Abstract Introduction: The compliance with HH (hand hygiene) practices by health personnel is 38.7% worldwide. Using a multimodal strategy of the WHO (World Health Organization), alcohol based products was introduced. The campaign “The five moments of HH” encourages the use of this product which offers countless benefits, an important one being that it takes much less time compared to hand washing. Objective: To discover what the motivating factors or barriers are that favor or hinder the use of alcohol based products by health personnel, in order to increase compliance with HH according to the WHO multimodal strategy. Methods: Two databases were used; PubMed and CINHAL (from 2009 - 2019) The articles were selected according to inclusion - exclusion criteria. Results: From 30 articles, 12 were selected that had HH compliance, health personnel and alcohol based products as their main topics. They were organized into motivating factors and barriers: using infrastructure, product presentation and staff training. Discussion: Discovering the motivating factors and the barriers is essential to directing the efforts of strategies that include these points and to increase the compliance of HH with health personnel in order to reduce the HCAI (Health Care Associated Infection) and provide safe healthcare.

Resumen Introducción: La adherencia a la higiene de manos (HM) por parte del personal de salud es de 38% a nivel mundial. Con la estrategia multimodal de la OMS se incluyeron los preparados de base alcohólica como un componente para la mejora de la HM. La campaña “los 5 momentos de la HM” incentiva a utilizar este producto que, entre otros beneficios, su aplicación ocupa menor tiempo en comparación con el lavado de manos. Objetivo: Conocer cuáles son los factores facilitadores o las barreras que favorecen o dificultan el uso de preparados de base alcohólica por el personal de salud para aumentar la adherencia a la HM según la estrategia multimodal de la OMS. Métodos: Fueron utilizadas dos bases de datos PubMed y CINHAL (años 2009 - 2019). Los artículos fueron seleccionados según criterios de inclusión - exclusión. Resultados: De 30 artículos se seleccionaron 12, los que tenían como tema central la adherencia a la HM, personal de salud y preparados de base alcohólica. Se organizaron en facilitadores y barreras: infraestructura, presentación del producto y capacitación del personal. Discusión: Los facilitadores y barreras que más impacto reportan en aumentar la adherencia a la HM son la infraestructura, acceso, disponibilidad en el punto de atención, presentación del producto y capacitación al personal de salud sobre los productos de base alcohólica para la desinfección de las manos, con el fin de disminuir las IAAS y brindar una atención segura.

Ulomoides dermestoides es usado en medicina tradicional oriental para aliviar enfermedades inflamatorias y como afrodisíaco. En Colombia, comunidades campesinas lo consumen para el tratamiento del asma. El propósito de este estudio fue obtener extractos acuosos del cuerpo entero de U. dermestoides y explorar su potencial para inhibir enzimas involucradas en la biosíntesis de reguladores de la inflamación, la 15-lipoxigenasa (15-LOX) y las ciclooxigenasas COX-1 y COX-2 (COXs). Los extractos se obtuvieron con tampón salino fosfato 0,01M (PBS) y bicarbonato de amonio 0,1M (NH4HCO3), en presencia de un detergente (Tween-20 o Dodecilsulfato sódico, SDS). Posteriormente se determinó el contenido de proteínas totales solubles, el perfil electroforético y las actividades enzimáticas a 19 hidrolasas. Las inhibiciones 15-LOX y COXs se midieron por método colorimétrico y por inmunoensayo enzimático, respectivamente. El rendimiento más alto de proteínas se obtuvo con el tampón PBS/SDS (1,603 %p/p). Este extracto mostró 13 bandas electroforéticas mayoritarias, con tamaños entre 8,8 y 151,2 kDa; también, se demostraron actividades enzimáticafosfosfohidrolasas, peptidasas, esterasas, B-glucoronidasa, a-glucosidasa, N-acetil-B-glucosaminidasa y a-manosidasa. Todos los extractos mostraron actividad inhibitoria dual 15-LOX y COXs. Las inhibiciones 15-LOX y COX-1 más altas se obtuvieron con el extracto obtenido con PBS/SDS (15-LOX: 62,8±2,0%; COX-1: 88,5±3,9%). Adicionalmente, un análisis de regresión lineal simple mostró que no hay asociación entre la concentración de proteínas y la inhibición 15-LOX (valor p = 0,493), este resultado sugiere que la actividad anti-lipooxigenasa podría ser debido a compuestos no proteicos.

Ulomoides dermestoides is used in traditional oriental medicine to alleviate inflammatory diseases and as an aphrodisiac. In Colombia, rural communities consume it as treatment for asthma. The purpose of this study was to obtain aqueous extracts of whole body of U. dermestoides and explore their potential to inhibit enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of inflammation regulators, 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) and cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 (COXs). Extracts were obtained with phosphate buffered saline 0.01M (PBS) and ammonium bicarbonate 0.1M (NH4HCO3) in the presence of one detergent (Tween-20 or Sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS). Then, total soluble protein, electrophoretic profile and enzymatic activities at 19 hydrolases were determined. Inhibition of 15-LOX and COXs were measured by colorimetric method and enzymatic immunoassay respectively. The highest protein yield was obtained with PBS/SDS buffer (1.603 %p/p). This extract showed 13 major electrophoretic bands with molecular weights between 8.8 and 151.2 kDa; also, enzymatic phosphohydrolase, peptidase, esterase, B-glucuronidase, a-glucosidase, N-acetyl-B-glucosaminidase and a-mannosidase activities were proven. All extracts showed dual inhibitory activity for 15-LOX and COXs. The higher inhibitions for 15-LOX and COX-1 were obtained with PBS/SDS extract (15-LOX: 62.8±2%; COX-1: 88.5±3.9%). Additionally, a simple linear regression analysis showed non-relationship between the protein concentration and 15-LOX inhibition (p value = 0.493). This result suggests that anti-lipoxygenase activity could be due to non-protein compounds.

