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Abstract Non-toxic defence against marine biofouling species including invasive species is urgently required. The effect of a synthetic natural compound “1-hydroxy-2-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine” was tested against larvae of the invasive orange cup coral T. coccinea Lesson, 1829. The larvae were placed in 24-well microtiter plates immediately after their release and subjected to the compound at concentrations of 0.5, 5, 10, 50, and 100 μg mL-1 and three treatments (copper sulfate, solvents, and seawater). Larval mortality ranged from 35% (100 μg mL-1) to 3% (5 μg mL-1), and their average of lethal concentration (LC50) was 142.2 μg mL-1. The results of this study show that compound is a potential option to be applied in the management and control of T. coccinea on artificial structures.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824070.21069rdsc

Crosstalk between biological and chemical diversity with cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of Aphanothece halophytica in vitro
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SILVA, ISABEL V.G

; SILVA, KARINA L.

; MAIA, RAQUEL C.

; DUARTE, HEITOR M.

; COUTINHO, RICARDO

; NEVES, MARIA HELENA C.B

; SOARES, ANGELICA R.

; LOPES, GISELLE P.F.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 Supl. 4 elocation e20211585

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Different solvent extracts from Aphanothece halophytica (A. halophytica) were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects against four human cancer cell lines. The samples demonstrated different percentages of cyanobacteria species populations. The samples containing 100% A. halophytica and 90% A. halophytica showed a significant cytotoxic effect in human breast cancer cells MDA231. The cytostatic effect was demonstrated in MDA231 and human glioblastoma T98G cells regardless of the treatment, resulting in a significant cell cycle arrest in the S phase. The chemical profiles of the extracts were proven to be diverse in qualitative and quantitative compositions. This variability was dependent on the A. halophytica´s abundance in each extract. The 100% A. halophytica extract induced cytotoxic and cytostatic effects in breast cancer cells, and those could be associated with the predominance of fatty acids, hydrocarbons and phthalates, indicating that A. halophytica is an interesting source of novel compound with anticancer effect.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220211585

Oil Spill on the Brazilian Coast
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ANDRADE, JAILSON BITTENCOURT DE

; COUTINHO, RICARDO

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 elocation e20220905

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-37652021202220220905

Exercise Testing, Family History, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis Markers for Cardiovascular Risk Reclassification in Middle-Aged Women
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Coutinho, Ricardo Quental

; Montarroyos, Ulisses Ramos

; Barros, Isly Maria Lucena de

; Guimarães, Maria José Bezerra

; Leão, Ana Paula Dornelas

; Costa, Laura Olinda Bregieiro Fernandes

; Medeiros, Ana Kelley de Lima

; Monteiro, Maria de Fátima

; Ferreira, Moacir de Novaes Lima

; Chalela, William Azem

; Pedrosa, Rodrigo Pinto

International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences

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Ago 2021, Volume 34 Nº 4 Páginas 383 - 392

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in women and the accuracy of currently available risk scores is questionable. Objective To reclassify the risk estimated by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in asymptomatic middle-aged women by incorporating family history, exercise testing variables, and subclinical atherosclerosis markers. Methods This cross-sectional study included 509 women (age range, 46-65 years) without cardiovascular symptoms. Those at low or intermediate risk by the FRS were reclassified to a higher level considering premature family history of acute myocardial infarction and/or sudden death; four variables from exercise testing; and two variables related to subclinical atherosclerosis markers. The homogeneity of these variables according to the FRS was verified by Pearson chi-square test (p<0.05). Results According to the FRS, 80.2%, 6.2%, and 13.6% of the women were classified as low (<5%), intermediate (5-10%), and high (>10%) risks, respectively. The intermediate-risk stratum showed the highest increase (from 6.2% to 33.3%) with addition of family history; followed by addition of chronotropic index <80% (to 24.2%); functional capacity <85% (22.2%), coronary calcium score >0 (20.6%); decreased one-minute heart rate recovery ≤12 bpm (15.2%); carotid intima-media thickness >1 mm and/or carotid plaque (13.8%) and ST-segment depression (9.0%). The high-risk stratum increased to 14.4% with the addition of reduced heart rate recovery and to 17.1% with the coronary calcium score. Conclusion Incorporation of premature family history of cardiovascular events, exercise testing abnormal parameters, and subclinical atherosclerosis markers into the FRS led to risk reclassification in 3.0-29.7% of asymptomatic middle-aged women, mainly by an increase from low to intermediate risk.

