RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a importância da análise de variância (ANOVA) geral preliminar na interpretação dos dados de experimentos fatoriais sob nulidade total. Para isso, avaliou-se as taxas de erro tipo I familiar (FWER acumulada) do teste F para os componentes do desdobramento da ANOVA fatorial e da ANOVA fatorial on ranks, em comparação à FWER para o efeito global de tratamentos. Além disso, avaliou-se a FWER do teste de Tukey sob nulidade total para experimentos fatoriais na presença ou ausência da proteção da ANOVA preliminar (teste F global). O estudo foi conduzido a partir da simulação de dados de 2000 experimentos, separados em quatro cenários representativos da pesquisa agrícola. Tanto para a ANOVA fatorial paramétrica, quanto para a ANOVA fatorial não-paramétrica, as FWER ultrapassaram significativamente o nível nominal de 5%, mesmo sob nulidade total. Enquanto os testes que controlam a FWER total nos fatoriais não estiverem sendo utilizados, a ANOVA fatorial não deve ser realizada sem que o teste F da ANOVA preliminar acuse um efeito significativo. O mesmo, evidentemente, não se aplica aos testes que não são de comparações múltiplas, como Bonferroni, Dunn-Sidak e outros, que não precisam proteção da ANOVA. A mesma recomendação se aplica à ANOVA fatorial on ranks.

ABSTRACT: This research evaluated the importance of a preliminary general analysis of variance (ANOVA) in the interpretation of data from factorial experiments under total nullity. For this, we evaluated the familywise type I error rate (accumulated FWER) of the F test for the unfolding of factorial ANOVA and factorial ANOVA on ranks, which were compared with the FWER for the global effect of treatments. In addition, we evaluated the FWER of the Tukey’s test under total nullity for factorial experiments in the presence or absence of preliminary ANOVA protection (omnibus F test). The study was conducted by simulating data from 2,000 experiments, which were separated into four representative agricultural research scenarios. For both the parametric factorial ANOVA and the non-parametric factorial ANOVA, the FWER significantly exceeded the nominal level of 5%, even under total nullity. While the tests that control the total FWER in the factorials are not being used, the factorial ANOVA should not be performed without the preliminary ANOVA F test showing a significant effect. This, of course, does not apply to tests that are not multiple comparisons, such as Bonferroni, Dunn-Sidak and others, which do not need ANOVA protection. The same recommendation applies to the factorial ANOVA on ranks.

ABSTRACT Air traffic management has become increasingly complex due to the increasing use of air transport. One of the main management bottlenecks is planning the efficient use of runways for takeoff and landing. This paper aims to investigate the Aircraft Landing Problem, which seeks to minimize earliness and tardiness in aircraft landing time, assigning them to a runway to land and sequencing them. A new mathematical formulation based on Job Shop was proposed for the problem, comparing it with four mathematical formulations in the literature; three directly comparable and another containing a particularity that does not allow a direct comparison with the other formulations. Computational tests were performed on 49 instances of the literature using the Gurobi Optimizer optimization package. These mathematical formulations commonly used for the ALP present difficulties in finding the optimal solution when the number of aircraft to land is large, i.e., more than 50 aircraft. Therefore, we proposed a matheuristic to solve instances with a greater number of aircraft than the Gurobi Optimizer cannot solve optimally. This matheuristic first finds an initial solution using relax-and-fix (RF) and then fix-and-optimize (FO) improves the found solution. Comparisons were also made using the first feasible solution obtained by Gurobi and then was improved with FO. Among the matheuristic variations, the one that obtained the best result was the combination of RF with FO and this also showed efficiency in relation to the work in the literature that uses FO.

Plate structures are widely used in civil engineering, for instance, as slabs, foundations, and retaining walls. In structural acoustics, flexural wave control becomes an important parameter for the safety of engineering thin structures. Metaconcrete is a new type of concrete where conventional aggregates are replaced by resonant aggregates, made of a solid core coated with a compliant material, which presents wave attenuation properties. Hence, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the band structure of flexural waves in a metaconcrete, using the thin plate theory associated with the improved plane wave expansion (IPWE) method. The effect of aggregate geometry, core density, Young's modulus of the coating, and number of layers are analyzed. Complete bandgaps are observed for almost all inclusions. The results reveal the possibility of adjusting the desired frequency range according to the configuration of the resonators for flexural vibration management through metaconcrete thin plates. instance slabs foundations walls acoustics material properties Hence IPWE (IPWE method geometry density Youngs Young s coating analyzed inclusions plates

