RESUMO Este estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar a extensão da proteção contra a infecção pelo vírus da diarréia viral bovina tipo 2 (BVDV-2) através da vacinação com uma vacina combinada inativada contendo o vírus da diarréia viral bovina tipo 1 (BVDV-1) e vírus da rinotraqueíte de bovinos infecciosos (IBRV). Cinco bezerros com 3 a 4 meses de idade foram vacinados via intramuscular com uma dose única da vacina combinada e reforçados com a mesma dose três semanas após a primeira vacinação, com cinco bezerros imunizados em simulação servindo como grupo controle. Vinte e um dias após a segunda vacinação, todos os bezerros foram desafiados com a cepa BVDV-2 SX08 por spray na narina. Os animais não vacinados desenvolveram sinais clínicos típicos, como alta temperatura retal, diarréia com erosões e queda drástica na contagem de leucócitos. Estes sinais tiveram ocorrência significativamente menor em todos os animais vacinados, cuja temperatura retal, leucopenia e virarmia eram significativamente menores do que os bezerros simulados. É possível concluir que a vacinação com a vacina combinada inativada proporciona proteção cruzada contra os efeitos clínicos de uma infecção provocada pela cepa BVDV-2 SX08, embora tenha sido parcialmente protegida.

ABSTRACT This study was designed to evaluate the extent of the protection for bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 (BVDV-2) infection, afforded by vaccination with a combo inactivated vaccine, which contains bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV). Five 3-4-month-old calves were intramuscularly vaccinated with a single dose of the combo vaccine and boosted with same dose three weeks after the first vaccination, with five mock immunized calves serving as a control group. Twenty-one days after the second vaccination, all calves were challenged with BVDV-2 SX08 strain by spray into nostril. The unvaccinated animals developed typical clinical signs of high rectal temperature, diarrhoea with erosions and a dramatic drop in leukocyte counts. These signs occured markedly less in all vaccinated animals, the rectal temperature, leukopenia and virarmia of which, were significantly less than the mock immunized calves. It can be concluded that vaccination with the combo inactivated vaccine affords cross-protection against clinical effects of a challenge-infection with BVDV-2 SX08 strain, although it was part protection.

Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale – Second Edition (Y-BOCS-II). Method: A total of 86 adults with a primary diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), ranging in age from 15 to 78 years, participated in the study. Participants were administered the Y-BOCS-II by a trained clinician who also rated overall illness severity on two additional measures. Patients completed the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. Results: Results indicated high internal consistency and fair 1-week test retest reliability. The Y-BOCS-II scales correlated strongly with clinician-rated obsessive-compulsive severity and modestly with self-reported obsessive-compulsive symptom frequency and distress. The relationship between Y-BOCS-II total score and depressive and anxiety symptoms was strong, which may reflect high rates of comorbid conditions in this sample or the linkage between obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and distress. Factor analysis demonstrated a two-factor structure consisting of obsession and compulsion factors, with interference due to obsessions cross-loading. Conclusions: Overall, these results support the use of the Y-BOCS-II among individuals from China. Future study by an independent group is necessary to replicate these findings, as well as investigate interrater reliability and treatment sensitivity.

This study aimed to explore the effects of continuous blood purification (CBP) treatment in pigs affected with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A total of 12 healthy male pigs, weighing 12±1.8 kg, were randomly and equally assigned to the control and experimental groups. The ARDS pig model was prepared by intravenous injections of endotoxin (20 µg/kg). The control group was given conventional supportive therapy, while the experimental group was given continuous veno-venous hemofiltration therapy. During the treatment process, the variations in dynamic lung compliance, oxygenation index, hemodynamics, and urine volume per hour at different times (Baseline, 0, 2, 4, and 6 h) were recorded. The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-10 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The histomorphological changes of the lung, heart, and kidney were visualized using a light microscope. The nuclear factor κB p65 protein content of the heart, lung, and kidney tissues was also detected using western blot. The experimental group outperformed the control group in both respiratory and hemodynamic events. CBP treatment cleared TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 partially from serum and BALF. The pathological examination of the heart, lung, and kidney tissues revealed that the injury was less severe in the experimental group. CBP treatment can improve the organ functions of pigs affected with endotoxin-induced ARDS and protect these organs to some extent.

ABSTRACT Psychiatric disorders during pregnancy pose a great challenge. Both medications and maternal mental illness may have adverse effect on the fetus and the balance between risks and benefits of treatment strategy is crucial. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is known to have few adverse effects and therefore it may be preferred. We report on a 31-year old pregnant woman at 36 weeks gestation, who had a history of bipolar I disorder and who was admitted for manic episode with psychotic features. Due to her persistent manic symptoms and consideration of the psychotropic drugs related teratogenic risks for the fetus, electroconvulsive therapy was recommended. The electroconvulsive therapy was administered three days after admission and improvement of disease condition was noted. The delivery was performed by Caesarean section, and no complication was reported. Electroconvulsive therapy use in psychiatric disorder during pregnancy is a relatively effective and safe treatment.

