The assessment of chlorine, fluorine, and sulfur concentrations in depth profile of drill cuttings was performed using ion chromatography after sample preparation by pyrohydrolysis. The parameters for pyrohydrolysis were optimized using a Box-Behnken design, and the established conditions were 300 mg of sample, 300 mg of V2O5, temperature of 1000 °C, reaction time of 25 min, and absorbing solution of 50 mmol L-1 NH3 + 150 mmol L-1 H2O2. The accuracy was evaluated by the analysis of certified reference materials and recovery tests, and the results showed a good agreement between determined and certified values and recoveries (89-108%). The precision (relative standard deviation (RSD) < 10%), and the limits of detection (0.5-2.5 mg kg 1) were suitable for drill cuttings analysis. The concentration of chlorine, fluorine, and sulfur in drill cuttings at different depths was at mg g-1 range, and its variation is related to the mineral composition of the samples.

Resumo Este artigo analisa como o tema Educação aparece no I Congresso Sul-Americano da Mulher em Defesa da Democracia (CAMDE), ocorrido em 1967, no Rio de Janeiro. Pretendeu-se verificar de que modo as organizações femininas de direita, no Brasil, relacionaram-se com a agenda da ditadura civil-militar brasileira e como, a partir da divulgação pela imprensa escrita dos debates ocorridos no evento, as ideias, defendidas pelo grupo de mulheres, sobre os rumos da educação nacional se entrelaçaram ao contexto político. Para tal, foram analisadas noticias veiculadas em jornais da época e também documentos produzidos pela CAMDE sobre o evento. Como resultado, percebe-se que muitos dos tópicos defendidos pelas mulheres e pelas associações que representavam estavam em consonância com a política educacional conduzida pela ditadura.

Abstract This article analyzes how the theme Education was debated in the 1st South American Congress of Women in Defense of Democracy (CAMDE), which took place in April 1967 in the city of Rio de Janeiro. In this work, it was intended to verify on how the right-wing women organizations of Brazil related to the agenda of the brazilian civil-military dictatorship. Based on the analysis of the written disclosure of the debates that took place at the event by the press, are examined the ideas defended by the women's group about the directions that national education intermingled with the political context. For this, news published in newspapers of the time and also documents produced by CAMDE about the event were analyzed. As a result, it can be seen that many of the topics defended by the women and the associations they represented were in line with the educational policy conducted by the dictatorship.

Resumen Este artículo analiza cómo aparece el tema Educación en el I Congreso Sudamericano de la Mujer en Defensa de la Democracia (CAMDE), realizado en 1967, en Rio de Janeiro. Se ha pretendido verificar cómo las organizaciones femeninas de derecha, en Brasil, se relacionaban con la agenda de la dictadura cívico-militar brasileña y cómo, desde la divulgación en la prensa escrita de los debates que formaron parte del evento, las ideas defendidas por el grupo de mujeres sobre las direcciones de la educación nacional han entrelazado con el contexto político. Para ello se analizaron noticias publicadas en diarios de la época y también documentos producidos por CAMDE sobre el evento. Como resultado, se puede apreciar que muchos de los temas defendidos por las mujeres y las asociaciones a las que representaban estaban en consonancia con la política educativa impulsada por la dictadura.

Résumé L’article analyse la forme dont le thème Éducation apparaît dans le I Congrès Sud-Américain de la Femme en Défense de la Démocratie (CAMDE), qui a eu lieu en 1967 à Rio de Janeiro. Nous voulons vérifier de quelle façon les organisations féminines de droite au Brésil se sont relationnées au programme de la dictature civile-militaire brésilienne et comment, à partir de la divulgation par la presse écrite des débats tenus à l’évènement, les idées soutenues par le groupe de femmes sur les cours que l’éducation nationale s’entremelent au cadre politique. Pour cela, les nouvelles publiées dans les journaux de l'époque ainsi que les documents produits par la CAMDE sur l'événement ont été analysés. De ce fait, on constate que nombre des thèmes défendus par les femmes et les associations qu'elles représentent s'inscrivaient dans la ligne de la politique éducative menée par la dictature.

Triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) is commonly used as an antibacterial agent in various industrial products and is often detected in wastewater effluent. Comparison was made for triclosan degradation by photolysis and TiO2 photocatalysis (under UV irradiation (125 W)) based on analysis of transformation products, together with ecotoxicity evaluation. The morphology of the TiO2 was characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM). Triclosan quantitation was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimal condition was obtained using a response surface model and desirability profile. The initial concentration of triclosan used in all the experiments was 10 mg L-1 to achieve comprehensive identification of transformation products. The optimal experimental condition was 30 mg L-1 TiO2 at pH 10. The photocatalytic system achieved > 99% triclosan degradation at 30 min of reaction. The mineralization rates by photolysis and photocatalysis were 25 and 90%, respectively. A total of 27 transformation products were identified using liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF MS), being that 25 were new structures, not previously reported in the literature. Ecotoxicity assays demonstrated that triclosan and some of the major transformation products did not cause deleterious effects towards Lactuca sativa and Daphnia magna after 16 h of treatment.

The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is an alternative approach for the total lipid content determination in food samples. The high extraction efficiency, being less time-consuming and with the possibility of using less toxic solvents are the main advantages of UAE. It is, thus, an excellent alternative to be applied as a laboratory experiment for undergraduate students. The UAE procedure was optimized and the extraction parameters, such as extractor solvent, time and frequency of the ultrasound, were evaluated. The accuracy of the UAE procedure was evaluated by comparing the obtained results with those found by the traditional lipids extraction approach. The results showed that the lipids content found in the analyzed samples by using UAE were in agreement with the results obtained by the traditional lipids extraction. Therefore, the optimized UAE procedure was proposed as a laboratory experiment to 15 groups of undergraduate students to introduce the subjects of an alternative approach for total lipids determination in food samples. The results obtained showed that 80% of the student groups found results for total lipid contents in agreement with those found by traditional lipids extraction method. The proposed UAE procedure as a laboratory experiment proved to be simple and easy to be applied to undergraduate students.

Abstract This study describes the use of bentonite in suspension for the caffeine adsorption (pollutant of emerging concern) by taking different conditions of the pH, adsorbent mass, adsorbent calcination temperature and interferents into account. The results were compared with those obtained using bentonite immobilized in alginate beads. The acid medium has a greater efficiency for the caffeine adsorption and the adsorbent calcination temperature exerts, due to structural changes. Caffeine removal higher than 90% was obtained at optimized conditions. The Langmuir model indicated a better fit of the data and the adsorption capacity of caffeine onto bentonite. The bentonite immobilized led to a slower adsorption process in relation to the suspended.

Extracts of black mulberry leaves present phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds and minerals. These substances have been studied because they show several health benefits. In this work we report the influence of drying temperature, infusion temperature and extraction time by means of factorial design monitoring the total phenolic content (CFT) of aqueous extracts of leaves of Morus nigra L. The concentrations of CFT, flavonoids, flavonols and antioxidant activity of the extracts were determined by spectrophotometry. The identification and quantification of phenolic compounds were performed by LC-ESI-MS / MS. The determination of the mineral concentration in the black mulberry leaves was performed by ICP-MS. The Pareto and surface response graphs suggested that the most efficient extractions occurred for leaves drying at lower temperatures and using higher infusion temperatures, extraction time did not show significant influence. The extracts presented concentration of CFT from 16.96 ± 0.15 to 5.73 ± 0.33 mg GAE g-1. The analyzes by LC-ESI-MS / MS allowed to identify phenolic substances not yet reported in the literature to date. In addition 10 mineral elements were determined in the black mulberry leaves at mg kg-1 concentrations range.

Currently, intangible values are increasingly important in the management process of companies and governments, implying the need for more precise information. Among the most important intangible assets are the brands. It is through the brands that consumers choose and memorize their purchases, and so destine their money to something that can solve problems in their lives. The importance of image dimensions and culture perception in these constructs was verified. In this way the model with perception of culture is the most solid.

