RESUMO Investigações sobre as etapas de armazenamento e secagem na pós-colheita de frutos de macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. Mart) ainda são incipientes. Desta forma, objetivou-se estudar o efeito da secagem na qualidade do óleo de amêndoas de macaúba durante o armazenamento. A secagem foi realizada em três condições de ar: 40; 50 e 60 ºC. Foram utilizadas quatro repetições para cada temperatura. Após a secagem, as amêndoas foram armazenadas durante 0; 60; 120; 240 e 360 dias, e em cada período, foram realizadas as seguintes análises físico-químicas: teor de óleo da amêndoa; índice de acidez; estabilidade oxidativa; atividade de água e cor do óleo. O aumento no período de armazenamento ocasionou elevação no índice de acidez e redução na estabilidade oxidativa do óleo para todos os tratamentos. Os valores médios de atividade de água no óleo variaram de 0.56 - 0.68. Os valores médios das coordenadas L* e b*, não diferiram do controle, com exceção dos períodos de armazenamento de 0 e 60 dias. Com relação à coordenada a*, houve diferença entre os processos de secagem, quando comparados ao controle. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para o teor de óleo. Conclui-se que a secagem pode ser tornar ferramenta eficiente no controle da qualidade do óleo de amêndoa ao longo do armazenamento.

ABSTRACT Studies of post-harvest storage and drying in macauba fruit (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. Mart) are still in the early stages. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of drying on the quality of macauba kernel oil during storage. Drying was carried out under three different air temperatures: 40°C, 50°C and 60°C. Four replications were used for each temperature. After drying, the kernels were stored for 0, 60, 120, 240 and 360 days, and the following physico-chemical analyses were carried out for each period: kernel oil content, acidity index, oxidative stability, water activity and oil colour. An increase in storage time resulted in an increase in the acidity index and a reduction in the oxidative stability of the oil in all treatments. The mean value for water activity in the oil ranged from 0.56 to 0.68. The mean values of the L* and b* coordinates did not differ from the control, except for the storage times of 0 and 60 days. There was a difference in the a* coordinate between the drying processes when compared to the control. No significant differences were seen for oil content. It was concluded that drying can be efficient tool in controlling the quality of kernel oil during storage.

ABSTRACT. Knowledge of the relationship between the equilibrium moisture content of the product and the air that involves it is essential to guarantee product quality and preserve its characteristics during storage. This trend can be studied by sorption isotherms. Thus, this study aimed to obtain desorption and adsorption isotherms of soybean grains to determine the mathematical model that best fits the experimental data and analyze the hysteresis phenomenon. Soybean grains with a moisture content of 21.95% (db) were used to verify the desorption process. The grains were dried until 3.50% (db) for the adsorption process. The static-gravimetric method was employed to determine the equilibrium moisture content of the grain at different temperatures (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50°C) and relative humidity levels (0.10 to 0.92%). Eight mathematical models were fitted to the experimental data. The modified Halsey model satisfactorily represented the desorption and adsorption phenomena of soybean grains. The equilibrium moisture content of soybean grains increased along with an increment in water activity. The increase in temperature led to a reduction in the equilibrium moisture content of soybean grains at a constant water activity. The equilibrium moisture content values obtained by desorption are higher than those obtained by adsorption, indicating the hysteresis phenomenon at the studied temperature range. The isotherms obtained for the desorption and adsorption process were classified as type III because of the high oil content in soybean grains.

RESUMO O estudo da cinética de secagem é fundamental para a correta escolha do tempo e da temperatura utilizadas no processo. Além disso, a modelagem matemática possibilita a simulação, a otimização, o dimensionamento e a determinação da aplicação comercial do sistema de secagem. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se investigar a cinética e a modelagem matemática da secagem de amêndoas de macaúba [Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart] em diferentes temperaturas. A secagem foi realizada em três temperaturas: 40 °C, 50 °C, e 60 °C. Foram utilizadas quatro repetições para cada temperatura. Os dados experimentais se ajustaram em nove diferentes modelos matemáticos. A escolha do melhor modelo baseou-se nos seguintes parâmetros estatísticos: magnitude do coeficiente de determinação ajustado, magnitude do erro médio relativo e erro padrão da estimativa. O incremento da temperatura de secagem resultou na redução no tempo de secagem. O menor tempo de secagem foi observado no tratamento com temperatura de 60 °C, onde as amêndoas desse tratamento atingiram o teor de água de equilíbrio em 34,08 h. Já o maior tempo de secagem foi observado no tratamento 40 °C, com as amêndoas atingindo a umidade de equilíbrio em 404,40 h. Os modelos de Aproximação de Difusão, Midilli, Page e Page Modificado foram os mais adequados para descrever o fenômeno de secagem de amêndoas de macaúba, e subsidiar o dimensionamento de secadores industriais.

