RESUMO A mineração expõe à superfície material genericamente denominado de substrato, que possui atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos diferentes do solo natural. O lodo de estações de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) é a principal fonte de matéria orgânica utilizada na recuperação de áreas mineradas no Distrito Federal. Apesar de as tecnologias de recuperação afetarem positivamente o substrato minerado, seus efeitos sobre a disponibilidade de água para a vegetação foram pouco estudados. Diante disso, este estudo objetivou verificar se a disponibilidade de água em um substrato de mineração de cascalho foi alterada pela aplicação de lodo de ETE. Três materiais foram investigados: substrato minerado sem aplicação de lodo, substrato minerado com aplicação de lodo e solo sob Cerrado original. Esses materiais foram caracterizados por meio da granulometria, densidade aparente, porosidade total, microporosidade, macroporosidade, condutividade hidráulica saturada, teor volumétrico de água à capacidade de campo e ponto de murcha permanente. Posteriormente, monitorou-se, nesses materiais, o teor volumétrico de água e de ar durante 22 semanas. Os resultados indicaram que o substrato minerado armazenou água acima da capacidade de campo durante 86% do período investigado e o teor de ar permaneceu em níveis críticos durante 55% do mesmo período. A incorporação de lodo de ETE e a colonização de plantas aumentaram os valores de condutividade hidráulica na saturação (Ksat) e reduziu o período em que a água se manteve armazenada à capacidade de campo. Todavia, o regime de umidade do substrato tratado com lodo de ETE se manteve dissimilar ao do solo original usado como referência.

ABSTRACT Mining exposes to surface a material generically called substrate, which has different physical, chemical and biological attributes compared to natural soils. The wastewater sludge (WWS) is the main source of organic matter used in reclamation works of mines in the Federal District of Brazil. Reclamation works positively affect mine substrate but their effects on water availability (AW) have been little studied. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of WWS into a mine substrate on its hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and AW. Samples of a mine substrate exposed to surface, the same material treated with wastewater sludge and soil under natural Savanna vegetation were collected and analyzed for bulk density, granulometry, total porosity, microporosity, macroporosity, saturated Ksat, volumetric water content at field capacity (FC) and at permanent wilt point (PWP). Subsequently, volumetric water and air content were monitored on the field for 22 weeks. Results showed that the substrate exposed by mining presented water content above FC during 86% of the investigation period and air content at critic levels during 55% of the same period. The incorporation of WWS and subsequent plant colonization increased Ksat values and shortened the period in which water was store at FC. However, the moisture regime in the substrate treaded with WWS remained dissimilar to that of the original soil used as reference.

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar e discutir casos de artrodese interfalangeana proximal em equinos atendidos em um Hospital Veterinário no Brasil. Os prontuários de sete equinos submetidos à artrodese interfalangeana proximal foram analisados quanto à indicação, técnica e complicações, entre 2011 e 2019. As informações sobre os desfechos de curto e longo prazo foram obtidas pela avaliação dos prontuário e entrevista telefônica com os proprietários. Em um dos sete cavalos submetidos à artrodese cirúrgica foi utilizado implantes DCP, e nos demais, LCP. A alta hospitalar foi registrada em 71,4% (5/7), com média de permanência hospitalar de 79±45 dias. A imobilização externa durou 59±26 dias. O contato com os proprietários foi possível em quatro casos, dos quais, em dois, os animais voltaram às suas funções. A artrodese interfalangeana proximal pode melhorar a qualidade de vida dos equinos, principalmente quando se considera a intervenção precoce, minimizando as chances de complicações pós-operatórias imediatas. Casos adicionais devem ser avaliados ao longo prazo para melhor caracterizar os resultados desse procedimento no Brasil.

