Pesquisa | SciELO

This work describes a green synthesis, the characterization, and biological evaluation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The AgNPs suspension was synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Eucalyptus grandis, which presented a characteristic band at 407 nm in the UV-Vis spectrum. The AgNPs presented a spherical shape and size of 9.7 ± 0.3 nm. The nanoparticles were stable over a month, indicating that E. grandis’ extract is suitable for their preparation and stabilization. The X-ray analysis showed that the crystallinity of AgNPs corresponded to the centered face phase of silver. The antibacterial and leishmanicidal activities of AgNPs were evaluated. The AgNPs presented antibacterial activity on the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli at 53.9 µg mL-1. The leishmanicidal activity evaluation against promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum, Leishmania amazonensis, and Leishmania braziliensis showed that the biological response is dependent on the volume of AgNP suspension. It was demonstrated that L. infantum was more sensitive to the nanoparticle’s treatment than L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis. The treatment of L infantum promastigotes with 150 µL of AgNP suspension reduced parasite growth by 67.9%, a result which was similar to the treatment with 1 (66.7%) or 2 µL (70.6%) of amphotericin B used as a positive control.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220126

Xerostomia and dysgeusia in the elderly: prevalence of and association with polypharmacy
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Guimarães, Danielly de Mendonça

; Parro, Yeda Maria

; Muller, Herick Sampaio

; Coelho, Eduardo Barbosa

; Martins, Vicente de Paulo

; Santana, Rafael

; Lia, Érica Negrini

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences

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2023, Volume 22 elocation e236637

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Xerostomia is defined as the perception of dry mouth, and dysgeusia, as a change in taste. Both are common complaints in the elderly, especially among those making use of polypharmacy drug combinations. Aim This study aimed to determine the prevalence of xerostomia and dysgeusia and to investigate their association with polypharmacy in the elderly. Methods older people under follow-up at the Multidisciplinary Elderly Center of the University Hospital of Brasília were interviewed and asked about health problems, medications used, presence of xerostomia and dysgeusia. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the prevalence of the symptoms surveyed. The chi-square test was used to investigate the relationship between xerostomia and dysgeusia and polypharmacy. Secondary associations were performed using binomial logistic regression. Results Ninety-six older people were evaluated and of these, 62.5% had xerostomia and 21.1%, had dysgeusia. The average number of medications used was 4±3 medications per individual. Polypharmacy was associated with xerostomia but not dysgeusia. It was possible to associate xerostomia with the use of antihypertensive drugs. Conclusion Xerostomia was a frequent complaint among elderly people making use of polypharmacy, especially those using antihypertensives. Antihypertensives and antidepressants were used most drugs by the elderly and exhibited interactions with drugs most prescribed in Dentistry. Two contraindications were found between fluconazole and mirtazapine; and between erythromycin and simvastatin.

https://doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v22i00.8666637

A memória da poesia modernista
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Coelho, Eduardo

Estudos Avançados

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Abr 2022, Volume 36 Nº 104 Páginas 53 - 72

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Nos anos 1920, os modernismos brasileiros revelavam estratégias não apenas de ruptura com a tradição, mas também de continuidade, como apontam suas relações com a elite aristocrática do café (patrocinadora da Semana de Arte Moderna) e também com o romantismo (especialmente, o de José de Alencar). A construção da memória modernista sobre o Brasil é um dos índices mais reveladores desse movimento ambivalente de ruptura e de continuidade com a tradição, destacando-se, nesse processo, o registro do histórico de violência do Brasil colonial, bem como a incorporação da fala brasileira por meio da literatura.

ABSTRACT In the 1920s, the Brazilian modernisms revealed strategies not only for the rupture with the tradition but also for continuity, as their relations both with the coffee-based aristocratic elite (which sponsored of the Modern Art Week) and with Romanticism (especially José de Alencar’s). The construction of a Modernist memory about Brazil is one of the most revealing indices of this ambivalent movement of rupture with and continuity of tradition, highlighting, in this process, the history of violence in colonial Brazil, as well as the incorporation of a Brazilian way of speaking through literature.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-4014.2022.36104.004

Monkey, fish, bird and tourists: local actors and global contexts related to conservation in the Amazon
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Coelho, Eduardo de Ávila

; Gontijo, Bernardo Machado

Ambiente & Sociedade

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2022, Volume 25 elocation e01281