https://doi.org/10.36660/ijcs.20200414 3 downloads

Otimização multiobjetivo da operação de sistemas de distribuição de água com bombas de rotação variável
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Santos, Layara de Paula Sousa

; Coutinho, Ricardo Santos

; Soares, Alexandre Kepler

Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental

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Out 2020, Volume 25 Nº 5 Páginas 701 - 714

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Ante o crescimento populacional urbano e a importância da água como recurso natural limitado, verifica-se a necessidade de implementar técnicas com a finalidade de reduzir os custos operacionais dos sistemas de distribuição de água e garantir abastecimento adequado. A otimização da operação de bombas pode ser utilizada com o propósito de atender às demandas de consumo com menor custo energético, além de maximizar a confiabilidade hidráulica. Neste trabalho, um modelo híbrido de otimização/simulação foi desenvolvido tendo como suporte os algoritmos genéticos multiobjetivo e o simulador hidráulico EPANET. O método Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II) foi utilizado para a otimização da operação de bombas de rotação variável, ou seja, as variáveis de decisão do problema foram as rotações das bombas para cada hora ao longo do dia. Uma modificação do simulador hidráulico EPANET original, que não computa corretamente o rendimento de bombas de rotação variável, foi empregada para que as potências de cada bomba e, consequentemente, o custo da energia elétrica fossem calculados corretamente. Conjuntos de soluções não dominadas (frente Pareto) foram obtidos considerando-se, primeiramente, a penalidade de pressão negativa nos nós e, posteriormente, as penalidades de pressão negativa nos nós e o fechamento/desligamento de tubos e/ou bombas. Aplicou-se o método à rede hipotética denominada Anytown, e custos menores, considerando tarifas brasileiras, foram obtidos.

ABSTRACT Faced with the urban population growth and the importance of water as a limited natural resource, there is a need to implement techniques to reduce the operational costs of water distribution systems and ensure adequate supply. The optimization of pump operation can be used to meet the demands of consumption with a lower energy cost, in addition to maximizing hydraulic reliability. In this work, a hybrid optimization/simulation model was developed based on the multiobjective genetic algorithms and the EPANET hydraulic simulator. The NSGA II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II) method was used to optimize the operation of variable rotation pumps, that is, the decision variables of the problem were the rotation of the pumps for each hour throughout the day. A modification of the original EPANET hydraulic simulator, which does not correctly compute the efficiency of variable-speed pumps, was employed so that the power of each pump, and consequently the cost of electric power, was calculated correctly. Non-dominated solution sets (Pareto Front) were obtained considering first the negative pressure penalty at the nodes and, subsequently, the negative pressure penalties at the nodes and the closure/shutdown of tubes and/or pumps. The method has been applied in the hypothetical network called ANYTOWN and lower energy costs were obtained considering Brazilian energy tariffs.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-41522020185139 683 downloads

Non Electrocardiographic alterations in exercise testing in asymptomatic women. Associations with cardiovascular risk factors
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Coutinho, Ricardo Quental

; Montarroyos, Ulisses Ramos

; de Barros, Isly Maria Lucena

; Guimarães, Maria José Bezerra

; Costa, Laura Olinda Bregieiro Fernandes

; de Lima Medeiros, Ana Kelley

; de Fátima Monteiro, Maria

; de Novaes Lima Ferreira, Moacir

; Chalela, William Azem

; Pedrosa, Rodrigo

Clinics

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2019, Volume 74 elocation e1005

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of exercise testing alterations in middle-aged women without symptoms of heart disease and to verify the associations of functional capacity and heart rate behavior during and after exercise with cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 509 asymptomatic women aged between 46 and 65 years who underwent clinical evaluations and exercise testing (Bruce protocol). The heart rate behavior was evaluated by the maximal predicted heart rate achieved, chronotropic index and recovery heart rate. RESULTS: The mean age was 56.4±4.8 years, and 13.4% of the patients had a Framingham risk score above 10%. In the exercise treadmill testing, 58.0% presented one or more of the following alterations (listed in order of ascending prevalence): symptoms (angina, dyspnea, and dizziness), ST-segment depression, arrhythmia, reduction in recovery heart rate of ≤12 bpm at 1 minute, altered maximal predicted heart rate achieved, abnormal blood pressure, functional capacity deficiency, and altered chronotropic index. In the multivariate analysis, the following associations (odds ratio) were observed for these alterations: chronotropic index was associated with obesity (2.08) and smoking (4.47); maximal predicted heart rate achieved was associated with smoking (6.45); reduction in the recovery heart rate at 1 minute was associated with age (1.09) and obesity (2.78); functional capacity was associated with age (0.92), an overweight status (2.29) and obesity (6.51). CONCLUSIONS: More than half of middle-aged women without cardiovascular symptoms present alterations in one or more exercise testing parameters. Alterations in the functional capacity or heart rate behavior, as verified by exercise testing, are associated with age, smoking, an overweight status and obesity.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2019/e1005 366 downloads