ABSTRACT: This study discussed several cases of proximal interphalangeal arthrodesis in horses at a veterinary hospital in Brazil. The medical records of seven horses that underwent proximal interphalangeal arthrodesis between 2011 and 2019 were analyzed for indication, technique, and complications. Short- and long-term outcomes were obtained from both the medical records and telephone interviews with the owners. A dynamic compression plate (DCP) was used in one of the seven horses that underwent surgical arthrodesis, and locking compression plates (LCP) were used in the others. Hospital discharge was recorded in 71.4% (5/7) of the horses, with an average hospital stay of 79 ± 45 days. Casting was maintained for 59 ± 26 days. Contact with owners was possible in four cases, two of which regained their prior level of function. The proximal interphalangeal arthrodesis may improve a horse’s well-being, especially when it is considered an early intervention, minimizing the chances of immediate postoperative complications. Additional cases of surgical arthrodesis should be evaluated in long term to better characterize the outcomes of this procedure in Brazil.

The preparation, characterization, theoretical calculations and biological application of four RuII complexes with 2-picolinate (pic), 2,2’-bipyridine (bipy) and P-P as ligands [P-P = 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm-1), 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe-2), 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp-3) or 1,1’-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf-4)], is here presented. The complexes 1-4, with general formula [Ru(pic)(P-P)(bipy)]PF6, were characterized by elemental analysis and by infrared (IR), UV-Vis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR 1H and 13P{1H}) spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry and X-ray crystallography technique. Additionally, preliminary in vitro tests against human breast (MDA-MB-231) and murine ascitic sarcoma 180 (S180) tumor cell lines were carried out, and compared with cisplatin, a reference drug. The drug concentration at which 50% of the cells are viable relative to the control (IC50) values found for complexes 1, 2, 3 and 4 against MDA-MB-231 tumor cells were around 14.6, 7.6, 3.3 and 0.4 µM, respectively, while against S180 tumor cells these complexes showed IC50 values of 71.9, 31.3, 11.2 and 3.5 µM, respectively. Therefore, the complexes were more active against MDA-MB-231 than S180.

Resumo Dominância de espécies exóticas invasoras e compactação de substratos minerados são filtros ecológicos que geralmente restringem o estabelecimento e o crescimento de espécies nativas de plantas em jazidas mineradas. O entendimento dos mecanismos de atuação e a eliminação desses filtros são de grande importância para a restauração ecológica de ecossistemas. Visando melhorar a condição ecológica de uma jazida tratada com lodo de esgoto dominada por Urochloa brizantha (Braquiarão) e com a superfície compactada, dois tratamentos foram aplicados em parcelas experimentais para se analisarem os efeitos da atenuação desses filtros sobre o recrutamento de plantas: uso de herbicida para redução da dominância de U. brizantha e escarificação mecanizada da superfície compactada, aplicados individualmente e combinados. A atenuação da dominância de U. brizanthae a descompactação da superfície minerada fomentaram o recrutamento de 29 espécies de plantas, 66% das quais descritas como espécies exóticas e invasoras do Cerrado. Os tratamentos aplicados individualmente ou combinados resultaram na formação de biocenoses mais ricas em espécies e mais biodiversas em comparação às parcelas usadas como controle. A cobertura de U. brizantha se recuperou até o final do período chuvoso nas parcelas que receberam os dois tratamentos, mas o recrutamento de espécies que permaneceram sobre a cobertura de U. brizantha melhorou a condição ecológica nas parcelas experimentais.

Abstract The dominance of invasive species and the compaction of mine surfaces are ecological filters that usually restrict the establishment and growth of native plant species. The understanding of ecological filter mechanisms aiming to overcome their effects on the ecological succession is crucial for the ecological restoration of ecosystems. In order to evaluate the effects of reducing the intensity of the surface compaction and the grass dominance on the plant recruitment, we set up 24 experimental plots at six repetitions in a mine dominated by Urochloa brizantha. Treatments consisted in control (T1), herbicide application on U. brizantha (T2), mechanized plowing to ameliorate surface compaction (T3), and the combination of T2 and T3 (T4). Results showed that the chemical attenuation of U. brizantha dominance and surface decompaction allowed the recruitment of 29 plant species, 66% of which are invasive species, exotic to the Cerrado biome. However, the treatments T2, T3, and T4 resulted in the formation of richer and more diverse plant communities in comparison to the plots used as control (T1). U. brizantha cover redeveloped after both surface unpacking and herbicide application, but the plant species that recruited on U. brizantha cover in the meantime improved the ecological condition in experimental plots.