Resumo: Pt En Es | Texto: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo A Amazônia tem se tornado cada vez mais um terreno de intensas e variadas disputas locais e transnacionais. No interior de suas matas, recortadas por miríades de grandes rios, paranãs e igarapés, habitam diversos povos de distintas matrizes étnico-culturais que dela dependem para sua sobrevivência. Este trabalho lança um olhar sobre as formas como alguns grupos locais lidam com questões atribuídas por agendas globais voltadas para a preservação da floresta. Através da relação entre três espécies da fauna e o turismo, busca compreender como esses grupos desenvolvem localmente seus processos de negociação e resolução de conflitos para praticar suas formas de conservação e desenvolvimento. Anos de pesquisa de campo, em duas áreas protegidas da Amazônia Brasileira, proporcionam a reflexão sobre as maneiras como a floresta é habitada e manejada, e revelam as formas como comunidades e instituições negociam interesses conflitantes sobre a conservação e o uso do ambiente.

Abstract The Amazon has increasingly become a terrain of intense and distinct local and transnational disputes. In the interior of its forests, cut by myriads of rivers, inhabit a variety of peoples that depend on it for their survival. This work analyses the ways in which some local groups deal with issues assigned by global agendas focused on the preservation of the forest. Through the relationship between three species of fauna and tourism, it seeks to understand how these groups locally develop their processes of negotiation and conflict resolution to practice their forms of conservation and development. Years of field research in two protected areas of the Brazilian Amazon provide a reflection on how the forest is inhabited and managed, revealing the ways in which communities and institutions negotiate conflicts of interests regarding conservation and use of the environment.

Resumen La Amazonía se ha convertido cada vez más en un terreno de intensas y distintas disputas locales y transnacionales. En el interior de sus bosques, cortados por miríadas de ríos, habitan pueblos de diferentes matrices étnico-culturales que dependen del ambiente para su supervivencia. Este trabajo analiza las formas en que grupos locales tratan los temas asignados por las agendas globales enfocadas en la preservación de la selva. A través de la relación entre tres especies de fauna con el turismo, se busca comprender cómo estos grupos desarrollan localmente sus procesos de negociación y resolución de conflictos para practicar sus formas de conservación y desarrollo. Años de investigación de campo, en dos áreas protegidas de la Amazonía brasileña, brindan una reflexión sobre la forma en que se habita y maneja el bosque, y revelan como las comunidades e instituciones negocian intereses en conflicto sobre conservación y uso del ambiente.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20210128r1vu2022l3oa

Efficacy of the 7-chloro-4-(3-hydroxy-benzilidenehydrazo)quinoline derivative against infection caused by Leishmania amazonensis
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Antinarelli, Luciana Maria Ribeiro

; Souza, Marcus Vinicius Nora de

; Coelho, Eduardo Antonio Ferraz

; Lima, Wallace Pacienza

; Coimbra, Elaine Soares

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2020, Volume 53 elocation e20200091

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The drugs currently available for leishmaniasis treatment have major limitations. METHODS: In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to evaluate the effect of a quinoline derivative, Hydraqui (7-chloro-4-(3-hydroxy-benzilidenehydrazo)quinoline, against Leishmania amazonensis. In silico analyses of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) parameters were performed. RESULTS: Hydraqui showed significant in vitro anti-amastigote activity. Also, Hydraqui-treated mice exhibited high efficacy in lesion size (48.3%) and parasitic load (93.8%) reduction, did not cause hepatic and renal toxicity, and showed appropriate ADMET properties. CONCLUSIONS: Hydraqui presents a set of satisfactory criteria for its application as an antileishmanial agent.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0091-2020 293 downloads

6ª DIRETRIZES DE MONITORIZAÇÃO AMBULATORIAL DA PRESSÃO ARTERIAL E 4ª DIRETRIZES DE MONITORIZAÇÃO RESIDENCIAL DA PRESSÃO ARTERIAL
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Brandão, Andrea A.