ABSTRACT. Experimental statistics are a key element for innovation in the agricultural sector. Commonly used statistical methods in experimentation are relatively simple, reliable, and widely used. However, the many problems in the quality of statistical analyses reported in the agricultural science literature highlight a need for continuing discussion on and updating of this topic. This article reviews critical points about classic linear models procedures commonly used in agricultural statistics, frequent procedures in publications in the agricultural sciences. Due to the evolution of statistical science some common recommendations from the past should no longer be followed. ABSTRACT sector simple reliable However topic sciences followed

Abstract The increase in Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) flux intensity induces the Condensation Nuclei (CN) production, which intensifies rainfall occurrences. Then, the objective of this study was to analyze the rainfall distribution in the NEB and the impact of GCR flux on extreme rainfall events occurred in July 1998 in Natal/RN, Brazil. We used historical rainfall, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and GCR flux data for Natal/RN. We used R software for statistical analysis. The results indicate that the GCR flux is important for intensifying extremes rainfall occurrences. This fact is observed when analyzing the relationship between rainfall greater than 10 mm and GCR flux above 6,390 counts/min. Pearson correlation coefficient between rainfall and GCR flux was 0.94 (p-value = 0.0005) and SST was -0.76 (p-value = 0.0263), both statistically significant. The rate between GCR flux and rainfall was +2.87 mm/count/min, while the rate between SST and rainfall was -7.91 mm/°C. The variance proportion explained by regression was 94.41%, with relative importance degree corresponding to 62.0% for GCR flux and 32.4% for SST, respectively. The results show that GCR flux had a greater contribution to extreme rainfall occurrence in the metropolitan region of Natal/RN and it is important in climatological studies.

Resumo Os secretários municipais de saúde são atores estratégicos na construção e governança do SUS. Neste estudo, foi realizada uma análise comparativa do perfil dos secretários municipais ao longo de três décadas (1996, 2006 e 2017), com base em dados de três inquéritos transversais realizados em âmbito nacional, por meio de questionários estruturados direcionados para todos os secretários do país. A análise evidenciou aumento da participação feminina, maior diversidade étnica e racial e maior qualificação profissional dos gestores, além da renovação do perfil geracional, mas ainda com predomínio de homens brancos e importantes diferenças regionais. Foi observado avanço da democratização desses espaços de gestão, mas permanece o desafio de tornar a máquina pública mais representativa do conjunto da sociedade brasileira.

Abstract Municipal health secretaries are strategic actors in the construction of the Brazilian national health system - SUS, actively participating in the system’s governance. The comparative analysis of the profile of municipal secretaries over three decades (1996, 2006, and 2017) was carried out using the database of three cross-sectional surveys carried out at the national level with structured questionnaires aimed at all municipal health secretaries in the country. The increase in female participation, greater diversity in ethnic and racial terms, greater professional qualification of managers, and the renewal of the generational profile, reiterates the advance of the democratization of these management spaces. Despite the renewal of the profile during SUS’s construction, the challenge remains to make the public machine more representative of Brazilian society as a whole.

Resumen: Les secretarios municipales de salud son actores estratégicos en la construcción del SUS (Sistema Único de Salud) y participan activamente en la gobernanza del sistema. El análisis comparativo del perfil de los secretarios municipales a lo largo de tres décadas (1996, 2006 y 2017) se realizó utilizando la base de datos de tres encuestas transversales realizadas a nivel nacional con cuestionarios estructurados dirigidos a todos los secretarios municipales de salud del país. El aumento de la participación femenina, la mayor diversidad en términos étnicos y raciales, mayor cualificación profesional de los gestores, además de la renovación del perfil generacional, reitera el avance de la democratización de estos espacios de gestión. A pesar de la renovación del perfil durante la construcción del SUS, queda el desafío de hacer que la máquina pública sea más representativa de la sociedad brasileña en su conjunto.