Simulação de bombas com velocidade de rotação variável no EPANET
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Coutinho, Ricardo Santos

; Soares, Alexandre Kepler

Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental

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Ago 2017, Volume 22 Nº 4 Páginas 797 - 808

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Em sistemas de distribuição de água, economia de energia elétrica pode ser alcançada pela substituição de bombas de rotação constante por bombas de rotação variável (BRV). Os elevados custos de instalação e operação de BRV requerem uma avaliação econômica prévia do projeto, a qual geralmente é acompanhada do uso de simuladores para análises hidráulicas do sistema. Um dos programas mais utilizados para esse fim é o EPANET 2, que é impreciso para computar a eficiência de BRV, pois o programa não leva em conta a mudança na curva de eficiência da bomba quando sua velocidade de rotação é alterada. Neste trabalho, uma rotina para o cálculo da eficiência de BRV, baseada em metodologia da literatura, foi implementada no código-fonte do EPANET 2. A influência da nova rotina nos resultados previstos pelo programa para eficiência, potência e consumo de energia de BRV foi avaliada em simulações com uma rede hipotética. Os resultados mostram que a versão original do EPANET 2 tende a subestimar a eficiência e, consequentemente, superestimar a potência e o consumo de energia de BRV. A versão modificada do EPANET 2 proporciona uma melhor previsão do comportamento de BRV e, portanto, o seu uso é recomendado na simulação de redes de distribuição de água equipadas com BRV.

ABSTRACT In water distribution systems, energy savings can be achieved by substituting fixed-speed pumps by variable-speed pumps (VSP). The high costs of installation and operation of VSP require a preliminary economic assessment of the project, which is usually complemented by the use of a computer simulation software for hydraulic analyses of the system. One of the most used software programs for this purpose is EPANET 2, which is inaccurate when computing VSP efficiency. This is because the software does not take into account the changes in the pump efficiency curve when the pump speed is changed. In this study, a routine for calculating VSP efficiency, based on literature methodology, was implemented in the source code of EPANET 2. The influence of the new routine on the results predicted by the software for efficiency, power and energy consumption of VSP was evaluated in simulations with a hypothetical network. The results show that the original version of EPANET 2 tends to underestimate the efficiency and thus overestimate the power and energy consumption of VSP. The modified version of EPANET 2 provides a better prediction of VSP behavior; thus, its use is recommended in the simulation of water distribution networks equipped with VSP.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-41522017163428 7573 downloads

Effects of structural factors on upwelling fouling community, Southeast Brazil
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Masi, Bruno Pereira

; Zalmon, Ilana

; Coutinho, Ricardo

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography

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Dez 2016, Volume 64 Nº 4 Páginas 387 - 400

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Para avaliar o padrão sucessional de organismos incrustantes, três hipóteses foram testadas: 1) uma termoclina é causada por eventos de ressurgência e, portanto, a profundidade influencia na trajetória sucessional da comunidade incrustante; 2) a redução na intensidade de luz natural no substrato influencia a composição da comunidade e a trajetória sucessional; 3) a predação por peixes influencia a composição da comunidade e sua trajetória sucessional. Durante um ano, faces inferiores e superiores de painéis de PVC em gaiolas abertas, parcial e totalmente fechadas em profundidades de 1,5 e 3,5 metros foram amostradas mensalmente por fotografia digital para determinar a composição da comunidade por ponto-contato e estimar a porcentagem de cobertura dos organismos. Diferentes massas de água resultantes da ressurgência e diferentes intensidades de luz foram fatores determinantes na trajetória sucessional da comunidade. Após a instalação de gaiolas parcial e totalmente fechadas, foram identificadas diferenças nas respectivas trajetórias. O resultado deste estudo sugere que cada fator físico ou processo biológico pode alterar a trajetória de desenvolvimento de uma comunidade, e o modelo sucessional (ex. convergente, divergente, paralelo ou cíclico) depende da magnitude dos fatores determinantes que atuam em cada etapa de sua trajetória.