; Alessi, Alexandre

; Feitosa, Audes Magalhães

; Machado, Carlos Alberto

; Figueiredo, Carlos Eduardo Poli de

; Amodeo, Celso

; Rodrigues, Cibele Isaac Saad

; Forjaz, Claudia Lucia de Moraes

; Giorgi, Dante Marcelo Artigas

; Mion Júnior, Décio

; Coelho, Eduardo Barbosa

; Nobre, Fernando

; Lima Júnior, Emilton

; Plavnik, Frida Liane

; Silva, Giovanio Vieira da

; Chaves Júnior, Hilton

; Barbosa, Eduardo Costa Duarte

; Vilela-Martin, José Fernando

; Ribeiro, José Marcio

; Gusmão, Josiane Lima de

; Toledo, Juan Carlos Yugar

; Bortolotto, Luiz Aparecido

; Scala, Luiz Cesar Nazário

; Gomes, Marco Antônio Mota

; Malachias, Marcus Vinícius Bolívar

; Neves, Mario Fritsch Toros

; Wajngarten, Mauricio

; Gus, Miguel

; Passarelli Júnior, Oswaldo

; Jardim, Paulo Cesar Brandão Veiga

; Miranda, Roberto Dischinger

; Paula, Rogério Baumgratz de

; Ferreira Filho, Sebastião Rodrigues

; Andrade, Solange

; Geleilete, Tufik J. M.

; Koch, Vera Hermina K.

; Souza, Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso de

; Oigman, Wille

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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Mai 2018, Volume 110 Nº 5 Páginas 1 - 29

Resumo: Pt | Texto: Pt | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20180074 2708 downloads

The Diterpene Sclareol Vascular Effect in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats
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Campos, Debora Ribeiro

; Celotto, Andrea Carla

; Albuquerque, Agnes Afrodite S.

; Ferreira, Luciana Garros

; Monteiro, Ariadne Santana e Neves

; Coelho, Eduardo Barbosa

; Evora, Paulo Roberto Barbosa

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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Ago 2017, Volume 109 Nº 2 Páginas 117 - 123

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento: O diterpeno Esclareol tem ação antimicrobiana, efeitos citotóxicos e citostáticos e atividades antitumorais. No entanto, pesquisas sobre o sistema cardiovascular são escassas. Objetivo: Este estudo foi desenvolvido para investigar os mecanismos envolvidos no efeito cardiovascular de Esclareol em ratos normotensos e hipertensos. Métodos: A hipertensão arterial foi promovida utilizando modelo de 2 clones de 1-clipe em ratos. O efeito do esclareol sobre a pressão arterial foi realizado utilizando três doses (10, 20 e 40 mg/kg). As curvas dose-resposta cumulativas para Esclareol foram determinadas para anéis aórticos endotélio-intactos e desprovidos de endotélio na presença ou ausência de L-NAME e ODQ. Os níveis de NOx foram medidos na amostra de plasma. Resultados: A administração de Esclareol in vivo causou uma redução significativa na pressão sanguínea em ambos os grupos. In vitro o esclareol promoveu relaxamento na aorta, com endotélio, pré-contraído a Phe. Os inibidores da óxido nítrico sintase e da guanilato ciclase solúvel foram tão eficientes quanto a remoção do endotélio, na inibição do relaxamento induzido por Esclareol. Por outra parte, não houve mudança de NOx. Além disso, por razões desconhecidas, o Sclareol não é seletivo para animais hipertensos. Conclusão: O diterpeno Esclareol apresentou efeitos hipotensores in vivo e vasodilatadores in vitro; A análise de NO plasmático por quimioluminescência não mostrou diferença significativa entre os grupos e O Esclareol exibe melhor efeito sobre os animais normotensos do que hipertensos para reduzir a pressão arterial. Conclui-se que os metabólitos de diterpenos seriam um protótipo de fonte promissora para o desenvolvimento de novos agentes na terapia cardiovascular.

Abstract Background: The diterpene Sclareol has antimicrobial action, cytotoxic and cytostatic effects and anti-tumor activities. However, researches on the cardiovascular system are scarce. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the mechanisms involved in the Sclareol cardiovascular effect in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Methods: The arterial hypertension was promoted using 2-kidneys 1-clip model in rats. The effect of sclareol on blood pressure was performed by using three dose (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg). Cumulative dose-response curves for Sclareol were determined for endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortic rings in presence or absence of L-NAME and ODQ. The NOx levels were measure in the plasma sample. Results: The Sclareol administration in vivo caused a significant reduction in blood pressure in both groups. In vitro the sclareol promoted relaxation in aorta, with endothelium, pre-contracted to Phe. The inhibitors of the nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase were as efficient as the removal of endothelium, in inhibiting the Sclareol-induced relaxation. Otherwise, it was no change of NOx. Also, for unknown reasons, the Sclareol is not selective for hypertensive animals. Conclusion: The diterpene Sclareol showed in vivo hypotensive and in-vitro vasodilator effects; The chemiluminescence plasmatic NO analysis showed no significant difference between groups and The Sclareol exhibit better effect on normotensive than hypertensive animals to reduce blood pressure. It is concluded that the diterpenes metabolites would be a promising source prototype for the development of new agents in the cardiovascular therapy.