ABSTRACT The study of drying kinetics is fundamental for making the correct choice of time and temperature to be used in the drying process. In addition, mathematical modeling enables the simulation, optimization, sizing, and determination of the commercial application of the drying system. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the kinetics and mathematical modeling of the drying process of macaúba almond [Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart] performed at different temperatures. For this purpose, the drying was performed under three different temperatures: 40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C. Four repetitions were performed for each temperature. The experimental data were fitted by nine different mathematical models. The choice of the best model was based on the following statistical parameters: magnitude of the adjusted coefficient of determination, magnitude of the mean relative error, and standard error of the estimate. It was observed that an increase in the drying temperature resulted in a reduction of drying time. The shortest drying time was observed in the treatment performed under 60 °C in which the almonds attained equilibrium moisture content at 34.08 h. The longest drying time was observed in the treatment performed under 40 °C, with the almonds attaining equilibrium moisture content at 404.40 h. Approximation of Diffusion, Midilli, Page, and Modified Page were the models that best described the drying process of macaúba almonds with the aim of subsidizing the design of industrial dryers.

Resumo A escoabilidade dos produtos agrícolas é importante fator a ser considerado na pós-colheita, impactando diretamente no número de operações e no dimensionamento de maquinários. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar e determinar o coeficiente K e as propriedades de fluxo de grãos de café em função de diferentes níveis de torra, granulometria, temperatura e tempo de armazenamento. Grãos de café foram torrados nos níveis média clara e moderadamente escura, e depois moídos nas granulometrias fina, média e grossa. Um lote adicional de grãos de café não foi moído. As amostras foram armazenadas a 10 °C e 30 °C e analisadas durante o armazenamento (0, 30, 60, 120 e 180 dias) em relação aos parâmetros: coeficientes interno e externo de atrito, ângulo de atrito interno, ângulo de atrito interno efetivo, ângulo de atrito com a parede (concreto, aço e madeira) e o coeficiente de pressão lateral (coeficiente K). O ângulo de atrito interno variou significativamente com a granulometria e o nível de torra. A torra moderadamente escura e a granulometria fina obtiveram maiores valores (ao redor de 29,5 °) de ângulo de atrito com a parede. Quanto ao material em que as amostras foram colocadas, a madeira foi o material no qual as amostras apresentaram os maiores valores de ângulo de atrito com a parede, seguidas pelas amostras colocadas no concreto e no aço, quando comparadas na mesma temperatura de armazenamento, no mesmo nível de torra e na mesma granulometria. Os grãos de café inteiros foram classificados como de fluxo livre. A granulometria fina levou a um fluxo coesivo, de acordo com a função fluxo. Café torrado em média clara, inteiro, requer estruturas de armazenagem que suportem maior pressão, de acordo com os valores do coeficiente K.

Abstract Flowability of agricultural products is an important factor to be considered at post-harvest, thus impacting directly on number of operations and the design of machinery. This study aimed to evaluate and determine the K coefficient and flow properties as a function of different levels of roasting, grain size, temperature and storage. Coffee beans were roasted at medium light and moderately dark, then ground at fine, medium and coarse sizes. An additional coffee lot was not ground. Samples were stored at 10 ºC and 30 ºC and analyzed during storage (0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 days), regarding internal and external friction coefficients, angle of internal friction, effective angle of internal friction, wall friction angle (concrete, rough steel and wood) and lateral pressure coefficient (K coefficient). Angle of internal friction varied significantly due to particle size and roast degree. Moderately dark roast with fine particle size led to higher values (about 29.5 º) of wall friction angle. The wood sample was the material with the highest values of wall friction angle, followed by the concrete and steel samples, when compared at the same storage temperature, roast degree and particle size. Whole coffee was classified as free-flowing. Fine particle size leads to cohesive flow characteristic, according to the flow function. Coffee roasted at medium light, kept whole requires storage facilities with higher pressure support, accordingly to the K coefficient values.