This study shows a preparation and evaluation of a new non-expensive TiO2 based photocatalyst built over sand grains surfaces as an alternative green technology for water treatment. The semiconductor covalently bonded to the silica sand grains (sand@TiO2) prepared by hydrolysis of isopropoxide orthotitane over sand grains, showed a high surface area 296 m2 g-1 and a high reaction rate for methylene blue (MB) photodegradation (0.064 min-1), on steady state condition by using 3 g of sand@TiO2 and an MB solution (20 mL, 3 × 10-5 mol L-1) or ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) solution (20 mL, 1.9 × 10-3 mol L-1). Under UV irradiation with a medium pressure Hg lamp, the total MB removal reached 70% after 7 min and 45% for CIP in 60 min. Further, the photocatalyst showed to be a promising reusable material for removal of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride antibiotic (CIP) on wastewater. This new material appears as a new promising low cost and low impact reusable catalyst for water treatment.

Abstract This study has evaluated the richness of Cerrado woody species engaged in ecological restoration in the Brazilian Federal District (BFD). A survey gathered information on plant species traded by local nurseries, species recommended in restoration plans (PRADs), species effectively introduced in areas under restoration, and species present in preserved fragments of Cerrado. Results summed 566 Cerrado woody species from 80 botanical families of which 171 species were traded by local nurseries, 277 were recommended in PRADs, 190 were effectively used in restoration projects, and 434 species were sampled in fragments of native Cerrado. We found low similarity between species composition available in nurseries, recommended in PRADs, used in restoration projects and present in preserved fragments of native Cerrado. Such results indicate a poor connection between steps related to the selection of native woody species that make up initial plant communities on sites under ecological restoration.

ABSTRACT With homicide rates higher than the world average, Brazil stands out as one of the most violent countries worldwide. Time of death estimation based solely on body changes can be biased or inaccurate; forensic entomology can play a determinant role in such cases. Accurate knowledge of necrophilous fauna is essential to validate experimental data and allows for the application of entomological evidence in forensic investigations, which benefits scientists, investigators, and society in general. Entomological evidence from Curitiba and 22 nearby cities were collected by crime scene investigators from the Scientific Police of Paraná. The corpses were found in diverse environments and specimens from each species were collected from all life stages. We present data from 25 cases from 2011 to 2014, including associated species, new records, and comparisons between existing experimental data and data from species collected in the cases presented. We identified 23 total species, of which eight species of Coleoptera and two species of Diptera have not previously been recorded on corpses. In all cases, Calliphoridae (76%) and Silphidae (48%) were the most numerous families collected. Working together with the scientific police gave us insight into which species lacked detailed records and enabled us to collaboratively focus on resolving deficits in our knowledge of necrophagous insects.

Resumo Atividades antrópicas têm causado danos ao Cerrado, segundo maior bioma do Brasil. Entre as formações vegetais mais ameaçadas do bioma Cerrado, destaca-se a Mata de Galeria. Programas de recuperação tentam restaurar essa fitofisionomia, mas ervas invasoras dificultam o estabelecimento e o desenvolvimento de espécies nativas lenhosas. Nesse cenário, cerca de 2 ha da Mata de Galeria do Córrego Cabeça de Veado, na área do Jardim Botânico de Brasília, fora desmatada para a prática de agricultura de subsistência e, posteriormente, a área foi dominada por Melinis minutiflora Beauv. (capim-gordura). Algumas tentativas de restauração do local falharam devido à competição dessa erva com as mudas arbóreas plantadas. Dessa forma, este trabalho visou avaliar o efeito do uso de mantas geotêxteis na sobrevivência e desenvolvimento de mudas de espécies arbóreas plantadas em um trecho de Mata de Galeria infestado por capim-gordura. Na área de estudo foram plantadas mudas arbóreas de trinta espécies nativas do Cerrado. Metade das mudas recebeu manta geotêxtil e a outra metade das mudas não recebeu essa proteção. Quatro levantamentos foram efetuados, quando se mediram a sobrevivência, a altura e o diâmetro das mudas. Os resultados indicaram que as mantas geotêxteis aumentaram em 19,6% a sobrevivência de plantas e que sete das trinta espécies apresentaram maior incremento alométrico com o uso de mantas geotêxteis. Duas espécies se desenvolveram mais sem a presença de mantas geotêxteis e o incremento de metade das espécies não foi significativamente afetado pelo uso desse protetor.

