenopa concolor (Fairmaire, 1846) (31.6%) and E. euniceae Creão-Duarte & Rothéa, 2006 (24.8%) were the most abundant species. Five families of host plants harbored these insects. Amongst these families, Fabaceae showed the highest richness (12) and abundance (70.3%) of membracids. Darnis olivacea Fabricius, 1803, Hygris beckeri Sakakibara, 1998 and Sundarion flavum (Fairmaire, 1846) showed the highest values of niche breadth. Amongst the most abundant species, E. minuta Creão-Duarte & Rothéa, 2006 and Micrutalis binaria (Faimaire, 1846) showed the highest trophic niche overlap, but the temporal overlap between them was relatively low. The results revealed possible strategies developed by the species for coexistence and utilization of resources in Caatinga.

Pyranthe acaciae Berg, 1883 e Hemiptycha chilensis Spinola, 1852 são revalidadas em Sundarion Kirkaldy, 1904 (anteriormente colocadas em sinonímia de Callicentrus bonasia (Fabricius, 1775) (Centrotinae, Nessorhinini)). Pyranthe frustratoria Berg, 1883 (também considerada anteriormente como sinônimo de Callicentrus bonasia) torna-se um novo sinônimo de Sundarion flavomarginatum (Fairmaire, 1846).

Pyranthe acaciae Berg, 1883 and Hemiptycha chilensis Spinola, 1852 are reinstated in Sundarion Kirkaldy, 1904 (formerly in synonymy of Callicentrus bonasia (Fabricius, 1775) (Centrotinae, Nessorhinini)). Pyranthe frustratoria Berg, 1883 (also formerly considered as synonym of Callicentrus bonasia) becomes a new synonym of Sundarion flavomarginatum (Fairmaire, 1846).

O gênero Lophyraspis e as seguintes espécies, juntamente com algumas mudanças nomenclaturais, são tratados: Lophyraspis Stål, 1869 = Gerridius Fowler, 1896 syn. rest.; Lophyraspis muscaria (Fabricius, 1803) = Gerridius scutellatus Fowler, 1896 syn. nov. = Gerridius abbreviatus Baker, 1907 syn. nov.; Lophyraspis pygmaea (Fabricius, 1803); Lophyraspis scutellata (Fabricius, 1803) = L. cristata Stål, 1869 syn. nov. = L. armata Haviland, 1925 syn. nov.; Lophyraspis spinosa (Funkhouser, 1930) comb. nov. (anteriormente em Mina Walker, 1858); Lophyraspis fenestrata sp. nov. (Brasil, Amazonas); Lophyraspis diminuta sp. nov. (Brasil, Mato Grosso).

On the genus Lophyraspis Stål and description of new species (Hemiptera, Aetalionidae, Biturritiinae). The genus Lophyraspis and the following species are treated, along with some nomenclatural changes: Lophyraspis Stål, 1869 = Gerridius Fowler, 1896 syn. rest.; Lophyraspis muscaria (Fabricius, 1803) = Gerridius scutellatus Fowler, 1896 syn. nov. = Gerridius abbreviatus Baker, 1907 syn. nov.; Lophyraspis pygmaea (Fabricius, 1803); Lophyraspis scutellata (Fabricius, 1803) = L. cristata Stål, 1869 syn. nov. = L. armata Haviland, 1925 syn. nov.; Lophyraspis spinosa (Funkhouser, 1930) comb. nov. (formerly in Mina Walker, 1858); Lophyraspis fenestrata sp. nov. (Brazil, Amazonas); Lophyraspis diminuta sp. nov. (Brazil, Mato Grosso).

Cinco novas espécies são descritas: em Hoplophorionini Goding, 1926 Metcalfiella venezuelana sp. nov. (Venezuela, Lara); em Hypsoprorini Haupt, 1929 Hypsoprorachis fossulata sp. nov. (Brasil, Minas Gerais), Hypsoprora gracilis sp. nov. (Brasil, Mato Grosso), H. laminata sp. nov. (Brasil, São Paulo) e H. adusta sp. nov. (Brasil, Bahia). Fotografias dos holótipos são apresentadas.

Five new species are described: in Hoplophorionini Goding, 1926 Metcalfiella venezuelana sp. nov. (Venezuela, Lara); in Hypsoprorini Haupt, 1929 Hypsoprorachis fossulata sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais), Hypsoprora gracilis sp. nov. (Brazil, Mato Grosso), H. laminata sp. nov. (Brazil, São Paulo), and H. adusta sp. nov. (Brazil, Bahia). Photographs of the holotypes are given.

Thirty four (34) species of Alchisme Kirkaldy, 1904 are presented with descriptions, illustrations, and key for identification, except for two of them which were not seen, A. truncaticornis (Germar, 1835) and A. intermedia (Distant, 1881). The following nomenclatural changes are introduced: Achisme intermedia (Distant, 1881), sp. rev.; A. testacea (Fairmaire, 1846), sp. rev.; Alchisme apicalis (Walker, 1851) = A. costaricensis Goding, 1929, syn.n.; A. inermis (Fairmaire, 1846) = Triquetra nigrocarinala Fairmaire, 1846, syn.n.; A. rubrocostata (Spinola, 1852) = A. neuquina Remes-Lenicov, 1978, syn.n.; A. turrita (Germar, 1835) = Triquetra submaculata Buckton, 1901, syn.n.; A. ustulata (Fairmaire, 1846) = Triquetra virgata Fairmaire, 1846, syn.n.; A. virescens (Fairmaire, 1846) = Alchisme spinosa Funkhouser, 1940, syn.n.; Alchisme banosiensis sp.n. (from Ecuador); A. bordoni sp.n. (from Venezuela); A. colombiana sp.n. (from Colombia); A. salta sp.n. (from Argentina); A. cultellata sp.n. (from Venezuela); A. deflexa sp.n. (from Venezuela); A. erecta sp.n. (from Venezuela); A. frontomaculata sp.n. (from Brazil); A. goiana sp.n. (from Brazil); A. henryi sp.n. (from Venezuela); A. insolita sp.n. (from Colombia); A. mackameyi sp.n. (from Ecuador); A. onorei sp.n. (from Ecuador); A. schuhi sp.n. (from Peru).

Two new genera - Potnioides gen.n. and Sakakibarella gen.n. - and five new species are proposed: Potnioides corniculatus sp.n. (Peru, Cuzco), Sakakibarella seminigra sp.n. (Costa Rica, Turrialba), S. costaricensis sp.n. (Costa Rica, Heredia), S. elongaia sp.n. (Costa Rica, Alajuela) and S. maculata sp.n. (Colombia, Huila).