Abstract The objective of this work was to characterize the genetic diversity, using ISSR markers, of 70 genotypes of five species of Passiflora spp. in Boyacá, Colombia. For molecular characterization, samples of young leaves were collected from 11 municipalities of the Boyacá department. Genetic similarity was used to cluster the genotypes by the UPGMA method, and genetic structure was evaluated by the Bayesian model. Eight ISSR primers produced 138 loci. The formed cluster consists of two populations, with most individuals of the same species but from different geographic origins. The percentage of polymorphic loci is higher than 80%. The average value of heterozygosity is between 0.29 and 0.36 for population I and II, respectively, and the values of polymorphic information content are low. A moderate genetic differentiation (0.16) and high gene flow (3.35) are observed.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a diversidade genética, por meio de marcadores ISSR, de 70 genótipos de cinco espécies de Passiflora spp. em Boyacá, Colômbia. Para a caracterização molecular, foram coletadas folhas jovens em 11 municípios do departamento de Boyacá. A similaridade genética foi utilizada para o agrupamento dos genótipos pelo método UPGMA, e a estrutura genética foi avaliada pelo modelo Bayesiano. Oito iniciadores ISSR produziram 138 locos. O agrupamento formado consiste de duas populações, com a maioria dos indivíduos da mesma espécie mas de diferentes origens geográficas. A percentagem de locos polimórficos é superior a 80%. O valor médio de heterozigosidade fica entre 0,29 e 0,36 para a população I e II, respectivamente, e os valores de conteúdo de informação polimórfica são baixos. Observa-se diferenciação genética moderada (0,16) e alto fluxo gênico (3,35).

ABSTRACT Chenopodium quinoa Willd. is an Andean crop with great nutritional value, economic potential, and a broad genetic and phenotypic diversity with adaptation to different conditions. In Colombia, C. quinoa is cultivated mainly in Cundinamarca, Nariño and Boyacá, where studies have been conducted to characterize the germplasm and lack of seed materials, some challenges for the quinoa crop. This work assessed agromorphological characteristics of 50 quinoa genotypes from the germplasm collection of Boyacá the using a completely randomized design on the farm in Tunja. The multivariate analysis followed by a clustering approach were conducted on agromorphological descriptors, in which 16 were qualitative descriptors (e.g, panicle shape, episperm color, leaf shape) and five quantitative descriptors (e.g, plant height, panicle number). The results showed that higher coefficients of variation were found in characteristics associated to yield. The principal component analysis (PCA) of the quantitative variables showed that the first two components explained 88 % of the total variation with the characteristics of plant height, length, diameter, and panicle number showing the highest variability. The quantitative characteristic clusters comprised length and diameter panicle, weight 1,000 seeds, and plant height, while the qualitative characteristic clusters comprised stem shape, branching habit, panicle shape, and color of the axils. The factorial analysis of mixed data discriminated the materials with outstanding morphoagronomic characteristics. Agromorphological characterization revealed a broad variability, which should be conserved and used in genetic improvement programs of C. quinoa.

ABSTRACT In this study, 55 tomato genotypes from different geographical regions were evaluated with ISSR markers (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats). The seven ISSR primers originated 63 amplified bands, of which 90.48% were polymorphic. The cluster analysis based on the Nei-Li similarity coefficient using the average genetic clustering method (UPGMA) revealed the conformation of five clusters at a level of similarity of 72%. The ISSR technique did not discriminate tomato genotypes according to the species or region of provenance. The STRUCTURE analysis and the dendrogram did not reveal a genetic structure in the population evaluated. The genotypes of the species of S. pimpinellifolium, S. l. cerasiforme, S. lycopersicum and S. peruvianum were found consistently grouped, showing a close genetic relationship among them. A high genetic variation among the individuals within each of the groups formed was suggested by the AMOVA. The ISSR markers were effective in assessing the genetic diversity and structure of populations of tomato genotypes. The high genetic variability found in this study indicates the valuable genetic potential present in tomato germplasm, especially of wild species, which could be used for future breeding programs of the species.

RESUMEN Capsicum spp es un cultivo hortícola de interés agronómico y es considerado como el cuarto vegetal de mayor importancia en el mundo, al ser una importante fuente nutricional, medicinal y generadora de empleo en los trópicos. En esta especie la variabilidad genética es amplia y con gran potencial el cual ha sido aprovechado para generar variedades sobresalientes. En este sentido, los programas de mejoramiento buscan diferentes alternativas que conduzcan a la integración de nuevas técnicas para acelerar la producción de variedades mejoradas con características agronómicas deseables, tales objetivos se pueden lograr con la producción de plantas haploides y doble haploides, por vía androgénica o ginogenética, siendo el enfoque más utilizado la androgénesis para cultivos de pimentón. El propósito de esta revisión es dar a conocer los resultados de diferentes investigaciones en la obtención de haploides y doble haploides en cultivares de Capsicum spp. y su impacto en el mejoramiento genético de este cultivo.

ABSTRACT Capsicum spp. is a horticultural crop of agronomic interest and is considered the fourth most important vegetable in the world. It is an important nutritional and medicinal source, and its production generates employment in the tropics. In this species, the genetic variability is wide and with great potential, which has been exploited to generate outstanding varieties. Breeding programs seek different alternatives to accelerate the production of improved varieties with desirable agronomic characteristics. These objectives can be achieved with the production of haploid and doubled haploid plants via androgenesis or gynogenesis, being androgenesis the approach most used for paprika cultures. The purpose of this review is to present the results of different researches in obtaining haploids and doubled haploids in cultivars of Capsicum spp. and its impact on the genetic improvement of this crop.

ABSTRACT The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) plays an important role in the economy of some tropical countries; Colombia ranks first for production in Latin America and fifth in the world. The aim of this research was to characterize the genetic variability of 51 oil palm genotypes from the Congo with seven randomly amplified microsatellite markers RAM. As a result, 241 alleles were generated andthe number of polymorphic loci ranged from 46 to 14 for the ACA and CGA primers, respectively. High genetic diversity was found, with a total heterozygosity of 0.64, along with a high percentage of polymorphic loci, 89%. The coefficient of genetic differentiation (Fst) was 0.15, indicating that there was moderate genetic differentiation. The genetic diversity study differentiated the 51 genotypes into four groups with a similarity of 0.52. The RAM technique detected the genetic variability of the palm genotypes and showed a high degree of polymorphism and sensitivity for discrimination. These results provide information that can be used to develop conservation strategies for palm germplasm and breeding programs to obtain more productive palm genotypes with superior quality and tolerance to major diseases.

ABSTRACT Much of the diversity of tomato is found in wild forms, the most important being the Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme and S. pimpinellifolium. The objective of this research was to assess the genetic diversity of 30 introductions of cherry tomato with 36 microsatellite molecular markers. The study was conducted at the Plant Transformation Research Center (PTRC) of the University of California. A dendrogram was built using the Dice-Nei and Li similarity index and the UPGMA clustering method, where introductions were differentiated without preserving a distribution pattern obeying the geographical area of origin. A coefficient of genetic differentiation was found (Fst = 0.3474), showing a high genetic differentiation of the introductions; those from Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru were the most genetically diverse, presenting 100% of polymorphic loci. The molecular variance analysis indicated a variation of 11% between the groups and 89% within the same. The broad genotypic variability of the evaluated introductions favors the possibility of selecting those for genetic improvement and sustainable use of the species.