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20170086 922 downloads

Synthesis, antileishmanial activity and QSAR studies of 2-chloro- N -arylacetamides
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Lavorato, Stefânia Neiva

; Duarte, Mariana Costa

; Andrade, Pedro Henrique Rocha De

; Coelho, Eduardo Antonio Ferraz

; Alves, Ricardo José

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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2017, Volume 53 Nº 1 elocation e16067

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT We describe herein the synthesis and evaluation of the antileishmanial activity against promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis and cytotoxicity to murine macrophages of a series of 2-chloro-N-arylacetamide derivatives. All compounds were active, except one (compound 3). Compound 5 presented the most promising results, showing good antileishmanial activity (CI50=5.39±0.67 µM) and moderate selectivity (SI=6.36), indicating that further development of this class is worthwhile. Preliminary QSAR studies, although not predictive, furnished some insights on the importance of electronic character of aryl substituent to biological activity, as well as an indirect influence of hydrophobicity on activity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902017000116067 1436 downloads

Recent updates and perspectives on approaches for the development of vaccines against visceral leishmaniasis
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Duarte, Mariana Costa

; Lage, Daniela Pagliara

; Martins, Vívian Tamietti

; Chávez-Fumagalli, Miguel Angel

; Roatt, Bruno Mendes

; Menezes-Souza, Daniel

; Goulart, Luiz Ricardo

; Soto, Manuel

; Tavares, Carlos Alberto Pereira

; Coelho, Eduardo Antonio Ferraz

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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Ago 2016, Volume 49 Nº 4 Páginas 398 - 407

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most important tropical diseases worldwide. Although chemotherapy has been widely used to treat this disease, problems related to the development of parasite resistance and side effects associated with the compounds used have been noted. Hence, alternative approaches for VL control are desirable. Some methods, such as vector control and culling of infected dogs, are insufficiently effective, with the latter not ethically recommended. The development of vaccines to prevent VL is a feasible and desirable measure for disease control; for example, some vaccines designed to protect dogs against VL have recently been brought to market. These vaccines are based on the combination of parasite fractions or recombinant proteins with adjuvants that are able to induce cellular immune responses; however, their partial efficacy and the absence of a vaccine to protect against human leishmaniasis underline the need for characterization of new vaccine candidates. This review presents recent advances in control measures for VL based on vaccine development, describing extensively studied antigens, as well as new antigenic proteins recently identified using immuno-proteomic techniques.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0120-2016 14239 downloads

10.

Autoeficácia e Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho: um estudo com policiais militares
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Coelho, Eduardo

; Antloga, Carla

; Maia, Marina

; Takaki, Katsumi

Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa

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2016, Volume 32 Nº spe elocation e32ne220

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar a existência de relação entre qualidade de vida no trabalho e crenças de autoeficácia geral na Polícia Militar do Distrito Federal. A pesquisa se configura como estudo de caso, de delineamento correlacional e abordagem quantitativa. Utilizou-se o Inventário de Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho e a Escala de Autoeficácia Geral. Participaram 1027 policiais militares, sendo 895 homens e 114 mulheres, com tempo médio de 16 anos de serviço na PMDF. A análise dos resultados evidenciou que não há correlações significativas fortes entre QVT e autoeficácia. Conclui-se que não se pode promover QVT focando apenas no indivíduo, pois mesmo os participantes se percebendo autoeficazes não resultou em uma percepção positiva de QVT.

ABSTRACT The present study aims to identify the relationship between quality of work life and general self-efficacy beliefs in the Military Police of the Federal District. The research is set up as a case study, with correlational design and quantitative approach. We used the Inventory of Assessment of Quality Work Life and General Self-Efficacy Scale. The participants were 1027 police officers, including 895 men and 114 women, with an average time of 16 years of service. The results showed that there are no strong significant correlations between QWL and self-efficacy. It follows that it cannot promote QVT focusing only on the individual, because even the participants realizing effective self, did not result in a positive perception of QWL.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-3772e32ne220 6098 downloads

11.

