Resumo Objetivos: Este estudo com análise de elementos finitos (EF) 3D não lineares avaliou a influência do número de implantes, da inclinação de implantes distais e do uso de pilares angulados sobre as tensões em osso peri-implantar cortical (CB), parafuso do pilar protético (AB) e parafuso protético (PS) em próteses totais fixas implantossuportadas (IFCD). Métodos: Modelos de EF-3D não lineares de IFCD mandibulares foram criados com cinco, quatro e três implantes paralelos entre si (5R, 4R, 3R) e com o implante distal inclinado (5I, 4I, 3I). Adicionalmente, no modelo 5I foi testado o uso de pilares angulados, compensando a angulação do implante. Uma força axial de 100 N foi aplicada sobre o primeiro molar (extremo livre) para avaliar as tensões em pontos selecionados (CB, AS, PS). Resultados: O implante adjacente à carga mostrou maiores tensões em CB, AS e PS. O modelo com três implantes apresentou maiores tensões que com quatro ou cinco. Quanto ao AS, o pico tensional aumentou 40% de cinco para quatro implantes e 100% de cinco para três implantes. A inclinação distal do implante posterior aumentou as tensões em CB. Quanto ao PS, o pico tensional aumentou 150% do modelo 5R para o 5I e 100% do modelo 4R para o 4I. O pilar angulado diminuiu as tensões em CB e AS, mas aumentou em PS. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que as tensões em CB, AS e PS aumentam quando há inclinação do implante distal e diminuição do número de implantes. O uso de pilares angulados diminui as tensões em CB e AS, mas aumentou as tensões em PS.

Abstract Objectives: This nonlinear three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) study evaluated the effect of the number of implants, distal implant inclination, and use of angled abutments on stress magnitude and distribution in cortical bone (CB), abutment screw (AS), and prosthetic screw (PS) of implant-supported fixed complete dentures. Methods: Nonlinear 3D FEA models of mandibular fixed complete dentures were created with five, four, or three parallel straight implants (5S, 4S, 3S) and with tilted distal implants (5T, 4T, 3T). In addition, the 5T model was tested using angled abutments over the tilted distal implants to re-align the implant inclination. A 100-N axial load was applied over the first molar region (cantilever) to analyze the von Mises stresses in selected points (CB, AS, and PS). Results: The implant adjacent to the load showed the highest stresses in CB, AS, and PS. The model with three implants showed higher stresses than the ones with four and five implants. Peak stresses in the AS increased 40% from five to four implants and 100% from five to three implants. Tilting the distal implants increased stresses in CB. Peak stress in the PS increased 150% from 5S to 5T models and 100% from 4S to 4T models. Angled abutments generated lower stresses on CB and AS but higher stresses on PS. Conclusions: The results suggest that stresses in the cortical bone, abutment screw, and prosthetic screw increase when tilting the posterior implants and reducing the number of implants. The use of angled abutments decreased stresses at the bone-implant interface and in abutment screws but increased stresses on prosthetic screws.

A gestão da ocupação docente em instituições de ensino superior é um problema que afeta universidades públicas e, principalmente, as privadas. Uma distribuição justa de tarefas aos docentes repercute diretamente na qualidade do ensino, na produção de conhecimento, na sustentabilidade institucional e, principalmente, na saúde dos docentes. Neste trabalho é proposto um método para avaliação da composição da carga de trabalho com base em uma ferramenta chamada Processo Analítico Hierárquico, visando a equidade em termos de carga de trabalho (o que não significa o mesmo que equidade das cargas-horárias nas diferentes atividades docentes). Como principal contribuição, é proposta uma métrica, chamada Coeficiente de Carga de Trabalho, que pode ser facilmente adaptada a realidade de cada instituição. Apesar das bases matemáticas, quando implementada computacionalmente, a utilização dessa métrica passa a ser simples e acessível a gestores de qualquer formação.

The management of teaching occupation in higher education institutions is a problem that affects public and, mainly, private universities. A fair distribution of tasks to teachers directly affects the quality of teaching, the production of knowledge, institutional sustainability and, mainly, the health of teachers. This work proposes a method for evaluating the composition of the workload based on a tool called the Hierarchical Analytic Process, aiming at equity in terms of workload (which does not mean the same as equity in the amount of hours dedicated to different activities). As the main contribution, a metric, called Workload Coefficient, is proposed, which can be easily adapted to the reality of each institution. Despite the mathematical bases, when implemented computationally, the use of this metric becomes simple and accessible to managers in any area of knowledge.

