Abstract Introduction: Neuromonitoring (electroencephalogram [EEG] and cerebral oximetry) is essential for appropriate anesthesia and neuroprotection assessment during pediatric cardiac surgery. Methods: We describe the intraoperative pediatric multimodal and multiparametric neuromonitoring pattern of the software system Neuron-Spectrum (Kandel®) that consists of continuous electroencephalogram (cEEG), spectral analysis, amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG), depth of anesthesia monitor (NINDEX), and regional cerebral and somatic oximetry (near-infrared spectroscopy-INVOS™). A physiological algorithm for management using neuromonitoring and physiological data is also described. Results: Visual data examples are presented for interpretation of the cerebral perfusion and oxygenation, neurophysiological state, anesthesia depth, possible neurologic predictions, and identification of cerebral drug effects (EEG signature). Conclusion: The neuromonitoring model can be an effective tool for anesthesia control and to provide adequate cerebral oxygenation during surgery.

ABSTRACT Acute vulvar ulcer (Lipschütz’s ulcer) is a rare lesion with local hyperimmunoreactivity triggered by infection, which is characterized by acute, painful, and necrotic ulcerations. This condition is usually found in non-sexually active adolescents, and it resolves spontaneously. We report a case of a 35-year-old woman who was diagnosed with COVID-19 who did not have severe symptoms, but had high levels of D-dimer for 9 days. The COVID-19 diagnosis was followed by the appearance of an acute, necrotic, extremely painful vulvar ulcer, although symptoms caused by COVID-19 had improved. We emphasize the importance of the differential diagnosis to exclude diseases such as Behçet’s syndrome, Sexually Transmitted Infections, as well as the presence of viruses that generally trigger Lipschütz’s ulcer, such as Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus. No treatment is usually necessary, however, in the present report due to the pain experienced by the patient, we successfully used oral prednisone.

OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores que possam influenciar na recorrência do endometrioma ovariano após tratamento videolaparoscópico.MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo. Foram avaliadas 129 pacientes submetidas à videolaparoscopia, entre 2003 e 2012, para tratamento de endometrioma ovariano, com seguimento pós-operatório mínimo de 2 anos. Foi realizada ultrassonografia transvaginal para excluir persistência da lesão e identificação de recidiva. Para comparação de variáveis contínuas foi utilizado o teste t de Student, e para o teste de homogeneidade entre as proporções, o teste do χ2 ou exato de Fisher (para frequências menores do que cinco). Para a obtenção de fatores prognósticos ligados à recidiva foi aplicado o modelo de regressão linear multivariado. O nível de significância utilizado para a análise foi de 5%.RESULTADOS: A taxa de recorrência foi de 18.6%. O tamanho do endometrioma, a modalidade cirúrgica empregada e os dados demográficos como idade, índice de massa corpórea, presença de sintomas, tabagismo e prática de exercícios físicos não se associaram ao aumento da recorrência. Foi observado que a interrupção do tratamento clínico pós-operatório apresentou risco significativo para aumento da recorrência (OR 23,7; IC95% 5,26-107,05; p=0,001).CONCLUSÃO: O uso contínuo de contracepção oral parece reduzir dramaticamente a taxa de recidiva de endometrioma ovariano. Neste estudo, a interrupção do tratamento foi o fator associado com maior taxa de recidiva da lesão após o tratamento videolaparoscópico.

PURPOSE: To analyze the factors that might influence the recurrence of ovarian endometriomas after laparoscopic excision.METHODS: A retrospective cohort study. We evaluated 129 patients who underwent laparoscopic excision of ovarian endometriomas from 2003 to 2012 and who were followed up for at least two years after surgery. Vaginal ultrasound was repeated to exclude persistent lesion and to identify recurrence. The Student's t-test was used to compare continuous variables and the χ2 or Fischer exact test (for values of less than five) was used to test homogeneity between proportions. A logistic regression model for multivariate proportional hazards was used to analyze predictors of long-term outcome. The level of significance was set at 5% in all analyses.RESULTS: The overall rate of ovarian endometrioma recurrence was 18.6%. Endometrioma diameter, surgical procedure techniques and demographic data such as age, presenting symptoms, body mass index, smoking and physical exercise habits were not associated with recurrence, whereas interruption of postoperative medical treatment was significantly correlated with a higher recurrence rate (OR 23.7; 95%CI 5.26-107.05; p=0.001).CONCLUSION: Current oral contraceptive use appears to be associated with a dramatic reduction in the risk of recurrence of ovarian endometriotic cysts. Treatment interruption was associated with a higher recurrence rate of ovarian endometrioma after laparoscopic treatment.

Over 70 species of Halichondria Fleming, 1828 are known world-wide, but only five from the Brazilian Coast. Brazilian records have their status re-evaluated here, and four new species are described for the São Sebastião Channel area, in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic, viz. H. cebimarensis sp. n., H. sulfurea sp. n., H. migottea sp. n. and H. tenebrica sp. n.