Dificuldades e desafios em revisar aspectos éticos das pesquisas no Brasil
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Lopes Júnior, Luís Carlos

; Nascimento, Lucila Castanheira

; Lima, Regina Aparecida Garcia de

; Coelho, Eduardo Barbosa

Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem

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2016, Volume 37 Nº 2 elocation e54476

Resumo: Pt En Es | Texto: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Objetivo Refletir sobre os problemas enfrentados pelos pesquisadores de diferentes áreas, sobretudo de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, durante o processo de avaliação dos projetos de pesquisa pelos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa no Brasil. Método Estudo teórico-reflexivo, baseado na literatura científica e análise crítica dos autores. Resultados Embora a Resolução 466/2012, que trata de pesquisas com seres humanos, apresente inovações de conteúdo, ainda permanecem obscuras questões relacionadas aos participantes de pesquisa, além do moroso processo de avaliação dos projetos. Conclusão Dificuldades enfrentadas por pesquisadores, principalmente de áreas como Ciências Humanas e Sociais, precisam ser transpostas para que as diretrizes éticas se tornem aplicáveis, tanto em termos de princípios quanto de procedimentos, às distintas tradições de pesquisas. É premente que as normas regulamentadoras de investigações com seres humanos sejam gerenciadas por sistema com capacidade operacional satisfatória, considerando as especificidades das diferentes áreas do conhecimento.

ABSTRACT Objective To reflect on the problems faced by researchers from different areas, especially of Humanities and Social Sciences, when submitting research projects for evaluation by the research ethics committees in Brazil. Method A theoretical and reflective study based on international literature and the critical analysis of the authors. Results Although Resolution 466/2012, which addresses human research, contains some innovations, issues related to the research participants remain obscure and the project evaluation process is time-consuming. Conclusion The difficulties faced by researchers, especially in the fields of Humanities and Social Sciences, must be transposed to ensure that the ethical guidelines are applicable, in terms of principles and procedures, to the different research traditions. Appropriate human research standards must be managed by a system with a satisfactory operational capacity, according to the specificities of the different areas of knowledge.

RESUMEN Objetivo Reflexionar sobre los problemas que enfrentan los investigadores de diferentes áreas, especialmente de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales durante el proceso de evaluación de los proyectos de investigación por parte de los Comités Éticos de Investigación en Brasil. Método Estudio teórico y reflexivo basado en la literatura y análisis crítico de los autores. Resultados Aunque la Resolución 466/2012, presente innovaciones de contenido, siguen oscuras algunas cuestiones relacionadas con los participantes de investigación, además del largo proceso de evaluación de proyectos. Conclusión Las dificultades que enfrentan los investigadores, especialmente de áreas como Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales, necesitan ser incorporadas donde las normas éticas sean aplicables, en términos de principios y de procedimientos, a las tradiciones distintas de investigación. Es urgente que los estándares apropiados de investigación con seres humanos sean administrados por sistema con capacidad operativa satisfactoria, teniendo en cuenta las especificidades de las diferentes áreas del conocimiento.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2016.02.54476 4794 downloads

12.

Dificuldades e desafios em revisar aspectos éticos das pesquisas no Brasil
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Lopes Júnior, Luís Carlos

; Nascimento, Lucila Castanheira

; Lima, Regina Aparecida Garcia de

; Coelho, Eduardo Barbosa

Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem

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2016, Volume 37 Nº 2 elocation e54476

Resumo: En Es Pt | Texto: En Es Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2016.02.54476 3 downloads

13.