Abstract To assess the successional pattern of fouling organisms three hypotheses were tested: 1) a thermocline is caused by seasonal upwelling events, and therefore, depth influences the successional trajectory of the fouling community; 2) a reduction in the intensity of natural light of the substrate influences the fouling composition and the successional trajectory; 3) fish predation influences the community composition and its successional trajectory. During one year, up-facing and down-facing PVC panels on open, partially caged or fully caged, and placed at depths of 1.5 and 3.5 meters were monthly sampled by digital photograph to determine the community composition and by contact point to estimate the percent coverage of organisms. The upwelling impact provided different water masses, and light intensity was also a determining factor of the overall successional trajectory of the fouling community. After the installation of full and partial cages, differences were identified in the respective successional trajectories. The results of this study suggest that each physical factor or biological process can change the successional trajectory of the community, and the successional model (e.g., convergent, divergent, parallel, or cyclic) depends on the magnitudes of the determinants that act on the community at each stage of its trajectory.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592016128706404 1571 downloads

10.

Studies on benthic communities of rocky shores on the Brazilian coast and climate change monitoring: status of knowledge and challenges
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Coutinho, Ricardo

; Yaginuma, Luciana Erika

; Siviero, Fernanda

; Santos, Julio César Q. P. dos

; López, María Soledad

; Christofoletti, Ronaldo Adriano

; Berchez, Flávio

; Ghilardi-Lopes, Natalia Pirani

; Ferreira, Carlos Eduardo Leite

; Gonçalves, José Eduardo Arruda

; Masi, Bruno Pereira

; Correia, Monica Dorigo

; Sovierzoski, Hilda Helena

; Skinner, Luis Felipe

; Zalmon, Ilana Rosental

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography

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2016, Volume 64 Nº spe2 Páginas 27 - 36

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Um grupo de trabalho de costões rochosos (GT) integrado à ReBentos (Rede de Monitoramento de Habitats Bentônicos Costeiros), e vinculado à Sub-Rede Zonas Costeiras da Rede Clima (MCT) e ao Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Mudanças Climáticas (INCT-MC), foi criado para estudar a vulnerabilidade das comunidades bentônicas dos costões rochosos e os efeitos das alterações ambientais sobre a respectiva biota. A presente síntese foi um dos produtos desse GT e teve como objetivo principal levantar e revisar o conhecimento existente sobre as comunidades bentônicas de costões rochosos na costa brasileira, a biodiversidade associada, e verificar as potencialidades de estudos futuros para uma previsão/mensuração mais acurada dos efeitos das mudanças climáticas sobre os ambientes e sua biota.

Abstract A rocky shores working group (WG) integrated with ReBentos (Monitoring Network for Coastal Benthic Habitats; Rede de Monitoramento de Habitats Bentônicos Costeiros) was created and linked to the Coastal Zones Sub Network of the Climate Network (MCT; Sub-Rede Zonas Costeiras da Rede Clima) and to the National Institute of Science and Technology for Climate Change (INCT-MC; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Mudanças Climáticas), to study the vulnerability of benthic communities on rocky shores and the effects of environmental changes on biomes in such environments along the Brazilian coast. The synthesis presented here was one of the products of this GT, and aimed to collect and review existing knowledge on benthic communities present on rocky shores of the Brazilian coast, their associated biodiversity, and the potential of future studies to accurately predict/measure the effects of climate change on such environments and their biota.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-875920161015064sp2 5275 downloads

11.

GLICEROFOSFOLIPÍDIOS SINTÉTICOS PARA USO COMO ADITIVO BIOCIDA EM TINTAS ANTI‑INCRUSTANTE
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Batista, William R.

; Neves, Maria H. C. B.

; Coutinho, Ricardo

; Lopes, Cláudio C.

; Lopes, Rosangela S. C.

Química Nova

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Ago 2015, Volume 38 Nº 7 Páginas 917 - 923

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

AbstractThis paper presents a technological innovation that uses a subclass of glycerophospholipids as a booster biocide in antifouling paint. These glycerophospholipid PAF-analogs are economically and environmentally viable compounds because they are synthesized from a metal-free raw material source-soybean lecithin. The synthesis, which involves transesterification followed by an alkylation reaction, produced a mixture of glycerophospholipids that were characterized by mass spectrometry. Evaluation of the antifouling performance with field tests showed that the replacement of ordinary halogenated booster biocide with the synthesized product gave a better efficiency and an exceptional antifouling activity with a significant reduction in the coverage of the fouling macro-organisms.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0100-4042.20150101 1473 downloads

12.