ABSTRACT South Atlantic deep waters provide a huge diversity of habitats, with variations in areas such as geology, macrofauna, microbiology, physics, and chemistry. However, most of the data lacks central organization, important for subsequent deep-sea research, especially considering the multidisciplinary approaches and comparisons of the South Atlantic with other oceanic basins. Given the rising interest in commercial exploration off the deep-sea, especially with respect to hydrocarbon extraction and mining, there is an urgent need for a centralized repository of information with tools to collect and share geospatial data to support the conservation of this important oceanographic region. The main objective of this manuscript is to present an integrative database in WebGIS format for South Atlantic deep waters, open to further development in terms of data input, reliant on researcher collaboration, and with tools for ongoing maintenance and usability improvement driven by user feedback. The WebGIS format provides an open access, cost-free, feature-rich, and easy to use database through any Internet browser to reach the greatest number of researchers and students possible. The ABYSSAL database can be accessed at http://abyssal.io.usp.br. habitats geology macrofauna microbiology physics chemistry However organization deepsea sea research basins deepsea, sea, mining region input collaboration feedback access costfree, costfree cost free, free cost-free featurerich, featurerich feature rich, rich feature-rich possible http//abyssal.io.usp.br. httpabyssaliouspbr http //abyssal.io.usp.br. abyssal io usp br http://abyssal.io.usp.br http//abyssal.io.usp.br abyssaliouspbr //abyssal.io.usp.br

ABSTRACT This study aimed to fit mathematical models to whey foam drying processes in different air temperature conditions, to determine the effective diffusion coefficient and to obtain the activation energy. For foam formation, 5.0% Emustab® was added to the serum in mass and subjected to stirring in a domestic shaker for 15 min. After, it was spread onto trays to form a thin layer of about 1 cm in which the drying conditions were: 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 °C, 5.6 m s-1 and 60%. The Logarithm and Midilli models describe the kinetics of serum foam drying; the effective diffusion coefficient increased with the elevation of drying temperature and activation energy of 50.84 kJ mol-1.

RESUMEN El rendimiento de la soya (Glycine max) puede verse influenciado por la elección del material genético, junto con el uso de una población de plantas adecuada y la selección de semillas de alta calidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las características agronómicas y fisiológicas de cultivares de soya y sus semillas, según diferentes poblaciones de plantas. Para ello, se realizó un experimento durante la cosecha 2017/2018, bajo condiciones de campo, en un diseño de bloques al azar en un arreglo factorial 3 x 4 con cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos consistieron en tres cultivares de soya, TMG2181 IPRO, M 7739 IPRO y BMX Power IPRO, en cuatro densidades de población: 180,000; 220,000; 280,000 y 320,000 plantas ha-1. Se evaluaron las características agronómicas de las plantas (altura de la planta, diámetro del tallo, número de ramas, número de vainas por planta, número de semillas por planta, número de semillas por vaina, peso de 100 semillas y rendimiento de semilla) y la calidad fisiológica (germinación, primer conteo de germinación, longitud de la plántula, masa vegetal seca de la parte aérea y raíz y prueba de envejecimiento acelerado) de estas semillas. El experimento mostró que las características agronómicas de los cultivares de soya y sus semillas variaron de acuerdo con los genotipos y que estas expresiones fenotípicas pueden alterarse según la población de plantas. El cultivar indeterminado BMX Power IPRO obtuvo un mayor rendimiento de semilla en comparación con los cultivares semideterminados y determinados M 7739 IPRO y TMG2181 IPRO, principalmente debido a la conformación y tamaño de las plantas en el campo. El cultivar indeterminado BMX Power IPRO mostró mayor promedio de germinación y dureza de la semilla, y produjo plántulas normales con buena tasa de crecimiento inicial y peso seco. El rendimiento y la calidad de las semillas de soya no se vieron afectados por la población de plantas.

ABSTRACT Soybean (Glycine max) yield can be influenced by the choice of genetic material along with the use of an adequate plant population and selection of high-quality seeds. This study aimed to evaluate agronomic and physiological characteristics of soybean cultivars and their seeds according to different plant populations. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted during the 2017/2018 harvest, under field conditions, in a randomized block design in a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement with four replicates. The treatments consisted of three soybean cultivars, TMG2181 IPRO, M 7739 IPRO, and BMX Power IPRO, at four population densities: 180,000; 220,000; 280,000 and 320,000 plants ha-1. The agronomic characteristics of the plants (plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, weight of a 100 seeds and seed yield) and physiological quality (germination, first count of germination, seedling length, dry mass of the shoot and root, and accelerated aging test) of these seeds were evaluated. The experiment showed that the agronomic characteristics of soybean cultivars and their seeds varied according to the genotypes, and that these phenotypic expressions can be altered according to the plant population. The indeterminate cultivar BMX Power IPRO obtained higher seed yield compared to the semi-determinate and determinate cultivars M 7739 IPRO and TMG2181 IPRO, mainly due to their field conformation and size. The indeterminate cultivar BMX Power IPRO showed higher average germination and seed hardiness and produced normal seedlings with good initial growth rate and dry weight. The yield and quality of soybean seeds were not affected by plant population.