Abstract Human activities have caused damage to Cerrado, the second largest Brazilian biome. Among the most threatened Cerrado phyto-physiognomies stand out gallery forests. Many projects have aimed at gallery forest restoration, but herb invasion hinders the establishment and development of Cerrado woody species.In this scenario, 2 ha of gallery forest along Cabeça de Veado stream within the Brasília Botanical Garden were cleared for subsistence agriculture and the area was subsequently dominated by Melinis minutiflora Beauv. (molasses grass). Some attempts at site restoration have failed due to competition between M. minutiflora and planted tree seedlings. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of using geotextile collars made of natural fibers on survival and development of Cerrado tree seedlings introduced in the area dominated by molasses grass. Seedlings of third native tree species were planted in holes chemically fertilized, and half of seedlings received geotextile collars while the other half did not for experimental control purpose. Four surveys were carried out, when survival, seedling height and diameter were measured. Results indicate that the geotextile collars increased seedlings survival in 19.6% and seven out third species achieved greater al-lometric increment from the use of geotextile collars. Increments of two species were higher in the absence of collars and the increment of half of species was not significantly affect by the geotextile protection.

ABSTRACT We evaluated the recruitment of plant species and their relation with edaphic attributes in a mine revegetated with sewage sludge in the Brazilian Federal District. Plant species in the revegetated mine and in remaining portions of Cerrado (savanna) within the mined landscape were sampled and identified. Then, samples of revegetated substrate and soils from Cerrado portions were collected, analyzed for chemical attributes and submitted to statistical tests. Results indicated that the remaining portions of Cerrado were colonized by 91 species (22% allochthonous species), and the revegetated substrate housed 62 species (55% allochthonous species). Multivariate tests showed that the edaphic condition built from the incorporation of sewage sludge into the mining substrate acted as filter on the assemblage of plant species. Despite the two study sites shared the same landscape, the Cerrado portions and the revegetated substrate did not share similar plant communities after a decade from mine rehabilitation works.

ABSTRACT The vegetation cover development is an essential step towards the restoration of the ecosystems. In this work, we applied remote sensing to evaluate the temporal development of vegetation cover on exploited mines revegetated with five approaches: natural regeneration, tree plantation, cultivation of trees + herbs, topsoil replacement + tree plantation, and sewage sludge incorporation into mining substrate. Results showed that the natural regeneration approach would require a secular time to provide satisfactory vegetation cover on the exploited mine. Tree plantation required fifteen years to provide 80% of vegetation cover. The use of topsoil + trees or the incorporation of sewage sludge into mining substrates achieved the fastest development of vegetation cover (2.5-5 years) and the highest percentages of revegetated surface (80-95%). However, the floristic composition of vegetation covers is as important as their development, and some restoration approaches are reported to stimulate weed invasion while others prevent it.

Abstract Although a corpse can harbor several species of flies, only a few have been sufficiently studied to be used as forensic indicators. Sarcophagidae are an example of how the forensic use of insects can be impaired by taxonomic and biological data limitation. This manuscript provides the first record of the Neotropical flesh fly Microcerella halli (Engel, 1931) on a human body and its use in forensics. M. halli and Sarconesia chlorogaster (Widemann, 1830) were sampled from a body located indoors at 20 °C. Only M. halli was used to estimate the mPMI (minimum post mortem interval) because it was the oldest larval stage on the corpse. Based on the development time of M. halli we estimate an mPMI of at least 10 days. In addition, we provide for the first time a case in which a flesh fly was the main source of entomological evidence in Southern Brazil. We also provide evidence that Sarcophagidae arrived before Calliphoridae in this case, an unusual successional pattern.