The syntheses of six prenylated acetophenone and benzaldehyde derivatives and their anti-phytopathogenic and antioxidant activities are reported. These compounds were obtained by electrophilic aromatic substitution (S E Ar) of the corresponding arenes and 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol using ZnCl2 as a Lewis acid catalyst in ethyl acetate. Reasonable to good yields were obtained based on unrecovered aromatic starting material (45-73%). All the synthesized compounds were evaluated against phytopathogenic gram-negative bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas syringae and Erwinia carotovora and plant fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora cinnamomi and Gibberella fujikuroi. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay and expressed as half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in μΜ concentrations. The antioxidant activity went from 27.20 μΜ to >100 μΜ. Compound 11 showed statistically significant inhibition of the growth of Botrytis cinerea, and compounds 13 and 15 showed statistically significant inhibition of the growth of Phytophthora cinnamomi, with respect to negative control fungal growth. All six compounds showed bacteriostatic effects against gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria with IC50 values between 250 and <3.9 μΜ.

The diversity of anthropogenic spiders in the city of Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico was studied using a systematized collection method in 4 sampling zones: urban with a garden, urban without a garden, suburban, and rural. The total species richness was 63 morphospecies, 49 genera and 21 families. The family Theridiidae had the highest diversity (22 species). The total abundance of spiders was 4,120 individuals, with the highest abundance in the urban zone with a garden (1,163 individuals). The most abundant species were: Physocyclus globosus (1,998 individuals) (Pholcidae), Oecobius navus (1,388) (Oecobidae), Nesticodes rufipes (313) (Theridiidae), Filistatoides sp.1 (83) (Filistatidae), and Dictyna jacalana (52) (Dictynidae). The abundance of spiders found on the first story of the 16 sampled houses was higher than the abundance of spiders found on the second one. The morphospecies richness was higher for spiders from the first story than those from the second one and higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. The highest diversity of spiders was found in the urban zone with a garden, both in the rainy and dry seasons. Based on the Morisita-Horm index, the urban zone with a garden and the suburban zone were the most similar in terms of spider diversity. The species accumulation curves are still a useful tool to evaluate sampling quality and compare inventories of mega-diverse groups, such as spiders.

Se estudió la diversidad de arañas antropogénicas de la ciudad de Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México, usando un método de recolecta sistematizado en 4 zonas de muestreo: urbana con jardín, urbana sin jardín, suburbana y rural. La riqueza total de especies fue de 63 morfoespecies, 49 géneros y 21 familias. Theridiidae fue la familia con la mayor diversidad (22 especies). La abundancia total de arañas fue de 4,120 individuos, con la mayor abundancia en la zona urbana con jardín (1,163 individuos). Las especies más abundantes fueron: Physocyclus globosus (1,998 individuos) (Pholcidae), Oecobius navus (1,388) (Oecobidae), Nesticodes rufipes (313) (Theridiidae), Filistatoides sp.1 (83) (Filistatidae), y Dictyna jacalana (52) (Dictynidae). La abundancia del primer piso de las 16 casas muestredas fue estadísticamente más alta que la del segundo. La riqueza de morfoespecies fue más alta en el primero que en el segundo piso. La diversidad más alta de arañas fue encontrada en la zona urbana con jardín, tanto en la temporada de lluvias como en la temporada seca. Basados en el índice de Morisita-Horn, la zona urbana con jardín y la zona suburbana tuvieron la más alta similitud en términos de diversidad de arañas. Las curvas de acumulación de especies siguen siendo una herramienta útil para evaluar la calidad del muestreo y comparar inventarios de grupos megadiversos, como es el caso de las arañas.

Vanillin, o-vanillin, natural and synthetic benzaldehydes and benzyl alcohols were assessed for antiproliferative effects using different human cell lines. Benzyl alcohols were synthesized from benzaldehydes reduced with NaBH4 in methanol solution. A new method for deprotection of ether compounds with TiCl4 solution was achieved with better performance, than previously reported. Twenty four compounds were tested. The in vitro growth inhibition assay was based on sulphorhodamine dye to quantify cell viability. Catechol 9 derived from piperonal as well as compounds 4 and 12 showed higher cytotoxicity on breast and prostate cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and PC-3 respectively). o-Vanillin 5 has the highest cytotoxicity for all cell lines. IC50 values of 35.40 ± 4.2 μM Breast MDA-MB231; 47.10 ± 3.8 μM Prostate PC-3; 72.50 + 5.4 μM Prostate DU-145; 85.10 + 6.5 μM and Colon HT-29, were obtained without toxicity towards dermal human fibroblast (DHF cells).

Natural geranylhydroquinone 1 and geranyl-p-methoxyphenol 2 were prepared by Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS) reactions between geraniol and 1,4-hydroquinone or p-methoxyphenol respectively, using BF3∙Et2O as a catalyst. Furthermore, natural geranylquinone 3, geranyl-1,4-dimethoxyquinone 4 and the new geranyl-4-methoxyphenyl acetate 5 were obtained by chemical transformations of 1 and 2. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity activities against cultured human cancer cells of PC-3 human prostate cancer, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma, and Dermal Human Fibroblasts DHF. IC50 values were in the µM range.