Abstract BRS A705 is an early-maturing cultivar developed by Embrapa, recommended for irrigated cultivation. The plants have high tillering and moderate resistance to the main diseases. This cultivar has short stature, which confers a greater tolerance to lodging. It presents high yield and long and fine grains of excellent quality. A A70 earlymaturing early maturing Embrapa cultivation diseases stature lodging quality A7

Abstract Cultivar BRS A706 CL is a new rice cultivar, resistant to herbicides of the chemical group of imidazolinones, with a yield potential of 15,635 kg ha-1. It has intermediate maturation, lodging tolerance, the stay green trait, moderate rice blast resistance, a high milling yield and premium grain quality.

Abstract BRS Pampa CL is a rice cultivar developed by Embrapa, recommended for irrigated cultivation in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. It shows modern architecture, high tiller ing, early cycle, and tolerance to the imidazolinone herbicide Kifix®. It stands out for its high yield potential and excellent grain quality.

Abstract BRS A502 is an upland rice cultivar with a medium cycle, high resistance to lodging, superior yield potential and grains of excellent industrial and cooking quality. The cultivar is indicated for crop rotation and succession in areas under intensive agriculture in the main field crop regions of Brazil.

O sucesso de um programa de melhoramento genético depende da seleção de genótipos superiores para características múltiplas em simultâneo, e uma alternativa é utilizar os índices de seleção. Neste trabalho, os índices “Smith-Hazel”, “Base”, “Sum of Ranks” e “Z” foram usados para selecionar genótipos de arroz em zonas de elevada altitude para quatro características. Cinco variedades comerciais e 191 genótipos F2:4 foram avaliados para as características: números de dias à floração, altura, resistência a piricularia e produção de grão, em quatro ambientes. A correlação genética entre os pares de características, a resposta de seleção para cada caracter e o resultado da correlação, considerando a seleção para o número de dias à floração e a produção de grão foi obtida usando uma intensidade de seleção de 20%. A resposta prevista para a seleção de cada caracter foi expressiva, mas a resposta para a seleção indireta não foi efetiva. O índice de seleção mais eficiente foi o índice Z que mostrou melhor resposta quando se consideraram todos os tratamentos em simultâneo, foi fácil de implementar e separou graficamente o desempenho dos genótipos para cada característica. Assim, o índice Z pode aumentar a eficiência da seleção para características múltiplas em programas de melhoramento de arroz para zonas de altitude.

The success of any breeding program depends on the ability of the breeder to select genetically superior progenies for multiple traits simultaneously, and an alternative is the use of selection indexes. In this study, the selection indexes of Smith-Hazel, Base Index, Sum of Ranks, and Index Z were used to select superior upland rice progenies for four important agronomic traits. Five commercial cultivars and 191 progenies F2:4 of upland rice were evaluated for days for flowering, plant height, blast resistance, and grain yield in four environments. The genetic correlation between pairs of traits, the response of selection in each trait and the correlated response considering the selection for number of days to flowering and the response in grain yield were obtained, using an intensity of selectionof 20%. The predicted response to selection of each trait was expressive, but the indirect selection response was not effective. The most efficient selection was obtained by Z Index, which showed the highest response considering all traits simultaneously and was also easy to implement and to interpret graphically interpretation. Therefore, the Z Index can greatly increase the efficiency of selection for multiple traits in upland rice breeding programs.

RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar a tolerância à deficiência hídrica de cultivares e linhagens elites de arroz de terras altas e as características agronômicas relacionadas com essa tolerância. Avaliaram-se 41 genótipos no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições, em experimentos com e sem deficiência hídrica, na Estação Experimental da Emater em Porangatu, Goiás, em 2011 e 2012. O primeiro foi irrigado adequadamente durante todo o desenvolvimento das plantas e o outro apenas até aos 40 dias após a emergência, quando foi aplicada a deficiência hídrica. Aplicou-se a análise multivariada e pelo método de Ward classificaram-se os genótipos em seis e sete grupos, considerando-se os valores médios das produtividades nos dois anos de condução dos experimentos, com e sem deficiência hídrica, respectivamente. O grupo mais produtivo sob condições de deficiência hídrica foi composto pelos genótipos AB062041, Douradão, Guarani, BRS Aimoré e Tangará. Os quatro primeiros genótipos desse grupo foram também classificados no segundo grupo mais produtivo sob condições de irrigação adequada. Na seleção para tolerância à deficiência hídrica deve-se priorizar genótipos que apresentem, sob essa condição, precocidade e panículas menos densas, porém com baixa esterilidade e com maior massa de 100 grãos.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify upland rice cultivars and elite lines that are tolerant to drought and the agronomic traits associated with this tolerance. Forty-one genotypes were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications in experiments with and without water stress at the Experimental Station of Emater, in Porangatu, Goiás State, in 2011 and 2012. The first experiment was well-irrigated throughout plant development and the second experiment was irrigated only up to 40 days after emergence, after which water stress was imposed. A multivariate analysis using Ward's method was applied, and the genotypes with and without water stress were classified into six and seven clusters, respectively, based on the average yield in the two years of experimentation. The most productive cluster under water stress comprised the genotypes AB062041, Douradão, Guarani, BRS Aimoré, and Tangará. The first four genotypes of this cluster were also ranked in the second most productive cluster under well-irrigated conditions. In the selection for drought tolerance, the genotypes that exhibit precocity, less dense panicles, low sterility and greater 100-grain weight under water stress should be prioritized.