This paper describes a new series of four DNA-intercalating agents with promising anticancer activities, based on ruthenium(II) with the planar ligand dpqQX (dpqQX = dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]quinoxaline[2,3-b]quinoxaline). The complexes identified as trans-[RuCl2(dppb)(dpqQX)], cis-[RuCl2(dppb)(dpqQX)], ct-[RuCl(CO)(dppb)(dpqQX)]PF6 and ct-[RuCl2(PPh3)2(dpqQX)] (dppb = 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphine)butane and PPh3 = triphenylphosphine) were characterized by 31P{1H} nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, molar conductance measurements, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry and X-ray diffraction analysis for complex ct-[RuCl2(PPh3)2(dpqQX)]. Their in vitro cytotoxic activities against MDA-MB-213 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells were evaluated and compared with normal L-929 cells. Low drug concentration at which 50% of the cells are viable relative to the control (IC50) values were obtained for all four complexes compared with a reference metallodrug, cisplatin. In addition, DNA affinity studies from titrations, as well as the images obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) involving pBR322 plasmid DNA, suggest interactions between the metal complexes and the DNA macromolecule, in which they act as intercalating agents. The intercalation of the complexes with DNA was confirmed by viscosity measurements.

Resumo Propõe-se, com este trabalho, apresentar o desenvolvimento de um modelo de otimização de periodicidade dos planos de manutenção preventiva de ativos industriais por meio do estudo da vida útil dos sistemas, fundamentado pelo uso, tempo, condição, custos. A modelagem matemática utilizada foi implementada computacionalmente por meio do MATLAB. O objetivo do modelo é proporcionar maior confiabilidade às instalações, alinhadas ao resultado financeiro do negócio. A linha de pesquisa está integrada ao processo de gerenciamento de manutenção centrada em confiabilidade (MCC).

Abstract This study aims to present the development of a model for optimization of periodicity in the preventive maintenance plans of industrial assets, through the study of the lifespan of systems justified by use, time, condition, and costs. The mathematical modeling used was implemented computationally using the MATLAB® software. The aim of this model is to provide increased reliability to the facilities, in line with the financial results of the business. The line of research is integrated into the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) management process.

The [Ru(Spym)(bipy)(P–P)]PF6, [Spym = pyrimidine-2-thiolate anion; P–P = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane and 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene] complexes were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic, electrochemical and elemental analysis, and by X-ray crystallography. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the complex concentration causing 50% tumor cell growth inhibition (IC50) against breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, were determined. All three compounds gave promising values in both tests. It is interesting to mention that all three complexes display MICs against Mycobacteriumtuberculosis showing higher activity than cycloserine, a second line drug used in the treatment of the illness. The complexes interact weakly with the DNA.

ABSTRACT Biosolids have been produced by various stabilization processes of sewage sludge, but little attention has been given to the effects of such treatments on their effectiveness to supply nitrogen for plant growth. Here, we investigated these effects by cultivating Lolium perenne (ryegrass) in two Australian soils, a sandy Spodosol and a clayey Oxisol. Biosolids stabilized by either aerobic digestion, composting, CaO-liming, 250 oC heat-drying or solar irradiation of domestic sewage sludge were applied to soils at 10 increasing rates (0.25-8.0 dry Mg ha-1), and chemically fertilized soils were used as reference. Results showed that the stabilization processes affected biosolids-N agronomic rates and effectiveness to yield plant biomass, which was a function of organic-N contents mineralized in soils. In the short term, biosolids were from 1/5 (digested biosolids in Oxisol) to over twice (solar-irradiated biosolids in Spodosol) as effective as chemical fertilizer to produce a first single harvest. As long-term N-sources, they significantly increased the effectiveness to produce plant biomass, being from 2.0 to 4.1 times more effective than chemical fertilizer in Spodosol and 1.5-2.4 times in Oxisol. Biosolids could substitute for N fertilizer with similar or higher effectiveness to yield plant biomass, depending on the sewage sludge stabilization process, soil type and cultivation term considered. Therefore, the sound management of sewage products as N sources for crop production should consider the interaction among these factors rather than solely their N content.