Actualmente, los valores intangibles son cada vez más importantes en el proceso gerencial de empresas y gobiernos, implicando la necesidad de informaciones más precisas. Entre los activos intangibles más importantes se encuentran las marcas. La marca país es fuente de conocimiento y asociaciones en el mercado, y hace que el país sea más o menos atractivo para los extranjeros. Este trabajo pretende analizar la dimensión de la cultura como una formación de la country brand equity. Utilizando el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales se verificó la importancia de las dimensiones de imagen y percepción de cultura en esos constructos. Se concluye que el modelo con la dimensión de percepción de cultura es el más confiable entre aquellos que han sido probados.

Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la acción de los operadores del Sistema de Garantía de Derechos de Niños y Adolescentes en Situación de Violencia Sexual en relación con la Doctrina de la Protección Integral, tal como surge en el proceso judicial. Se realizaron estudios de caso instrumental y análisis documental para conocer los procedimientos técnicos del proceso y la percepción de los operadores del derecho en relación con la familia y el autor de la violencia atendidos por la justicia. Se constató que la actuación del judiciario se basa en la garantía estricta del pilar de defensa de los derechos de infancia dentro del Sistema de Garantía de Derechos, pero se configura como poco disponible al diálogo con la sociedad en lo que se refiere a la convergencia de sus acciones con las reales y las necesidades concretas de los sujetos, lo que demanda una mayor comprensión y convergencia con los pilares de la promoción/prevención y control social para que se pueda observar la Doctrina de la Protección Integral y la prioridad absoluta de la infancia efectivamente instaurada en los procesos de justicia.

Abstract This study aims at analyzing the action of law professionals responsible for enforcing the System for Guaranteeing Rights of children and adolescents in situations of sexual violence in relation to the Doctrine of Full Protection, as it appears in lawsuits. An instrumental case study and a document analysis were performed, for the technical procedures of the lawsuit as well as the perception of law enforcement professionals in relation to the family and the perpetrator of violence assisted by the courts to be known. It was found that the judiciary performance is based on the strict guarantee of the pillar of defense of children's rights within the Rights Guarantee System, but is not very open to dialogue with society as regards the convergence of its actions with the actual and concrete needs of individuals, thus requiring greater understanding of and convergence with the pillars of promotion/prevention and social control, so that the Doctrine of Full Protection can be complied with and the Absolute Priority of childhood can be effectively established in judicial proceedings.

Resumo Este estudo tem como objeto analisar a ação dos operadores do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos de crianças e adolescentes em situação de violência sexual em relação à Doutrina da Proteção Integral, tal como surge no processo judicial. Foram realizados estudo de caso instrumental e análise documental com o intuito de conhecer os procedimentos técnicos do processo, assim como a percepção dos operadores do direito em relação à família e ao autor da violência atendidos pela Justiça. Foi constatado que a atuação do judiciário se pauta na garantia estrita do pilar de defesa dos direitos da infância, dentro do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos, mas se configura como pouco disponível ao diálogo com a sociedade no que tange à convergência de suas ações às reais e concretas necessidades dos sujeitos, o que demanda uma maior compreensão e convergência aos pilares da promoção/prevenção e controle social para que se possa observar a Doutrina da Proteção Integral e a Prioridade Absoluta da infância efetivamente instaurada nos processos de Justiça.

The utilization of atomic absorption spectrometer for metformin (MET) and ranitidine (RAN) chlorohydrates determination in medicines is proposed. The spectral lines of nickel and aluminum at 232.0 and 308.2 nm were selected for MET and RAN absorbance monitoring, respectively. The results were compared to those obtained by molecular absorption spectrometry at ultraviolet range (spectrophotometry) and condutometric titration. The figures of merit obtained were adequate for MET and RAN determination in medicines. The limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 mg L-1 obtained for MET and RAN, were similar and even lowers than those obtained by spectrophotometry and comparable with those found in the literature. The precision evaluated by relative standard deviation (RSD) was lower than 6%. The analytical application shows that in the analyzed samples the MET and RAN concentrations were in agreement with specified value in the label and the limits required by Brazilian legislation.