RESUMO. Polimorfismos da monoaminoxidase A (MAOA) são associados a transtornos antissociais. Menos atenção tem sido dada ao funcionamento cognitivo de indivíduos com diferentes alelos de MAOA. Nenhum estudo descreveu o fenótipo cognitivo associado ao alelo menos frequente, de baixa atividade enzimática, MAOA_LPR*2R. Objetivo: Descrevemos os correlatos cognitivos de meninos com o alelo MAOA_LPR*2R, identificados em uma amostra de escolares com inteligência normal, não encaminhados por transtornos de comportamento. Métodos: Oito meninos com o alelo MAOA_LPR*2R foram identificados entre 712 crianças genotipadas, com inteligência típica, que cursavam do 2º ao 5º ano em escolas públicas. Foram avaliados: inteligência, desempenho em matemática e ortografia, memória de trabalho verbal e visuoespacial. O desempenho foi comparado a normas publicadas, utilizando-se 1 desvio padrão (DP) abaixo da média como ponto de corte para desempenho rebaixado. Resultados: A inteligência dos meninos com alelo MAOA_LPR*2R variou de acima da média (N=2) a médio-inferior nas demais crianças. Cinco dos oito meninos com alelo MAOA_LPR*2R apresentaram desempenho rebaixado em matemática e três apresentaram dificuldades adicionais em ortografia. Quatro dos oito meninos apresentaram baixo desempenho de memória de curto prazo e de trabalho. Discussão: Este é o primeiro estudo a descrever os correlatos cognitivos e o desempenho escolar em meninos com alelo MAOA_LPR*2R. Ter esse alelo não significa necessariamente baixa inteligência ou baixo desempenho escolar. No entanto, dificuldades de aprendizagem, principalmente em matemática, e desempenho rebaixado da memória de trabalho foram observados em mais da metade dos meninos com esse alelo. Isso sugere um papel do MAOA nas dificuldades de aprendizagem.

ABSTRACT. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) polymorphisms have been associated with antisocial disorders. Less attention has been paid to the cognitive functioning of individuals with different MAOA alleles. No study has described the cognitive phenotype associated with the less frequent, low enzyme activity allele, MAOA_LPR*2R. Objective: We describe the cognitive correlates of boys having MAOA_LPR*2R allele, ascertained in a sample of school children with normal intelligence, not referred for behavioral disorders. Methods: Participants were eight boys, attending from the second to fifth grades in state-run schools. They were identified among 712 children with typical general cognitive ability, genotyped for MAOA_LPR polymorphism. Participants were assessed with general intelligence, mathematics and spelling achievement, and verbal and visuospatial working memory tests. Neuropsychological performance was compared to published standards, using 1 SD below the mean as a cutoff value for low performance. Results: Intelligence of boys with MAOA_LPR*2R allele varied from above average (N=2) to low average in the other children. Five out of eight boys with the MAOA_LPR*2R allele had low mathematics achievement, and three presented additional difficulties with spelling. Four out of eight children had low short-term and working memory performance. Discussion: This is the first study describing cognitive correlates and school performance in boys having the MAOA_LPR*2R allele. Having this allele, and therefore, probably low MAO-A activity, does not necessarily imply low intelligence or low school performance. However, learning difficulties, particularly in math, and low working memory performance were observed in boys having this allele. This suggests a role of MAOA in learning difficulties.

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) related to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is rising in the whole world. Objective To access the prevalence and temporal trend of HPV infection in oropharyngeal cancer by analyzing the expression of the p16 protein. Methods We conducted a transversal study in a Brazilian reference oncology center. The sample consisted of 254 patients with OSCC. The analyzed period was from 2013 to 2017. All patients underwent p16 immunohistochemistry analysis. Results The overall prevalence of HPV-related OSCC was of 31.9%. During the analyzed period, we observed a trend of increasing rates of OSCC that marked positive for p16 immunohistochemistry. The annual prevalence of p16-positive cases was of 20.6% in 2013, 23.9% in 2014, 33.3% in 2015, 38.3% in 2016, and 34.2% in 2017. Most of the patients were stage III and IV (84%). Female patients (odds ratio [OR] = 2.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.003-5.888; p = 0.049) and younger patients (OR = 2.919; 95%CI: 1.682-5.067; p < 0.005) were associated with a higher risk of HPV-related OSCC. Tobacco consumption had a proportional lower risk of HPV-related OSCC (OR = 0.152; 95%CI: 0063-0.366; p < 0.005). Conclusion We observed an increasing prevalence of HPV-related OSCC in a specialized cancer hospital in Brazil.