Theranostic applications of phage display to control leishmaniasis: selection of biomarkers for serodiagnostics, vaccination, and immunotherapy
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Coelho, Eduardo Antonio Ferraz

; Chávez-Fumagalli, Miguel Angel

; Costa, Lourena Emanuele

; Tavares, Carlos Alberto Pereira

; Soto, Manuel

; Goulart, Luiz Ricardo

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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Ago 2015, Volume 48 Nº 4 Páginas 370 - 379

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

AbstractPhage display is a high-throughput subtractive proteomic technology used for the generation and screening of large peptide and antibody libraries. It is based on the selection of phage-fused surface-exposed peptides that recognize specific ligands and demonstrate desired functionality for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Phage display has provided unmatched tools for controlling viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections, and allowed identification of new therapeutic targets to treat cancer, metabolic diseases, and other chronic conditions. This review presents recent advancements in serodiagnostics and prevention of leishmaniasis -an important tropical parasitic disease- achieved using phage display for the identification of novel antigens with improved sensitivity and specificity. Our focus is on theranostics of visceral leishmaniasis with the aim to develop biomarker candidates exhibiting both diagnostic and therapeutic potential to fight this important, yet neglected, tropical disease.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0096-2015 6691 downloads

14.

New delivery systems for amphotericin B applied to the improvement of leishmaniasis treatment
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Chávez-Fumagalli, Miguel Angel

; Ribeiro, Tatiana Gomes

; Castilho, Rachel Oliveira

; Fernandes, Simone Odília Antunes

; Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento

; Coelho, Cecília Steinberg Perilo

; Mendonça, Débora Vasconcelos Costa

; Soto, Manuel

; Tavares, Carlos Alberto Pereira

; Faraco, André Augusto Gomes

; Coelho, Eduardo Antonio Ferraz

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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Jun 2015, Volume 48 Nº 3 Páginas 235 - 242

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Leishmaniasis is one of the six major tropical diseases targeted by the World Health Organization. It is a life-threatening disease of medical, social and economic importance in endemic areas. No vaccine is yet available for human use, and chemotherapy presents several problems. Pentavalent antimonials have been the drugs of choice to treat the disease for more than six decades; however, they exhibit high toxicity and are not indicated for children, for pregnant or breastfeeding women or for chronically ill patients. Amphotericin B (AmpB) is a second-line drug, and although it has been increasingly used to treat visceral leishmaniasis (VL), its clinical use has been hampered due to its high toxicity. This review focuses on the development and in vivo usage of new delivery systems for AmpB that aim to decrease its toxicity without altering its therapeutic efficacy. These new formulations, when adjusted with regard to their production costs, may be considered new drug delivery systems that promise to improve the treatment of leishmaniasis, by reducing the side effects and the number of doses while permitting a satisfactory cost-benefit ratio.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0138-2015 5657 downloads

15.

Prolonged viability of human organotypic skin explant in culture method (hOSEC)
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Frade, Marco Andrey Cipriani

; Andrade, Thiago Antônio Moretti de

; Aguiar, Andréia Fernanda Carvalho Leone

; Guedes, Flávia Araújo

; Leite, Marcel Nani

; Passos, Williane Rodrigues

; Coelho, Eduardo Barbosa

; Das, Pranab Kummar

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

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Jun 2015, Volume 90 Nº 3 Páginas 347 - 350

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract BACKGROUND: Currently, the cosmetic industry is overwhelmed in keeping up with the safety assessment of the increasing number of new products entering the market. To meet such demand, research centers have explored alternative methods to animal testing and also the large number of volunteers necessary for preclinical and clinical tests. OBJECTIVES: This work describes the human skin ex-vivo model (hOSEC: Human Organotypic Skin Explant Culture) as an alternative to test the effectiveness of cosmetics and demonstrate its viability through cutaneous keratinocytes' proliferative capacity up to 75 days in culture. METHODS: The skin explants obtained from surgeries were cultured in CO2-humid incubator. After 1, 7, 30 and 75 days in culture, skin fragments were harvested for analysis with histomorphological exam (HE staining) on all days of follow-up and immunohistochemistry for Ck5/6, Ck10 and Ki-67 only on the 75th day. RESULTS: On the 7th day, the epidermis was perfect in the dermoepidermal junction, showing the viability of the model. On the 30th day, the epidermis was thicker, with fewer layers on the stratum corneum, although the cutaneous structure was unaltered. On the 75th day, the skin became thinner but the dermoepidermal junctions were preserved and epidermal proliferation was maintained. After the 75th day on culture, the skin was similar to normal skin, expressing keratinocytes with Ck5/6 on supra-basal layers; Ck10 on differentiated layers; and viability could be assessed by the positivity of basal cells by Ki-67. CONCLUSION: The hOSEC model seems a good alternative to animal testing; it can be used as a preclinical test analogous to clinical human skin test with similar effectiveness and viability proven by immunohistological analyses.

https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153645 4665 downloads

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