Resumo O objetivo do trabalho foi determinar os teores de sódio (Na) e potássio (K) em refeições servidas em um restaurante universitário da região sul do Brasil, utilizando espectrometria de emissão atômica como método analítico. Foram coletadas 30 amostras de refeições do almoço e do jantar de um restaurante universitário, referentes a 131 diferentes cardápios no período de um semestre (4 meses), levando-se em conta o consumo de todos os alimentos oferecidos no cardápio, inclusive o suco e a salada temperada. Os resultados indicaram que o teor médio de Na em uma refeição ultrapassou o limite diário recomendado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) em 25 das 30 amostras analisadas. Observaram-se teores maiores em refeições compostas por algum tipo de alimento industrializado, como linguiças e batata palha, ou com pratos tradicionalmente temperados, como barreado. Os menores teores de Na estavam presentes em cardápios nos quais havia batata frita ou ovo. Os teores de K encontrados em 19 refeições poderiam ser considerados satisfatórios segundo a recomendação da OMS, no entanto, levando-se em conta que o consumo de K deve ser 1,75 vezes maior que o de Na em uma mesma refeição, a oferta de K foi baixa em todas as amostras analisadas.

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the levels of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) in meals served in a university restaurant in the southern region of Brazil, using atomic emission spectrometry as the analytical method. Thirty samples of lunch and dinner meals were collected from a university restaurant, referring to 131 different menus in a single semester (four months), taking into account the consumption of all food offered on the menu, including the juice and seasoned salad. The results showed that the average Na content in a meal exceeded the daily limit recommended by the Word Health Organization (WHO) in 25 of the 30 samples analysed. Higher levels were observed in meals including some kind of processed food, such as sausages and potato sticks, or traditionally spiced dishes such as one known as ‘barreado’. The lowest Na levels were found in menus including fried potato or egg. The K levels found in 19 meals could be considered satisfactory according to the WHO recommendations, but taking into account that the consumption of K should be 1.75 times greater than that of Na in the same meal, the supply of potassium was low in all the samples analysed.

This study describes the application of new and low cost biosorbent, shells of urucum (Bixa Orellana), for removal of lead ions (Pb(II)) from water solution. The urucum shells were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Batch adsorption experiments were performed in order to evaluate the effect of pH, agitation speed, adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature, presence of interfering ions and matrix effect on the adsorption of process. The kinetics of biosorption followed pseudo-second-order model. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to describe the biosorption of Pb(II) by urucum shells. The Langmuir model showed better fit and the estimated biosorption capacity was 43.6 mg g-1. The negative Gibbs free energy, ΔG°, confirms the spontaneous nature and positive value of enthalpy, ΔH°, the endothermic character of the process. Furthermore, we also performed an evaluation of matrix and others ions effect on the biosorption process.

A simple strategy using an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) for the direct determination of molecular compounds is proposed. The determination of caffeine and propranolol employing atomic absorption instrumentation was conducted, monitoring the emission lines of Fe (271.9 nm) and Mg (285.2 nm), respectively, using a quartz cuvette (1.0 cm) positioned in the burner head. Samples or standards were inserted into the cuvette in order to obtain the absorbance measurements. The parameters of merit were evaluated and the limits of detection were 0.46 and 0.56 mg L-1 for caffeine and propranolol, respectively, with a coefficient of determination R2 > 0.999. The methods developed were applied to the determination of caffeine and propranolol in real samples of beverages and pharmaceutical formulations, respectively. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed methodologies the results obtained by atomic absorption spectrometer were compared with those obtained by molecular absorption spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or capillary electrophoresis (CE).

