Resumen El potencial didáctico de los monolitos edafológicos es bien conocido en ámbitos relacionados con la Ciencia del Suelo; sin embargo, los eventos divulgativos sobre el suelo, aunque en auge, son todavía escasos. El Área de Edafología y Química Agrícola de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias de Palencia (Universidad de Valladolid) ha promovido la creación de una colección de monolitos de suelos característicos de las provincias de Palencia y Valladolid. Esta iniciativa surge con fines educativos, divulgativos y de sensibilización ambiental. Actualmente cuenta con dos mononolitos listos para ser expuestos junto con información adicional detallada. Su uso más inmediato será formar parte de una exposición sobre bosques y cambio climático en el Museo de la Ciencia de Valladolid, un evento integrado dentro del Proyecto “Ciencia en acción: Bosques y emergencia climática” (FECYT). En este contexto se pretende dar visibilidad al papel crucial de los suelos para combatir el cambio climático como secuestradores de CO2 entre un público no especializado. A corto plazo los monolitos se utilizarán en talleres de divulgación dentro de “La Noche Europea de los Investigadores” o la “Semana de la Ciencia de Castilla y León”, entre otros. Esta colección se irá ampliando en los próximos años y su uso se irá diversificando.

Abstract The didactic potential of soil monoliths is well known in areas related to soil science. However, informative events on soil, although on the rise, are still scarce. The Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Department of the Higher Technical School of Agricultural Engineering of Palencia (University of Valladolid) has promoted the creation of a collection of monoliths of characteristic soils from the provinces of Palencia and Valladolid. This initiative arises with educational, disseminative and environmental awareness purposes. There are currently two mononoliths ready to be exhibited along with additional detailed information. Its most immediate use will be to take part in an exhibition on forests and climate change at the Science Museum of Valladolid, an event integrated within the project "Science in action: Forests and climate emergency" (FECYT). In this context, the aim is to draw attention to the crucial role of soils in tackling climate change as CO2 sequestrators among a non-specialist public. In the short term, the monoliths will be used in outreach workshops as part of the "European Researchers' Night" or the "Castilla y León Science Week", among others. This collection will be expanded in the coming years and their use will be diversified.

RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento ponderal e a dinâmica dos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de cordeiros Pantaneiros submetidos a diferentes manejos de amamentação dos 15 aos 43 dias. Foram separados 30 cordeiros em três diferentes grupos (n=10). Os grupos foram caracterizados conforme o tempo de permanência das ovelhas com suas crias em diferentes sistemas de amamentação: MAM24 - ovelhas e cordeiros 24 horas em conjunto; MAM12 - ovelhas e cordeiros 12 horas em conjunto durante a noite; MAM2x30 - ovelhas e cordeiros 30 minutos de manhã e 30 minutos à tarde em conjunto. As coletas de amostras sanguíneas e as pesagens ocorriam a cada sete dias. Houve aumento significativo no peso com o avanço da idade dos cordeiros nos três manejos, mas os tratamentos não diferiram entre si para o ganho de peso. Houve diferenças entre os três tratamentos para a variável hematológica CHGM e para as variáveis bioquímicas AST, glicose, ureia e proteína total. As variáveis bioquímicas foram influenciadas pela faixa etária dos animais. Os diferentes manejos de amamentação não influenciaram o desenvolvimento ponderal dos cordeiros. Não ocorreram alterações patológicas. Alguns parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos podem ser influenciados pelo desenvolvimento etário dos cordeiros.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the weight development and the dynamics of hematological and biochemical parameters of Pantaneiro lambs submitted to different breastfeeding management from 15 to 43 days. First, 30 lambs were separated into three different groups (n = 10). The groups were characterized according to the length of stay of ewes with their young in different breastfeeding systems: MAM24 - ewes and lambs 24 hours together. MAM12- Sheep and lambs 12 hours together at night. MAM2x30 - sheep and lambs 30 minutes in the morning and 30 minutes in the afternoon together. Blood samples were collected and weighed every seven days. Significant increase in weight was observed with the age of the lambs in the three managements, but the treatments did not differ for weight gain. Differences were identified between the three treatments for the hematological variable CHGM and for the biochemical variables AST, glucose, urea and total protein. Correlating the age of the lambs with the biochemical variables, there was variation influenced by the age of the animals. The different management of breastfeeding did not influence the weight development of the lambs. Hematological and biochemical variations did not represent pathological changes. Some hematological and biochemical parameters may be influenced by the age development of lambs.

Se determinó la carga de sedimentos en suspensión (SS) y fósforo (P) durante eventos de lluvia-escorrentía en un arroyo de cabecera, que drena una cuenca rural ubicada en Galicia (NO España). Asimismo, se trató de conocer las principales fuentes de SS y P exportados. Se observaron acusadas diferencias en la carga de SS y P entre eventos, lo cual se asocia con el volumen de escorrentía, así como con el desarrollo de surcos y cárcavas efímeras en parcelas de cultivo bien conectadas con la red de drenaje. La carga de SS osciló entre 0,8 y 21,0 t mientras que la de P varió entre 2,5 y 20,0 kg. El fósforo particulado (PP) mostró relaciones significativas con los SS, lo que indica el origen erosivo de una parte importante de P, especialmente considerando que el PP supone más de un 80% del P exportado en cada evento.

This work examines the suspended sediment (SS) and phosphorus (P) load during rainfall-runoff events in a headwater stream which drains a rural catchment located in Galicia (NW Spain). Another objective is to know the major sources of SS and P exported. Important differences in the SS and P load between events were found, which is associated with the runoff volume, as well as to develop of rills and ephemeral gullies in cultivated fields well connected to the drainage network. The SS load ranged between 0.8 and 21.0 t, while the P load varied between 2.5 and 20.0 kg. The particulate phosphorus (PP) showed significant relationship with SS, which indicates the erosive origin of P, especially considering that PP means more 80% of P exported each event.

In this work, an optimization model that considers thermal and hydraulic interactions is developed for a cooling water system. It is a closed loop consisting of a cooling tower unit, circulation pump, blower and heat exchanger-pipe network. Aside from process disturbances, climatic fluctuations are considered. Model constraints include relations concerning tower performance, air flowrate requirement, make-up flowrate, circulating pump performance, heat load in each cooler, pressure drop constraints and climatic conditions. The objective function is operating cost minimization. Optimization variables are air flowrate, forced water withdrawal upstream the tower, and valve adjustment in each branch. It is found that the most significant operating cost is related to electricity. However, for cooled water temperatures lower than a specific target, there must be a forced withdrawal of circulating water and further makeup to enhance the cooling tower capacity. Additionally, the system is optimized along the months. The results corroborate the fact that the most important variable on cooling tower performance is not the air temperature itself, but its humidity.