RESUMEN Los trastornos psiquiátricos durante el embarazo representan un gran desafío. Tanto los medicamentos como las enfermedades mentales en la maternidad, pueden tener efectos adversos sobre el feto. El equilibrio entre riesgos y beneficios de la estrategia de tratamiento es crucial. Se sabe que la terapia electroconvulsiva (TEC) tiene pocos efectos adversos, y por lo tanto puede ser la preferida. Reportamos el caso de una embarazada de 31 años a las 36 semanas de gestación, con una historia de trastorno bipolar I. La paciente fue ingresada por un episodio maníaco con características psicóticas. Debido a sus persistentes síntomas maníacos y a la consideración de los riesgos teratogénicos relacionados con las drogas psicotrópicas para el feto, se recomendó la terapia electroconvulsiva. La terapia electroconvulsiva se administró 3 días después del ingreso y se observó una mejoría en la condición de la enfermedad. El parto se realizó mediante cesárea, y no se reportó ninguna complicación. El uso de la terapia electro-convulsiva para trastornos psiquiátricos durante el embarazo es un tratamiento relativamente seguro y eficaz.

ABSTRACT Penile fracture is one of the less frequent urological trauma. It is defined as the rupture of the corpus cavernosum resulting from blunt trauma to the erect penis. Vaginal intercourse is the most common cause of penile fracture. Associated urethral injury appears in 10% -20% of cases. In addition, there may be urethral bleeding and voiding difficulty. Ultrasonography and MRI are not useful tools for diagnosis. The Cavernosography has been used as a diagnostic tool for the detection of extravasated blood lying in the area of fracture but their role is limited. We present 5 cases of penile fracture treated between January 2005 and December 2007 in the Department of Urology at the Hospital de Clinicas of the FCM - UNA. Everybody went to the emergency room. Three of which relate lesion associated with intercourse, one associated with turning on the erect penis during sleep and psychiatric patient self-inflicted trauma. The diagnosis was clinical in all cases and surgical exploration was not delayed. Two cases were pure cavernous lesions, two were accompanied with partial urethral rupture and one 1 had only tearing of the dorsal vein of the penis. The 4 cases of cavernous lesion on the right side and were correlated with penile curvature to the left. The patients with urethral injury remained with transurethral probe for 8-10 days. Four of the five cases reported having no variation whatsoever regarding sexual potency. The remaining, psychiatric patient did not cooperate with the interrogation. Early surgery reduces morbidity and should not be delayed by doing previous diagnostic studies Keywords: penis fracture; cavernosum body

RESUMEN La fractura de pene es un traumatismo urológico poco frecuente. Se define como la ruptura del cuerpo cavernoso consecuente al traumatismo contuso del pene en erección. El coito vaginal es la causa más frecuente. La lesión uretral asociada aparece en el 10 a 20% de los casos. Además, se puede presentar uretrorragia y dificultad miccional. Se presentan cinco casos atendidos entre enero del 2005 y diciembre del 2007 en la Cátedra de Urología del Hospital de Clínicas. Todos acudieron por urgencias, tres de los cuales refirieron lesión asociada a relación sexual, uno asociado al giro sobre el pene en sueño y un traumatismo autoinfligido en paciente psiquiátrico. El diagnóstico fue clínico y la exploración quirúrgica no se retrasó. Dos casos fueron lesiones cavernosas puras, dos se acompañaron de rotura parcial de uretra y una presentaba solamente desgarro de la vena dorsal del pene. Los cuatro casos de lesión cavernosa fueron del lado derecho y se relacionaron con la curvatura del pene hacia la izquierda. Los pacientes con lesión uretral permanecieron con sonda transuretral por 8 a 10 días. Cuatro de los cinco casos manifestaron no haber variación alguna respecto a la potencia sexual. El restante, el paciente psiquiátrico, no colaboró con el interrogatorio. La morbilidad mejoró con la exploración quirúrgica temprana. Esta no debe retrasarse por estudios diagnósticos previos. Palabras clave: fractura de pene; cuerpo cavernoso.

Nontyphoidal Salmonella infections often present with self-limited gastroenteritis. Extraintestinal focal infections are uncommon but have high mortality and morbidity. Urinary tract infection caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella is usually associated with structural abnormalities of the urinary tract. Nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis are the major risk factors. Although primary hyperparathyroidism has been reported to increase the risk of nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis, little is known about the association between hyperparathyroidism and Salmonella urinary tract infection. We report the case of a 37-year old man who had a history of primary hyperparathyroidism and bilateral nephrocalcinosis and who developed urinary tract infection. Salmonella Group D was isolated from his urine specimen. Salmonella should be considered as a possible causality organism in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and nephrocalcinosis who develop urinary tract infection. These patients need to be aware of the potential risks associated with salmonellosis.

