As lactonas sesquiterpênicas (LS), guaianolídeo (11,13-deidrocompressanolídeo) e partenolídeo (4α,5β epóxi-germacra-1-(10),11-(13)-dien-12,6α-olideo), encontradas em Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip, mostraram significativa atividade in vitro contra Leishmania amazonensis. Desta forma, um novo método para a determinação simultânea das LS foi desenvolvido e validado. Para a separação, empregou-se cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a arranjo de diodos (HPLC Alliance e2695-2998 PDA, λ 210 nm), com gradiente linear de fase (A) água acidificada H3PO4 0,1% (pH 2,8) e fase (B) acetonitrila, em diferentes proporções, na vazão de 1,2 mL min-1 com coluna XBridge C8 (4,6 × 100 mm, 3,5 µm, 35 ºC). O método mostrou resolução (> 1,5), seletividade, linearidade (coeficiente de correlação > 0,99), precisão (desvio padrão relativo de 2,2%) e exatidão (recuperação > 98%); apresentando 52,55 µg mg-1 de guaianolídeo e 566,05 µg mg-1 de partenolídeo na fração diclorometânica do extrato hidroalcoólico de Tanacetum parthenium. O método apresenta potencial uso no controle da qualidade e desenvolvimento de novos fitofármacos, uma promissora alternativa no tratamento da leishmaniose.

The sesquiterpene lactones (SL), guaianolide (11,13-dehydrocompressanolide) and parthenolide (4α,5β-epoxy-germacra-1-(10),11-(13)-dien-12,6α-olide), found in Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip, showed in vitro significant activity against Leishmania amazonensis. In this way, a new method for the simultaneous determination of SL was developed and validated. For separation, it was employed high performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detector (HPLC Alliance e2695-2998PDA, λ 210 nm) with linear gradient of phase (A) acidified water 0.1% H3PO4 (pH 2.8) and phase (B) acetonitrile, in different proportions, at a flow rate of 1.2 mL min-1 with XBridge C8 column (4.6 × 100 mm, 3.5 µm, 35 ºC). The method showed resolution (> 1.5); selectivity, linearity (coefficient of correlation > 0.99), precision (relative standard deviation of 2.2%) and accuracy (recovery > 98%); presenting 52.55 µg mg-1 of guaianolide and 566.05 µg mg-1 of parthenolide in the dichloromethane fraction of the hydroalcoholic extract of Tanacetum parthenium. The method presents potential use in quality control and development of new phytochemicals, a promising alternative in the treatment of leishmaniasis.

This study investigated the antiviral potential of fractions and eupomatenoid-5 obtained from Piper regnelli (Miq.) C. DC., Piperaceae, leaves against bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) and poliovirus. VERO cell monolayers in 96-well cell culture plates were infected with BHV-1 or poliovirus and incubated in the presence and absence of samples for 48 h. The cells were then fixed and stained with sulforhodamine B, and the virus-induced cytopathic effect was measured in a 96-well plate reader at 530 nm. Cytotoxicity was assessed by incubating the cell monolayers with samples for 72 h. The hexane, chloroform, chloroform/ethyl acetate (19:1), and chloroform/ethyl acetate (9:1) fractions showed activity against BHV-1. The chloroform, chloroform/ethyl acetate (19:1), chloroform/ethyl acetate (9:1), chloroform/ethyl acetate (1:1), and ethyl acetate fractions were active against poliovirus. The chloroform/ethyl acetate (9:1) fraction presented the best selectivity index for both viruses. The present study reports the antiviral activity of the extract and fractions of P. regnelli leaves.

Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen, Amaranthaceae, is widely distributed in Brazil. Roots are considered as the world's greatest supplier and β-ecdysone is the most important compound extracted from roots of Pfaffia glomerata. So, the aim this study was analyze the presence of β-ecdysone in the inflorescences and stems and compared with the content from roots of Pfaffia glomerata and determine the best extractive method of β-ecdysone this plant. The crude extracts were obtained by Soxhlet method, reflux, maceration, percolation and turbolyse. Compound extracts were quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The analysis were carried out a Phenomenex Column C18, 5 µm, 250x4,6mm, maintened at 30 ºC, gradient system using as mobile phase a mixture of methanol and water, flow rate 1,0 mL and detection at 245 nm. Results showed Soxhlet method with ethanol:water (90:10 v/v) presented the higher concentration of β-ecdysone in P. glomerata and inflorescences showed higher amount of this active substance (3,06%), compared with stems (2,37%) and roots (1,63%), showing that the inflorescences and plant stems may also be used as a rich source of β-ecdysone.

Do extrato hidroetanólico das partes aéreas de Acanthospermum australe (Asteraceae) foram identificados uma lactona diterpênica, o acetato de acantoaustralida (1) e dois flavonoides: quercetina (2) e crisosplenol D (3). As estruturas foram identificadas através de técnicas espectroscópicas de RMN de ¹H e 13C, gHSQC, gHMBC, TOCSY, gNOESY, EM e pela comparação com dados da literatura.