A simple procedure for ultrasound-assisted extraction and colorimetric determination of iron in soil samples was developed. The iron concentration in the analyzed samples was determined by the colorimetric method and the results compared with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Fifteen soil samples were analyzed and the iron concentration results compared with those obtained by ICP-MS using microwave-assisted sample digestion. The proposed procedure showed good efficiency for iron extraction and the results obtained by colorimetric determination exhibited good agreement with ICP-MS. Moreover, ultrasound-assisted extraction and colorimetric determination is a simple, fast and low-cost procedure for application in routine analysis.

The objective of the study is to analyze the process of self-regulation of the learning in personal learning environments. The analysis focuses on actions taken and achievements made of students during the phases of action and self-reflection of this process. A Likert scale type questionnaire was applied to a random cluster sample from the degree in Elementary Education of the University of Granada in Spain. The study performed descriptive and inferential analysis of the data, non-parametric tests of correlations and variances. The results show that digital tools and the teachers are important elements in the process of selfregulated learning. In general, the population is successful in both phases of this process. There are also subgroups of students who stand out for their achievements. It is concluded that proper use of digital tools of personal learning environment favors the self-regulation of the learning process in both phases.

El objetivo del estudio es analizar el proceso de autorregulación del aprendizaje en entornos personales de aprendizaje. El análisis se enfoca en acciones realizadas y logros obtenidos por los estudiantes durante las fases de actuación y de reflexión de este proceso. Se aplicó un cuestionario, tipo escala Likert, a una muestra aleatoria por conglomerados del grado en Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Granada en España. Sobre los datos se realizan análisis descriptivos e inferenciales, también pruebas no paramétricas de correlaciones y de varianzas. Los resultados muestran que las herramientas digitales y los profesores son elementos importantes en el proceso de autorregulación del aprendizaje. En general, la población es exitosa en ambas fases de este proceso, también hay subgrupos de estudiantes que sobresalen por sus logros. Se concluye que el uso adecuado de las herramientas digitales del entorno personal de aprendizaje favorece la autorregulación del aprendizaje en ambas fases.

Nos últimos anos o consumo de achocolatados tem aumentado, principalmente pelo público infantil. Dessa maneira o controle de qualidade do produto em relação a sua composição, principalmente quanto à concentração dos minerais, torna-se importante para facilitar a escolha do produto pelo consumidor. Um método simples e rápido para a determinação de Fe, K e Na em amostras de achocolatado utilizando extração assistida por ultrassom foi proposto. As análises foram realizadas por fotometria de chama e espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização em chama (FAAS). O método proposto mostrou-se simples, rápido e preciso, apresentando limites de detecção (LOD) para o método de 10 mg.100g-1 para K e Na e 0,2 mg.100g-1 para Fe, e valores de RSD menores que 13%. Foram analisadas 10 amostras de achocolatado em pó de diferentes marcas e as concentrações obtidas comparadas aos valores estabelecidos pela Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos (TACO) e aos valores informados nos rótulos dos produtos. Os resultados obtidos, para a maioria das amostras, não estavam de acordo com os valores estabelecidos na tabela TACO e com os valores informados nos rótulos.

In recent years the consumption of chocolate powder has been increasing, mainly by kids, and for this reason quality control of the product in relation to its composition, especially regarding the mineral concentrations, is important to facilitate the choice of product by the consumers. A simple and quick method for the determination of Fe, K and Na in chocolate powder samples using ultrasound assisted extraction was proposed. The measurements were carried out using photometric detection and atomic absorption spectrophotometry with flame atomization (FAAS). The method was shown to be simple and accurate, with detection limits (LOD) of 10 mg.100g-1 for K and Na and 0,2 mg.100g-1 for Fe, and RSD values below 13%. To check the efficiency of the method, the results were compared with acid digestion. Ten chocolate powder samples of different brands were analyzed, and the concentrations obtained compared with those found in the Brazilian Table of Food Composition (TACO) and also with the values informed on the product labels. For the majority of samples the results obtained were not in accordance with the values established by the TACO tables or with those printed on the labels.