Las infecciones por Salmonella no tifoidea se presentan a menudo con gastroenteritis auto-limitada. Las infecciones extra-intestinales focales son poco frecuentes, pero tienen una alta mortalidad y morbilidad. La infección de las vías urinarias causada por la Salmonella no tifoidea se asocia generalmente a anomalías estructurales de las vías urinarias. La nefrocalcinosis y la nefrolitiasis son los principales factores de riesgo. Aunque se ha reportado que el hiperparatiroidismo primario aumenta el riesgo de la nefrocalcinosis y la nefrolitiasis, poco se sabe sobre la asociación entre el hiperparatiroidismo y la infección de las vías urinarias por Salmonella. Damos a conocer aquí el caso de un hombre de 37 años con una historia de hiperparatiroidismo primario y nefrocalcinosis bilateral, que desarrolló una infección de las vías urinarias. La Salmonella del grupo D fue aislada de su muestra de orina. La Salmonella se debe considerar como un posible organismo de causalidad en pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo primario y nefrocalcinosis que desarrollan infección del tracto urinario. Estos pacientes necesitan tomar conciencia de los riesgos potenciales asociados con la salmonellosis.

This study proposes a block-edge-based perceptual zero-tree coding (PZTC) method, which is implemented with efficient optimization on the embedded platform. PZTC combines two novel compression concepts for coding efficiency and quality: block-edge detection (BED) and the low-complexity and low-memory entropy coder (LLEC). The proposed PZTC was implemented as a fixed-point version and optimized on the DSP-based platform based on both the presented platform-independent and platform-dependent optimization technologies. For platform-dependent optimization, this study examines the fixed-point PZTC and analyzes the complexity to optimize PZTC toward achieving an optimal coding efficiency. Furthermore, hardware-based platform-dependent optimizations are presented to reduce the memory size. The performance, such as compression quality and efficiency, is validated by experimental results.

MP [4-(3′,3′-dimethylallyloxy)-5-methyl-6-methoxyphthalide] was obtained from liquid culture of Pestalotiopsis photiniaeisolated from the Chinese Podocarpaceae plant Podocarpus macrophyllus. MP significantly inhibited the proliferation of HeLa tumor cell lines. After treatment with MP, characteristic apoptotic features such as DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation were observed in DAPI-stained HeLa cells. Flow cytometry showed that MP induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate protein and mRNA expression. MP caused significant cell cycle arrest by upregulating the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27KIP1 protein and p21CIP1 mRNA levels in HeLa cells. The expression of p73 protein was increased after treatment with various MP concentrations. mRNA expression of the cell cycle-related genes, p21CIP1, p16INK4a and Gadd45α, was significantly upregulated and mRNA levels demonstrated significantly increased translation ofp73, JunB, FKHR, andBim. The results indicate that MP may be a potential treatment for cervical cancer.

Agaricus blazei Murill is a native Brazilian mushroom which functions primarily as an anticancer substance in transplanted mouse tumors. However, the mechanism underlying this function of A. blazei Murill remains obscure. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of fraction FA-2-b-ß, an RNA-protein complex isolated from A. blazei Murill, on human leukemia HL-60 cells in vitro. Typical apoptotic characteristics were determined by morphological methods using DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry. The growth suppressive effect of fraction FA-2-b-ß on HL-60 cells in vitro occurred in a dose- (5-80 µg/mL) and time-dependent (24-96 h) manner. The proliferation of HL-60 cells (1 x 10(5) cells/mL) treated with 40 µg/mL of fraction FA-2-b-ß for 24-96 h and with 5-80 µg/mL for 96 h resulted in inhibitory rates ranging from 8 to 54.5%, and from 4.9 to 86.3%, respectively. Both telomerase activity determined by TRAP-ELISA and mRNA expression of the caspase-3 gene detected by RT-PCR were increased in HL-60 cells during fraction FA-2-b-ß treatment. The rate of apoptosis correlated negatively with the decrease of telomerase activity (r = 0.926, P < 0.05), but correlated positively with caspase-3 mRNA expression (r = 0.926, P < 0.05). These data show that fraction FA-2-b-ß can induce HL-60 cell apoptosis and that the combined effect of down-regulation of telomerase activity and up-regulation of mRNA expression of the caspase-3 gene could be the primary mechanism of induction of apoptosis. These findings provide strong evidence that fraction FA-2-b-ß could be of interest for the clinical treatment of acute leukemia.