Abstract Moth flies of the subfamily Sycoracinae have been associated with anurans. Females of some species have been found feeding on the blood of these vertebrates. Here we describe a new species of the genus Sycorax Curtis from a preserved site of Amazon Forest in the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, with one male specimen collected in the dorsum of the frog Anomaloglossus stepheni (Martins).

Abstract Larvae of Psychodidae develop in a variety of breeding sites, including vertebrate feces. As searching for the larvae can be an extremely difficult task, immatures of many species are little known, with descriptions of coprophagous moth flies all from outside the Neotropics. In an attempt to mitigate this challenge, we tested an oviposition trap using cattle dung as attractant, measured the efficiency and specificity of the traps and the most efficient period of exposition in the field. With 60 traps installed in one fragment of ombrophilous forest, 344 immatures were collected, distributed in four species of Psychoda and one of Feuerborniella. Psychodidae accounted for 75% of the collected Diptera. The high specificity of the trap to Psychodidae contrasts with other studies on coprophagous fauna where they appear in low abundance. Based on the metrics in this study, the most efficient period of trapping exposition was between five to eight days, but the difference was not significant probably due to the high number of zero observations among the traps. Many questions pertaining to coprophagous moth flies remain unanswered. Further research is needed to improve trapping efficiency, elucidate the effects of attractants and determine how environmental factors influence the attractiveness of bait.

Abstract With a big territory and variety of biomes, Brazil is one of the most diverse countries in the World, with insects massively contributing to this diversity. Although presenting impressive numbers, many groups are poorly known concerning their diversity and distribution. Also, the knowledge of the species diversity is very heterogeneous when comparing Brazilian states and regions. With a recent review of part of Lawrence Quate’s collection deposited at Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, more than 70 new geographical records for Psychodidae species were found on the Neotropics, including one genus (Eurygarka) and seven species first recorded to Brazil. The complete known distribution of these species was compiled and is presented along with new records for other 11 countries of the Neotropical region. On the Brazilian territory, most of the new records are for the state of Rondônia, on the northern region, followed by Minas Gerais, on the southeastern region.

ABSTRACT A new species of Trichomyia from the state of Bahia, Brazil, is described and illustrated, and male and female are associated using DNA barcoding. Additionally, fragments of the COI of two other species, Trichomyia cerdosa Araújo & Bravo, 2016 and Trichomyia ituberensis Araújo & Bravo, 2016, and the females of two unidentified species, are sequenced.

Abstract In the diverse genus Psychoda, a great number of species are described based only on one sex, mainly for the difficulties of sexual association in this taxon. Immatures of coprophagous moth flies were captured on a sample of cow dung left exposed during five days at Reserva Ducke (Manaus, Brazil), in the Brazilian Amazon. The presence of Psychodidae larvae was confirmed with a stereomicroscope and the material was kept resting at room temperature until the emergence of adults. Male and females of Psychoda serraorobonensis Bravo, Cordeiro & Chagas, 2006 were obtained and associated by the morphology of the immatures and adults. The male of P. serraorobonensis is herein described and illustrated and the distribution of this species in Brasil is updated. This is the first data about the feeding habits of this species.

Resumen En el diverso género Psychoda, se describe un gran número de especies basadas solo en un sexo, principalmente por las dificultades de asociación sexual dentro de este taxón. Se capturaron inmaduros de polillas coprófagas en una muestra de excremento de vaca que quedó expuesta durante cinco días en Reserva Ducke (Manaus, Brasil), en la Amazonía brasileña. La presencia de larvas de Psychodidae se confirmó en un estereomicroscopio y el material se mantuvo en cautiverio a temperatura ambiente hasta la emergencia de los adultos. Se obtuvieron machos y hembras de Psychoda serraorobonensis Bravo, Cordeiro y Chagas, 2006 y se asociaron por la morfología de los inmaduros y adultos. El macho de P. serraorobonensis se describe e ilustra y se actualiza la distribución de esta especie en este documento. Este es el primer dato sobre los hábitos alimenticios de esta especie.

Com base em machos e fêmeas, Psychoda simillima Tonnoir, 1929 é redescrita, junto com uma discussão sobre a classificação genérica e subgenérica dessa espécie. Este é o primeiro registro dessa espécie para o Chile, assim como a primeira vez que a fêmea é descrita.

Based onmale and female, Psychoda simillima Tonnoir, 1929 is redescribed, with a discussion of generic and subgeneric classifications. This is the first record for Chile as well as the first description of a female for this species.

Uma nova espécie de Psychoda Latreille do Brasil é descrita. Este trabalho apresenta o primeiro registro de uma espécie vivípara no gênero Psychoda.

A new species of Psychoda Latreille from Brazil is described and illustrated, and represents the first record of viviparous species in the genus Psychoda.