Successional trajectory of the fouling community on a tropical upwelling ecosystem in southeast Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Masi, Bruno Pereira

; Coutinho, Ricardo

; Zalmon, Ilana

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography

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Jun 2015, Volume 63 Nº 2 Páginas 161 - 168

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O presente estudo descreve a trajetória sucessional da comunidade incrustante na região de ressurgência de Cabo Frio no sudeste do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Durante 12 meses, cinco painéis de PVC foram amostrados mensalmente por fotografia subaquática para registrar a porcentagem de cobertura dos organismos incrustantes, permitindo a avaliação do processo sucessional através de grupos funcionais. A variabilidade na composição da comunidade incrustante aumentou ao longo de toda a trajetória sucessional, criando um padrão de mosaico. A identificação de duas associações após um ano de observação, sendo uma caracterizada por algas filamentosas, Hydrozoa e Cirripedia, e outra principalmente por algas calcáreas articuladas, evidencia que diferentes trajetórias podem ser observadas inclusive quando iniciadas sob mesmas condições ambientais. Como um importante fator sazonal das características oceanográficas locais, os eventos de ressurgência favoreceram uma heterogeneidade ambiental, rejeitando o clássico modelo sucessional ordenado e direcional.

Abstract The present study describes the successional trajectory of the fouling community in the upwelling region of Cabo Frio in southeastern Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. For 12 months, five PVC panels were sampled monthly by underwater photography to record the percent cover of fouling organisms, which allowed for the evaluation of the successional process through functional groups. The variability in the composition of the fouling community increased throughout the successional trajectory, creating a mosaic pattern. The identification of two associations after a year of observation, with one characterized by filamentous algae, Hydrozoa and Cirripedia and another mainly by articulated calcareous algae, shows that divergent trajectories can be observed even under the same environmental conditions. As an important seasonal factor of the local oceanographic characteristics, the upwelling events allowed for an environmental heterogeneity, and rejecting the classic orderly and directional succession model.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-87592015093806302 1837 downloads

13.

Yearly variation of bacterial production in the Arraial do Cabo protection area (Cabo Frio upwelling region): an evidence of anthropogenic pressure
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Coelho-Souza, Sérgio A.

; Pereira, Gilberto C.

; Coutinho, Ricardo

; Guimarães, Jean R.D.

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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Dez 2013, Volume 44 Nº 4 Páginas 1349 - 1357

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Arraial do Cabo is where upwelling occurs more intensively on the Brazilian coast. Although it is a protection area it suffers anthropogenic pressure such as harbor activities and sporadic sewage emissions. Short-time studies showed a high variability of bacterial production (BP) in this region but none of them evaluated BP during long periods in a large spatial scale including stations under different natural (upwelling and cold fronts) and anthropogenic pressures. During 2006, we sampled surface waters 10 times (5 in upwelling and 5 in subsidence periods) in 8 stations and we measured BP, temperature as well as the concentrations of inorganic nutrients, pigments and particulate organic matter (POM). BP was up to 400 times higher when sewage emissions were observed visually and it had a positive correlation with ammonia concentrations. Therefore, in 2007, we did two samples (each during upwelling and subsidence periods) during sewage emissions in five stations under different anthropogenic pressure and we also measured particles abundance by flow cytometry. The 12 samples in the most impacted area confirmed that BP was highest when ammonia was higher than 2 μM, also reporting the highest concentrations of chlorophyll a and suspended particles. However, considering all measured variables, upwelling was the main disturbing factor but the pressure of fronts should not be neglected since it had consequences in the auto-heterotrophic coupling, increasing the concentrations of non fluorescent particles and POM. Stations clustered in function of natural and anthropogenic pressures degrees and both determined the temporal-spatial variability.

2117 downloads

14.

Biophysical interactions in the Cabo Frio upwelling system, southeastern Brazil
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Coelho-Souza, Sergio Augusto

; López, Maria Soledad

; Guimarães, Jean Remy Davee

; Coutinho, Ricardo

; Candella, Rogério Nader

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography

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Set 2012, Volume 60 Nº 3 Páginas 353 - 365