ABSTRACT In drying processes and in the storage of agricultural products, the study of thermodynamic properties is indispensable in the search for solutions to issues of stability and optimization of the conditions of agro-industrial processes. The aim of this work was to determine hygroscopic equilibrium isotherms and study the thermodynamic properties of white bean grains submitted to different equilibrium temperatures and relative humidity levels. Phaseolus vulgaris L. grains were used, with an initial water content of 0.142 (dry basis), temperature variations ranging between 18 and 50 °C, and relative humidity between 19% and 78%. Fifteen mathematical models were tested to determine the hygroscopic equilibrium isotherms, and the Sigma model was the one that best suited the experimental data. The thermodynamic properties of the beans were determined from Sigma-Copace model. The integral isosteric heat of desorption and the differential entropy increased with the reduction of the water content, and the phenomenon of water desorption of white bean grains was a non-spontaneous process controlled by enthalpy.

Objectives: This study aims to describe the actions carried out by the epidemiological surveillance system in Belo Horizonte to address the COVID-19 epidemic and the timeless of the data for detecting transmission in 2020. Methods: The sources of information used by the epidemiological surveillance of the municipality for COVID-19 were identified and the temporal distribution and interval for detection of confirmed cases of the disease were analyzed. Results: The city's epidemiological surveillance uses outpatient, hospital, public and private laboratory notifications as data sources. For reporting COVID-19 cases in official information systems, there is also an active search of laboratory results linked to suspected deaths investigated. From January to April 2020, 1,449 hospitalized cases of COVID-19 were reported, the first case being detected in late February 2020. Of the total 1,025 laboratory samples of cases hospitalized after the 8th epidemiological week, 87 (8.5%) of COVID-19 cases were confirmed. The median time between the onset of symptoms and the release of laboratory results was 12 days for the analyzed period. Conclusion: Epidemiological surveillance uses several data sources to monitor and analyze the transmission of COVID-19. The timeliness of this system to detect cases of the disease is compromised by the delay in the release of laboratory results, which has been a considerable challenge for adequate surveillance.

Objetivos: Descrever as ações realizadas pela vigilância epidemiológica da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Belo Horizonte para enfrentamento da epidemia de COVID-19 e avaliar a oportunidade para detecção precoce da transmissão da doença durante o período compreendido entre 1 de janeiro a 24 de abril de 2020. Métodos: Foram identificadas as fontes de informação utilizadas pela vigilância epidemiológica do município para a COVID-19 e analisadas a distribuição temporal e oportunidade para detecção dos casos confirmados da doença. Resultados: A vigilância epidemiológica do município utiliza fontes de notificações ambulatoriais, hospitalares, de laboratórios públicos e privados, além de busca ativa com cruzamento de dados laboratoriais na investigação de óbitos suspeitos, sendo os casos confirmados de COVID-19 informados em sistemas de informação oficiais. Foram notificados 1.449 casos internados, sendo o primeiro caso detectado no final de fevereiro de 2020. Do total de 1.025 amostras laboratoriais de casos internados após a semana epidemiológica 8, foram confirmados 87 casos (8,5%) por COVID-19. A mediana de tempo entre o início dos sintomas e liberação dos resultados laboratoriais foi de 12 dias. Conclusão: A vigilância epidemiológica utiliza várias fontes de dados para monitoramento e análise da transmissão da COVID-19. A oportunidade para detecção de casos da doença está comprometida pela demora na liberação dos resultados laboratoriais, sendo um desafio para a vigilância.

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ABSTRACT Knowledge regarding the static pressure drop in granular layers is of fundamental importance in the development of efficient drying and aeration projects of agricultural products. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of impurity contents on the static pressure drop in different bed depth of castor bean grains, as well as modify the mathematical models per the obtained experimental data and select the model that best represents this phenomenon. First, impurities in castor bean grains of the Guarani variety were eliminated and 6% of the moisture content (dry basis) was retained. The coarse impurity contents were obtained with 2%, 4%, and 6% of mass addition. The pressure drop in different bed depth of clean and impure castor bean grains were determined using an experimental determination equipment of pressure drop in bed depth with an airflow rate ranging 0.2 - 1.0 m3 s−1 m−2. The pressure drop linearly increases with an increase in the depth of the grain layer, and the increase in the airflow rate leads to an increased pressure drop in the castor bean grains layer. The impurity contents increase causes a reduction in pressure drop. The models that best represent castor beans grains pressure drop experimental data, without and with impurities, are Hukill & Ives (1955) and Nimkar & Chattopadhyay (2002), respectively.