ABSTRACT Background: Papiliotrema laurentii is one of several non-neoformans cryptococci that have rarely been associated with human infection, since it was previously considered saprophyte and thought to be non-pathogenic to humans. Nevertheless, increasing number of reports of human infection have emerged in recent years, mostly in oncologic patients. Aim: To report a case of a female patient with pyloric obstructive cancer with a catheter-related Papiliotrema laurentii blood stream infection and systematically review the available evidence on P. laurentii infection in humans. Methods: Retrieval of studies was based on Medical Subject Headings and Health Sciences Descriptors, which were combined using Boolean operators. Searches were run on the electronic databases Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE (PubMed), BIREME (Biblioteca Regional de Medicina), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature), Cochrane Library for Systematic Reviews and Opengray.eu. There was no language or date of publication restrictions. The reference lists of the studies retrieved were searched manually. Results: The search strategy retrieved 1703 references. In the final analysis, 31 references were included, with the description of 35 cases. Every patient but one had a previous co-morbidity - 48.4 % of patients had a neoplasm. Amphotericin B was the most used treatment and only a single case of resistance to it was reported. Most patients were cured of the infection. Conclusion: P. laurentii infection in humans is usually associated to neoplasia and multiple co-morbidities, and amphotericin B seems to be a reliable agent for treatment.

In the present study, a methodology is appliedfor system reliability based design optimization (RBDO) to thin copper films that are deposited on flat surfaces of polypropylene polymer. The input data of the design of such polymer-metal joint was determined by the necessary normal stress to detach the copper film from the substrate of polypropylene by different forces and interface areas, obtained from uniaxial tensile test. The RBDO methodology was implemented in order to find the smallest bonding area required to assure different reliability levels, minimizing the detaching probability and cost (lower amount of the metallic film). The reliability level is treated as input data and considered as a constraint in the optimization problem. The used optimization methodology is the Genetic Algorithm (GA). This choice is due to the fact that GA presents good behavior when dealing with functions that may exhibit nonlinear behavior. The results shows that the applied methodology is efficient and it is concluded that high reliability requirements might impose larger areas. In the case of 98% of the reliability cases in not detaching the thin film, the resulted bonded area is 3.18 greater than the initial value without safety requirements.

En el presente estudio se aplica una metodología para la optimización de los sistemas basados en la confiabilidad (RBDO) a las películas delgadas de cobre que se depositan en una superficie plana de polímero de polipropileno. Se determinaron los datos de entrada, como el tamaño de la junta por la tensión normal necesaria para separar la película de cobre del sustrato de polipropileno por diferentes fuerzas y zonas de interfaz, que se obtiene a partir de un ensayo de tracción uniaxial. La metodología RBDO se implementó con el fin de encontrar la zona de unión más pequeño requerido para asegurar diferentes niveles de confiabilidad, reduciendo al mínimo la probabilidad de desprendimiento y el costo (menos cantidad de película metálica). El nivel de confiabilidad es tratado como datos de entrada y considerado como una restricción en el problema de optimización. La metodología de la optimización es el algoritmo genético (GA). La elección de esta metodología se debe al buen comportamiento en las funciones que pueden exhibir un comportamiento no lineal. Los resultados muestran que la metodología aplicada es eficiente y se concluye que los requisitos de alta confiabilidad pueden imponer zonas de colaje considerablemente más grandes. En el 98% de los casos de confiabilidad en la no separación de la película fina, resultó en una zona de unión que es 3,18 mayor que el valor inicial sin requisitos de seguridad.

A presente pesquisa avalia o comportamento mecânico da haste femoral não-cimentada Logical através de elementos finitos. Foram analisadas diferentes condições de contorno encontradas na prática ortopédica: a) apenas o colo exposto; b) com as aletas anti-rotatórias parcialmente expostas; e c) com as aletas totalmente expostas. Variações antropométricas foram consideradas pelas diferentes angulações de colo propostas e através de diferentes cargas aplicadas. A haste apresentou um bom coeficiente de segurança. Embora pequenos deslocamentos sejam observados em todas as condições, existe um maior deslocamento com o aumento da exposição das aletas da prótese. Mesmo para a condição extrema com as aletas totalmente expostas, a prótese suporta as cargas de trabalho e ainda há um bom fator de segurança. Tensões e deslocamentos se modificam consideravelmente com as diferentes angulações propostas para o colo, sugerindo que as variações antropométricas devam ser consideradas no futuro para otimizar o desempenho da prótese.

This paper evaluates the mechanical behavior of an uncemented hip stem using finite element analysis. The analysis is focused on the stem-bone interaction which is assessed by simulation of distinct conditions encountered daily on orthopedic practice of hip implants. Logical uncemented femoral stem was used in this work. Three distinct conditions have been modeled: a) exposed neck with fully embedded fins, b) partially exposed anti-rotational fins and c) fully exposed fins, representing real femoral hip conditions. Anthropometric variations and different angulations for the stem neck were investigated for typical body weight of populations submitted to implants. The ratio of mobilized stress to yield stress is shown to be lower than 55% indicating a safety factor against stem failure. Although small displacements are observed in all conditions, the displacement increases with the increase of both the length of exposed fins and the magnitude of applied forces. Even for the extreme condition of fully exposed fins, the prostheses will support the working loads, and the risk of bone fracture still has a safety factor. Stresses and displacements change considerably with neck angulations suggesting that anthropometric variations should be considered in the future to optimize prostheses performance. Numerical analysis of the used uncemented femoral stem demonstrated that small stresses and strains are generated under working load conditions indicating that a proper factor of safety is obtained for the static conditions tested in the present study.