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Os sistemas costeiros de ressurgência são caracterizados pela ascensão de águas frias que tornam os nutrientes disponíveis na camada eufótica para o crescimento e aumento da produção fitoplanctônica. No Brasil, a região do Cabo Frio (RJ) é o principal sistema de ressurgência costeira. O objetivo desse artigo foi revisar o atual conhecimento desse sistema através dos conceitos sobre interações biofísicas. A ascensão da Água Central do Atlântico Sul ocorre devido à alta frequência e amplitude dos ventos, à presença de meandros e vórtices na Corrente do Brasil, além da topografia local e da linha de costa. Os eventos de ressurgência são comuns durante os períodos de primavera/verão e a biomassa primária é exportada devido à circulação da água, sendo também controlada pela rápida predação zooplanctônica. Os pequenos peixes pelágicos regulam o crescimento do plâncton e são consumidos pelos peixes predadores, resultando em um importante estoque pesqueiro regional. A irregularidade da costa define as enseadas do Cabo Frio, na Reserva Extrativista Marinha do Arraial do Cabo, apresentando distintas influências das águas ressurgidas e resultando em grande diversidade de espécies. Consequentemente, ambientes com características tropicais e subtropicais são observados dentro de uma pequena escala espacial, o que constitui uma particularidade desse ecossistema.

The rising of cold water from deeper levels characterizes coastal upwelling systems. This flow makes nutrients available in the euphotic layer, which enhances phytoplankton production and growth. On the Brazilian coast, upwelling is most intense in the Cabo Frio region (RJ). The basic knowledge of this system was reviewed in accordance with concepts of biophysical interactions. The high frequency and amplitude of the prevailing winds are the main factor promoting the rise of South Atlantic Central Water, but meanders and eddies in the Brazil Current as well as local topography and coast line are also important. Upwelling events are common during spring/summer seasons. Primary biomass is exported by virtue of the water circulation and is also controlled by rapid zooplankton predation. Small pelagic fish regulate plankton growth and in their turn are preyed on by predatory fish. Sardine furnishes an important regional fish stock. Shoreline irregularities define the embayment formation of the Marine Extractive Reserve of Arraial do Cabo making it an area with evident different intensities of upwelled water that harbors high species diversity. Consequently, on a small spatial scale there are environments with tropical and subtropical features, a point to be explored as a particularity of this ecosystem.

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15.

Structural characteristics of mangrove forests in Brazilian estuaries: A comparative study
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Camargo Maia, Rafaela

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Revista de biología marina y oceanografía

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Abr 2012, Volume 47 Nº 1 Páginas 87 - 98

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

The aim of this study was the characterization of mangrove forests in 9 estuaries in the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil, with the purpose of comparing them and providing subsidies for their conservation. We used the method of multiple squares, having 3 transects of 5 quadrats at each site. We obtained values for the diameter and basal area of the individuals, dominance, trunk density and relative frequency per species, as well as variables for the analysis of sediment. The results obtained regarding structural parameters showed differences among the sampled forests, where the highest density levels were found in the Acaraú, Ceará and Guriú rivers. The Guriú River also presented the smallest values for height, Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and basal area. The grouping analysis indicates 3 groups of forests: 1) Cocó and Ceará; 2) Acaraú, Jaguaribe and Pacoti, and 3) Aracatimirim and Guriú. The mangrove forests in Curú and Barra Grande were not grouped. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that the sediments collected in the estuaries present a distinct texture composition. The differences between the areas must be taken into consideration when proposing management, as each mangrove demands different strategies for its maintenance.

Se caracterizó la estructura de la vegetación de los bosques de manglares en 9 estuarios en el estado de Ceará, nordeste de Brasil, con el propósito de compararlos y lograr concesión de subvenciones para su conservación. Se utilizó el método de los cuadrados múltiples, con 3 transectos de 5 cuadrantes en cada sitio. Se obtuvieron valores de diámetro y área basal de los árboles, la dominancia, la densidad del tronco y la frecuencia relativa de cada especie, además de las variables para el análisis de los sedimentos. Los resultados de los parámetros estructurales obtenidos mostraron diferencias entre los bosques de la muestra, de forma que los niveles más altos de densidad se hallaron en los ríos Acaraú, Ceará y Guriú. El rio Guriú además presentó los menores valores de altura, área basal y Diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP). El análisis de agrupamiento de especies indica una separación de 3 grupos: 1) Cocó y Ceará, 2) Acaraú, Jaguaribe y Pacoti, y 3) Aracatimirim y Guriú. Los bosques de manglares en Curú y Barra Grande no conformaron ningún grupo con los anteriores. El Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) indicó que los sedimentos recogidos en los estuarios presentan una composición distinta. Las diferencias entre los sitios se deben tener en cuenta cuando se proponga la administración, ya que cada manglar exige estrategias diferentes para su mantenimiento.

4522 downloads Citado 1 vez em SciELO

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