From the hydroethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Acanthospermum australe (Asteraceae) a diterpene lactone, acanthoaustralide-1-O-Acetate (1) and two flavonoids: quercetin (2) and chrysosplenol D (3) were identified. The structures were determined though the use of spectroscopic techniques such as NMR (¹H, 13C{¹H}, gHSQC, gHMBC, TOCSY, gNOESY), MS and compared with the literature data.

Descrições morfoanatômicas preliminares do caule e da folha de Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Kuntze foram realizadas a partir de material vegetal fresco e fixado. Secções transversais e paradérmicas, coradas com safranina/azul de astra e azul de toluidina foram analisadas ao microscópio. As superfícies do caule e da folha foram observadas através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A. australe apresenta, tanto no caule quanto na folha, tricomas tectores pluricelulares, unisseriados e de extremidades afiladas, e glandulares discóides, com pedúnculo curto unicelular, no qual se prendem cinco séries de células. A folha é anfiestomática e os estômatos são do tipo anomocítico, levemente proeminentes em relação ao nível das demais células epidérmicas. O caule apresenta crescimento secundário inicial, destacando-se os ductos secretores no parênquima cortical e medular.

Preliminary morphological and anatomical descriptions of stem and leaf of Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Kuntze were made in fresh and fixed material. Cross and superficial sections, stained with safranin/astra blue and Toluidine blue were analyzed at the light microscopic and the images were acquired by means the program Image Pro-Plus, version 4.0 (Media Cybertecnics). The surface of the stem and leaf were observed through scanning electronic microscopy. The species presents in the stem and leaf surface multicellular nonglandular trichome, uniseriate with a pointed edge and multicellular glandular trichome like a disk with a unicellular peduncle, in which is attached a series of five cells. The leaf presents anomocytic stomata in both surfaces a little prominent in relation to the level of the epidermal cells. The stem presents an initial secondary growth with evident secretory ducts in the cortex and pith.

Um novo triterpeno, 3beta,22ksi,23ksi-triidróxi-22ksi-acetóxi-24-metil-lanosta-8,24(28)-dieno-31-al, denominado pisosteral, e quatro triterpenos lanostanos conhecidos, 3beta,22ksi,23ksi-triidróxi-22ksi-acetóxi-24-metil-lanosta-8,24(28)-dieno (pisosterol), 3alfa,22ksi,23ksi-triidróxi-22ksi-acetóxi-24-metil-lanosta -8,24(28)-dieno (3-epi-pisosterol), 3beta,22ksi,23ksi-triidróxi-23ksi-acetóxi-24-metil-lanosta-8,24(28)-dieno e 3beta,22ksi,23ksi-triidróxi-22ksi-acetóxi-24-etil-lanosta-8,24(28)-dieno, foram isolados do corpo de frutificação do fungo Pisolithus tinctorius, coletado em uma plantação de Eucalyptus. De uma linhagem de P. tinctorius isolada de Pinus taeda, foram isolados quatro triterpenos conhecidos derivados do lanostano, 3beta,22ksi-diidróxi-24-metil-lanosta-8,24(28)-dieno, 3beta,22ksi-diidróxi-24-etil-lanosta-8,24(28)-dieno, 3beta-hidróxi-lanosta-8,24-dieno (lanosterol) and 3beta-hidróxi-lanosta-7(8),9,24-trieno (agnosterol). Essas substâncias foram identificadas a partir de métodos químicos e físicos, principalmente espectrometria de massas e ressonância magnética nuclear 1D e 2D.

A new triterpene, 3beta,22xi,23xi-trihydroxy-24-methyllanosta-8,24(28)-diene-31-al 22-acetate, named pisosteral, and four known lanostane triterpenes derivatives, 3beta,22xi,23xi-trihydroxy-24-methyllanosta-8,24(28)-diene 22-acetate (pisosterol), 3alpha,22xi,23xi-trihydroxy-24-methyllanosta-8,24(28)-diene 22-acetate (3-epi-pisosterol), 3beta,22xi,23xi-trihydroxy-24-methyllanosta-8,24(28)-diene 23-acetate and 3beta,22xi,23xi-trihydroxy-24-ethyllanosta-8,24(28)-diene 22-acetate, were isolated from fruiting bodies of Pisolithus tinctorius, collected in an Eucalyptus plantation. From cultivation of a strain of P. tinctorius isolated from Pinus taeda, four known triterpenes lanostane derivatives, 3beta,22xi-dihydroxy-24-methyllanosta-8,24(28)-diene, 3beta,22xi-dihydroxy-24-ethyllanosta-8,24(28)-diene, 3beta-hydroxylanosta-8,24-diene (lanosterol) and 3beta-hydroxylanosta-7(8),9,24-triene (agnosterol), were isolated. These compounds were identified on the basis of chemical and physical methods, mainly mass spectrometry and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance.