Resumo: A questão da liberdade em Foucault torna-se problematizada, quando relacionada com os impedimentos, previstos pelo autor, para os sujeitos se situarem fora das redes de poder. Todavia, Foucault também destaca potencialidades de resistências e uma noção de liberdade envolvida pelas circunstâncias históricas, o que sugere questões normativas originais. De modo a analisar a tensão entre dominação e liberdade em sua obra, e o que se reflete normativamente, notam-se duas direções principais: a ideia de liberdade como algo inerente às relações de poder e como fundamento do exercício crítico do conhecimento. Busca-se argumentar que a valorização de dimensões de liberdade, elaborada por Foucault, gera implicações singulares de avaliação das condições sociais, embasadas em uma temperança normativa. Resumo tornase torna problematizada impedimentos autor Todavia históricas originais obra normativamente notamse notam principais conhecimento Buscase Busca sociais normativa

Abstract: The topic of liberty in Foucault becomes controversial when related to the objections, predicted by the author, for the subjects to be located outside the power networks. However, Foucault also points out potential for resistance and a notion of freedom involved by historical circumstances, which suggests original normative questions. In order to analyze the tension between domination and freedom in his work, and what is normatively reflected, two main directions are noted: the idea of freedom as something inherent in power relations and as the foundation of the critical exercise of knowledge. It is argued that Foucault`s estimation of dimensions of freedom generates singular implications of evaluation of social conditions based on a normative temperance. Abstract objections author networks However circumstances questions work reflected noted knowledge Foucaults s temperance

This study describes the validation of a headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization (HS-GC-FID) method for the determination of propanal, pentanal, hexanal, octanal, and trans-2-nonenal originated by lipid oxidation from cat food samples, as well as the evaluation of the matrix effect in the results. This method was applied to the analysis of commercial cat food and proved to be suitable for the determination of these volatile compounds in different samples. Mean recoveries between 88 and 109% were obtained and repeatability expressed as relative standard deviation was always lower than 6.95%. The intra- and inter-assay precisions ranged from 0.44 to 20.88% and from 0.45 to 20.52%, respectively. In addition, the matrix effect of cat food samples was determined by comparing the slopes of the standard addition method, and the external calibration curve and its influences were verified. These results highlight the high potential of this method, which allows the determination of lipid oxidation products in cat food samples directly, without requiring prior sample preparation techniques.

Abstract Healthcare workers present an increased risk of contagion for the SARS-CoV-2 virus due to their labor exposure. Here, we describe the clinical, laboratory, and immunological characteristics of healthcare workers, before vaccine application, exposed to SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory information from 50 professionals who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Clinical Hospital of the Northwest in Brazil. The results showed that most workers are women, over 50 years old, and worked as nursing technicians. Approximately 56% of workers were positive for a previous infection by RT-PCR and/or anti-SARS-CoV-2-immunoglobulin tests. Increased levels of hematocrit, neutrophils, NK lymphocytes, and fibrinogen, were found in positive healthcare workers, suggesting a light inflammatory status. The immunological findings showed an increase in IL-17 production and a Th2/Th17/Th22 profile followed by high serology for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG. Those data reveal the importance of studies with healthcare workers to investigate if the continuous exposition to the virus may result in chronic activation of the immune system and/or pulmonary inflammation in this target group.

Abstract Methane emission from beef and dairy cattle combined contributes around 4.5-5.0% of total anthropogenic global methane. In addition to enteric methane (CH4) produced by the rumen, cattle production also contributes carbon dioxide (CO2) (feed), nitrous oxide (N2O) (feed production, manure) and other CH4 (manure) to the total greenhouse gas (GHG) budget of beef and dairy production systems. The relative contribution in standard dairy systems is typically enteric CH4 58%, feed 29% and manure 10%. Herds with low production efficiency can have an enteric CH4 contribution up to 90%. Digestibility of feed can impact CH4 emission intensity. Low fertility herds also have a greater enteric CH4 contribution. Animals with good feed conversion efficiency have a lower emission intensity of CH4/kg of meat or milk. Feed efficient heifers tend to be lean and have delayed puberty. Fertility is a major driver of profit in both beef and dairy cattle, and it is highly important to apply multi-trait selection when shifting herds towards improved efficiency and reduced CH4. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified for feed efficiency in cattle and are used in genomic selection. SNPs can be utilized in artificial insemination and embryo transfer to increase the proportion of cattle that have the attributes of efficiency, fertility and reduced enteric CH4. Prepubertal heifers genomically selected for favourable traits can have oocytes recovered to produce IVF embryos. Reproductive technology is predicted to be increasingly adopted to reduce generation interval and accelerate the rate of genetic gain for efficiency, fertility and low CH4 in cattle. The relatively high contribution of cattle to anthropogenic global methane has focussed attention on strategies to reduce enteric CH4 without compromising efficiency and fertility. Assisted reproductive technology has an important role in achieving the goal of multiplying and distributing cattle that have good efficiency, fertility and low CH4.

Resumo O desgaste físico e emocional durante a jornada de pessoas inférteis pelas tecnologias de reprodução assistida é suficiente para justificar esforços no desenvolvimento de estratégias de tratamento compassivas. Desta forma, a menor duração dos protocolos de estimulação ovariana e a necessidade de menos injeções podem melhorar a adesão, prevenir erros e reduzir custos financeiros. Portanto, a estimulação folicular sustentada da alfacorifolitropina parece ser a característica farmacocinética que melhor a diferencia das gonadotrofinas atualmente disponíveis no mercado. No presente artigo, reunimos evidências sobre seu uso, com o objetivo de fornecer as informações necessárias para considerá-la como primeira escolha quando se deseja uma estratégia amigável ao paciente. compassivas forma adesão financeiros Portanto mercado artigo uso considerála considerá la paciente

Abstract Physical and emotional burdens during the journey of infertile people through assisted reproductive technologies are sufficient to justify the efforts in developing patient-friendly treatment strategies. Thus, shorter duration of ovarian stimulation protocols and the need for less injections may improve adherence, prevent mistakes, and reduce financial costs. Therefore, the sustained follicle-stimulating action of corifollitropin alfa may be the most differentiating pharmacokinetic characteristic among available gonadotropins. In this paper, we gather the evidence on its use, aiming to provide the information needed for considering it as a first choice when a patient-friendly strategy is desired. patientfriendly patient friendly strategies Thus adherence mistakes costs Therefore folliclestimulating follicle stimulating gonadotropins paper use desired

Resumo Este artigo analisa a segurança humana em Portugal e a forma como esta interage com a desigualdade. Utilizamos dados representativos de inquéritos para discutir os determinantes individuais de várias dimensões da segurança humana que vão para além da estrita conceção da ausência de ameaças físicas, numa perspetiva multidimensional, abrangendo a segurança ambiental e as condições de vida. Embora Portugal seja um dos países mais seguros do mundo, documentamos que as mulheres, os grupos com baixos rendimentos, os idosos e os jovens sentem-se frequentemente menos seguros. Mostramos, no entanto, que numa perspetiva mais ampla, Portugal tem menos segurança, pois o rendimento, a alimentação, a habitação e a segurança sanitária são, em muitos casos, mais elevados no país do que em muitos outros países da União Europeia.

Abstract This paper analyses human security in Portugal, and how it interact with inequality. We use representative survey data to discuss the individual determinants of several dimensions of human security that go beyond the narrow conception of the absence of physical threats, into a multidimensional perspective, encompassing environmental security, and living conditions. Albeit Portugal is one of the safest countries in the world, we document that women, low income groups, the elderly and younger people often feel less safe. We show, however, that in a broader perspective, Portugal fares less well, as income, food, housing and health security are, in many cases, higher in the country than in many other European Union countries.

Resumen Diversos estudios han comprobado que la progesterona tiene un efecto directo en la calidad ovocitaria y el desarrollo inicial embrionario. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la concentración de la progesterona (P4) plasmática en el desarrollo de embriones in vitro en vacas de raza Bos taurus taurus (Holstein) y Bos taurus indicus (Gyr). Se utilizaron vacas Holstein y Gyr multíparas, presincronizadas con la aplicación de dos dosis de D-cloprostenol con intervalo de once días. Posteriormente, se distribuyeron en uno de tres grupos experimentales inducidos a diferentes niveles plasmáticos de progesterona. El grupo control fue sincronizado utilizando únicamente D-cloprostenol sin progesterona exógena, el grupo progesterona baja recibió un implante auricular de norgestomet de segundo uso y al grupo progesterona alta se le aplicaron dos implantes auriculares de norgestomet nuevos. Los resultados evidencian que la concentración plasmática de progesterona fue significativamente diferente (P < 0,05) tanto para las vacas Holstein (0,22 ± 0,15, 2,23 ± 0,17 y 5,32 ± 0,22 ng/mL) como para las vacas Gyr (0,24 ± 0,19, 2,05 ± 0,17, 4,85 ± 0,20 ng/mL) entre los grupos control, progesterona baja y progesterona alta, respectivamente. Las vacas Gyr presentaron diferencia (P < 0,05) en la tasa de clivaje del grupo progesterona baja en relación con los grupos control y progesterona alta (87,9 % ± 0,11 vs 77,5 % ± 0,13 y 76,4 % ± 0,10, respectivamente) y en la variable tasa de blastocistos del grupo progesterona baja (48,3 % ± 0,16) en relación con el grupo control (35,8 % ± 0,10) y el grupo progesterona alta (30,4 % ± 0,20). Se concluye que la progesterona tuvo efecto sobre el desarrollo embrionario en vagas de raza Gyr, el cual no se evidenció en las vacas de raza Holstein.

Abstract Studies have shown that progesterone has a direct effect on oocyte quality and early embryonic development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of plasma progesterone (P4) concentration on in vitro embryo development in Bos taurus taurus (Holstein) and Bos taurus indicus (Gyr) cows. Multiparous Holstein and Gyr cows were used, and they were presynchronized with the application of two doses of D-cloprostenol with an interval of 11 days. They were latter distributed in one of three experimental groups induced to different plasma levels of progesterone: control group was synchronized using only D-cloprostenol without exogenous progesterone, low progesterone group received an auricular implant of norgestomet of second use, and high progesterone group received two new auricular implants of norgestomet. The plasma progesterone concentration was significantly different (P < 0.05) for both Holstein cows (0.22 ± 0.15, 2.23 ± 0.17 and 5.32 ± 0.22 ng/mL) and Gyr cows (0.24 ± 0.19, 2.05 ± 0.17, 4.85 ± 0.20 ng/mL) between control, low progesterone, and high progesterone groups respectively. Gyr cows presented differences (P < 0.05) in the cleavage rate of the low progesterone group in relation to the control and high progesterone groups (87.9 % ± 0.11 vs. 77.5 % ± 0.13 and 76.4 % ± 0.10, respectively) and in the variable blastocyst rate of the low progesterone group (48.3 % ± 0.16) in relation to the control group (35.8 % ± 0.10) and the high progesterone group (30.4 % ± 0.20). It is concluded that there is an effect of progesterone on embryonic development of Gyr cows. However, this effect is not evidenced in Holstein cows.

ABSTRACT The municipality of Paracambi (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) reports sporadic cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). Previous studies detected Nyssomyia intermedia (Diptera: Psychodidae) as the main vector in the region, but its spatial distribution and the presence of other vector species have not been evaluated. This study aims at filling this knowledge gap, by studying the ecology of sand flies, their spatiotemporal distribution, and correlation with land use/cover. Two campaigns of monthly sand fly collections using light traps and manual captures were conducted in 1992–1994 and 2001–2003. Females were dissected to detect natural Leishmania infections. The spatial distribution of sand flies was assessed using kernel density maps. Correlations with land use/cover were evaluated by extracting satellite imagery data around the capture points. A total of 17,232 sand flies from 13 species were captured. Medically important species included Ny. intermedia, Migonemyia migonei, Pintomyia fischeri and Ny. whitmani. No Leishmania-infected females were detected. Highest densities were detected in the peri-urban areas Cascata and Sabugo, and in rural areas São José and Mutirão. Ny. intermedia had statistically significant correlations with pasture and agricultural areas. Present results strengthened that Ny. intermedia and Mg. migonei are the main local ACL vectors. Correlations with land use evidence the association between ACL and anthropic environmental change.

Abstract Health professionals working to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic are one of the main risk groups for the disease, being prioritized for vaccination. Considering this, the aim of this study was to analyze the immune response of these professionals immunized with CoronaVac in the first and second doses. Blood samples were collected after the first and second doses of the vaccine (CoronaVac) and used to investigate hematological and biochemical parameters, analysis of immunoglobulin production, cytokines, and gene expression profile, as well as the identification of subsets of immune cells. Post-first dose immunological phenotypic memory (CD27+) profiles (T CD4+, TCD8+ and CD19+) showed a significant increase, as did Monocyte APCs (CD80+HLA-DR+) in relation to the second dose. The cytokines IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-° showed increased values in relation to the other analyzed cytokines. The Th2/Th17 profile in the second dose was characterized by gene expression analysis. The production of IgM and IgG after vaccination showed statistically significant values in the comparison between doses. CoronaVac showed activation of APCs monocytes, memory response of T and B lymphocytes, with immunoglobulins production. This set of responses is characterized by the Th2/Th17 immunological profile.

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of crude protein (CP) reduction in four diets (156, 139, 132, and 127 g Kg-1 DM) maintaining constant metabolizable protein (188 g/day) on the follicular fluid and cumulus-oocyte complexes of mid-lactating Girolando cows. Twenty-two Girolando cows with average of 21.55 ±3.19 L daily milk yield, 105.30 ±22.62 days in lactation and 3.22 ±0.03 body condition score were selected. To reduce CP in diets and maintain constant metabolizable protein, urea and soybean meal were gradually replaced by lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal (SoyPass®, Cargill), resulting in an increase in rumen-undegradable protein and a reduction in rumen degradable protein. A linear and quadratic reduction was observed in the plasma and follicular fluid urea nitrogen concentration following CP reduction, with the most intense reduction occurring in the 127 g Kg-1 DM group (p<0.001). As CP reduced, there was a tendency for a linear increase in the follicular growth rate (P=0.0696), on the number and proportion of viable oocytes (P<0.09), and also a linear increase for the number (P=0.0397) and proportion (P<0.09) of grade I viable oocytes. Plus, there was a linear effect for the number of cumulus oophorus cells. Cows fed with the lowest amount of CP had cumulus-oocyte complexes with higher numbers of cumulus oophorus cells (P=0.0238). Also, the reduction of diet crude protein was followed by a decrease in the probability of oocytes’ DNA degradation. In conclusion, the reduction of CP in the diet of mid-lactating Girolando cows, reduces urea nitrogen concentration in both blood plasma and follicular fluid, and, as a consequence, increases the viability of oocytes and the number of cumulus oophorus cells while reducing oocytes’ DNA degradation of follicular included cumulus-oocyte complex. The reduction on dietary CP may improve in vivo oocytes’ embryo development impacting fertility of lactating dairy cows.

Resumo Relatamos um caso de obtenção ex vivo de óvulos, guiada por ultrassonografia, para preservação da fertilidade em uma mulher com tumor ovariano borderline bilateral, para quem a recuperação transvaginal convencional foi considerada insegura, devido ao aumento do risco de disseminação de célulasmalignas. Foi realizada estimulação ovariana com gonadotrofinas. A cirurgia foi agendada de acordo com a resposta ovariana à estimulação gonadotrófica exógena; após ooforectomia por laparoscopia, ~ 37 horas após a maturação folicular, procedeu-se à recuperação extracorpórea de oócitos. Umtotal de 20 folículos ovarianos foi aspirado e 16 complexos cumulus foramobtidos, resultando na vitrificação de 12 oócitos maduros e de 3 oócitos imaturos amadurecidos in vitro. Nosso resultado enfatiza a viabilidade da recuperação ex vivo de oócitos maduros após estimulação ovariana controlada para mulheres com alto risco de disseminação maligna pela captação oocitária realizada convencionalmente pela via transvaginal.

Abstract We report a case of ultrasound-guided ex vivo oocyte retrieval for fertility preservation in a woman with bilateral borderline ovarian tumor, for whom conventional transvaginal oocyte retrieval was deemed unsafe because of the increased risk of malignant cell spillage. Ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins was performed. Surgery was scheduled according to the ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropic stimulation; oophorectomized specimens were obtained by laparoscopy, and oocyte retrieval was performed ~ 37 hours after the ovulatory trigger. The sum of 20 ovarian follicles were aspirated, and 16 oocytes were obtained.We performed vitrification of 12 metaphase II oocytes and 3 oocytes matured in vitro. Our result emphasizes the viability of ex vivo mature oocyte retrieval after controlled ovarian stimulation for those with high risk of malignant dissemination by conventional approach.

Resumo As informações científicas sobre o impacto do novo coronavírus, SARS-CoV-2, na saúde de gestantes, fetos e recém-nascidos são consideradas de confiabilidade limitada, sem evidências de boa qualidade, e levam a conclusões enviesadas. De fato, as impressões iniciais de que a evolução da Covid-19 não era diferente entre mulheres grávidas e não grávidas, e de que o SARS-CoV-2 não era transmitido verticalmente, são confrontadas pela documentação de agravamentos da doença durante a gravidez, resultados obstétricos negativos, e a possibilidade de transmissão vertical. Este artigo tem como objetivo compilar os dados disponíveis sobre a associação entre a Covid-19 e os eventos reprodutivos, desde a concepção até o nascimento.

Abstract Scientific information on the impact of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) on the health of pregnant women, fetuses and newborns is considered of limited confidence, lacking good-quality evidence, and drawing biased conclusions. As a matter of fact, the initial impressions that the evolution of COVID-19 was no different between pregnant and non-pregnant women, and that SARS-CoV-2 was not vertically transmitted, are confronted by the documentation of worsening of the disease during pregnancy, poor obstetric outcomes, and the possibility of vertical transmission. The present article aims to compile the data available on the association of COVID-19 and reproductive events, from conception to birth.