Periodic assessment of the genetic progress made in recurrent selection programs is essential for assessing the evolution of the programs and identifying the main factors that have contributed to this progress. This study aimed to estimate genetic progress in grain yield, plant height and days-to-flowering achieved in the CNA6 population of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.), after four cycles of recurrent selection; and evaluate the genetic potential of this population to generate superior inbred lines after each selection cycle. The experimental data were obtained from progeny yield trials of each recurrent selection cycle. These trials were carried out in two or three locations per cycle, and consisted of S0:2 progenies and at least three checks. Federer’s augmented block design, with one replication on location (the environment), was adopted. Results revealed genetic progress for grain yield and plant height, with total genetic gains of 375.87 kg ha−1 and -3.90 cm, respectively, during the four selection cycles. The annual relative gain observed for grain yield was 1.54 %. The genetic potential of the population was analysed by the expected proportion of superior inbred lines. The standard adopted as the limit for obtaining superior inbred lines was the average of the checks for each trait. The genetic potential for grain yield and plant height increased during the study period. For days-to-flowering, no genetic gain occurred; however, the genetic potential of the population to generate superior inbred lines for this trait was maintained after the selection cycles.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a possibilidade de uso de parâmetros fisiológicos de tolerância à deficiência hídrica como método auxiliar na seleção de genótipos de arroz de terras altas. Dois experimentos - um com e outro sem deficit hídrico - foram realizados em Porangatu, GO; o com deficit hídrico recebeu cerca da metade da irrigação que foi aplicada ao tratamento bem irrigado. Avaliaram-se quatro genótipos com diferentes níveis de tolerância ao estresse hídrico. Os genótipos UPLRI 7, B6144F-MR-6-0-0 e IR80312-6-B-3-2-B, em condições de estresse hídrico ao longo do dia, apresentaram menor resistência difusiva estomática, maior potencial de água nas folhas e menor temperatura das folhas do que a testemunha. Esses genótipos apresentaram as maiores produtividades em condições de deficiência hídrica, que foram respectivamente 534, 601 e 636 kg ha-1, e não diferiram significativamente entre si. Eles também apresentaram menores índices de susceptibilidade à seca do que os outros genótipos. 'BRS Soberana' (testemunha suscetível) foi totalmente improdutiva em condições de deficiência hídrica. A temperatura das folhas é um parâmetro de fácil leitura correlacionado à condição hídrica da planta, viável para selecionar genótipos de arroz quanto à tolerância ao deficit hídrico.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of using physiological parameters for water deficit tolerance, as an auxiliary method for selection of upland rice genotypes. Two experiments - with or without water deficit - were carried out in Porangatu, in the state of Goiás, Brazil; the water deficit experiment received about half of irrigation that was applied to the well-watered experiment. Four genotypes with different tolerance levels to water stress were evaluated. The UPLRI 7, B6144F-MR-6-0-0, and IR80312-6-B-3-2-B genotypes, under water stress conditions, during the day, showed lower stomatal diffusive resistance, higher leaf water potential, and lower leaf temperature than the control. These genotypes showed the highest grain yields under water stress conditions, which were 534, 601, and 636 kg ha-1, respectively, and did not differ significantly among them. They also showed lower drought susceptibility index than the other genotypes. 'BRS Soberana' (susceptible control) was totally unproductive under drought conditions. Leaf temperature is a easy-read parameter correlated to plant-water status, viable for selecting rice genotypes for water deficit tolerance.

The release of rice cultivar BRSGO Serra Dourada was based on favorable results from evaluation trials and units of observation implemented in farmers' properties. These farmers preferred the new cultivar, mainly due to its grain quality, resistance to lodging and blast (Magnaporthe grisea) and good productive potential.