RESUMO A Constituição de 1988 estabeleceu um modelo de federalismo cooperativo buscando criar bases institucionais para articular de maneira funcional a atuação da União, dos estados e dos municípios, em especial, em conjunturas críticas que exigem uma resposta a partir da expressiva mobilização de recursos, atores e instituições O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar uma análise da evolução das ações desenvolvidas pelos governadores de 11 estados brasileiros no enfrentamento da pandemia da Covid-19, procurando identificar a tendência de suas ações ante as pressões geradas na dinâmica das relações intergovernamentais. Foram analisados 701 decretos publicados no período de fevereiro a outubro de 2020, considerado a primeira onda da pandemia, organizados e analisados a partir de três eixos: medidas de aprimoramento das políticas e serviços de saúde; políticas de proteção do emprego e renda; medidas administrativas e de regulação social e gestão territorial. Os resultados mostram a existência de um protagonismo dos governadores diante da descoordenação do governo federal com destaque para o exercício de competências constitucionais por meio de medidas de cooperação horizontal, prática de aprendizagem regional e associativa e organização de medidas de intervenção social que tiveram papel importante no combate a pandemia.

ABSTRACT The Federal Constitution of 1988 established a model of cooperative federalism seeking to create institutional bases to functionally articulate the performance of the federal government, states, and cities in the construction of such strategies, especially in critical situations that demand a response from the expressive mobilization of resources, actors, and institutions. The objective of this article is to present an analysis of the evolution of the actions developed by the governors of eleven Brazilian states to face the Covid-19 pandemic, seeking to identify the tendency of their actions in face of the pressures generated in the dynamics of intergovernmental relations. A total of 701 decrees published from February to October 2020, considered the first wave of the pandemic, were organised and analysed based on three axes: measures to improve health policies and services; employment and income protection policies; administrative and social regulation measures and territorial management. The results show the existence of a leading role of governors in face of the lack of coordination of the federal government, with emphasis on the exercise of constitutional competences through measures of horizontal cooperation, regional and associative learning practice, and organisation of social intervention measures that played an important role in the fight against the pandemic.

Resumo O estudo tem como objetivo conhecer as percepções dos gestores acerca dos avanços, barreiras e desafios do processo regionalização. Estudo qualitativo realizado por meio de 40 entrevistas em profundidade com os gestores das regiões de saúde dos estados do Ceará, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Minas Gerais e Tocantins, analisadas com auxílio do software Iramuteq. O primeiro eixo demonstrou a falta de financiamento, a dificuldade e os esforços para prover as ações e serviços, bem como as iniquidades no acesso. O segundo eixo revelou dinâmica da organização e funcionamento regional, que apresenta avanços, sobretudo no modus operandi da organização regional, que conta com melhorias na organização e no desempenho dos Colegiados Intergestores Regionais. Todavia, demonstrou-se que há que se continuar investindo na construção de coordenação federativa cooperativa para melhor organização e redução das desigualdades regionais.

Abstract The study aims to understand the perceptions of managers about the advances, barriers and challenges of the regionalization process. Qualitative study carried out through 40 in-depth interviews with managers of health regions in the states of Ceará, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Minas Gerais and Tocantins, analyzed using the Iramuteq software. The first axis demonstrated the lack of funding, the difficulty and efforts to provide actions and services, as well as inequities in access. The second axis revealed the dynamics of the regional organization and functioning, which presents advances, especially in the modus operandi of the regional organization, which includes improvements in the organization and performance of the Regional Inter-Management Collegiate. However, it showed that it is necessary to continue investing in the construction of cooperative federative coordination for better organization and reduction of regional inequalities.

Resumo O estudo tem como objetivo conhecer as percepções dos gestores acerca dos avanços, barreiras e desafios do processo regionalização. Estudo qualitativo realizado por meio de 40 entrevistas em profundidade com os gestores das regiões de saúde dos estados do Ceará, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Minas Gerais e Tocantins, analisadas com auxílio do software Iramuteq. O primeiro eixo demonstrou a falta de financiamento, a dificuldade e os esforços para prover as ações e serviços, bem como as iniquidades no acesso. O segundo eixo revelou dinâmica da organização e funcionamento regional, que apresenta avanços, sobretudo no modus operandi da organização regional, que conta com melhorias na organização e no desempenho dos Colegiados Intergestores Regionais. Todavia, demonstrou-se que há que se continuar investindo na construção de coordenação federativa cooperativa para melhor organização e redução das desigualdades regionais.

Abstract The study aims to understand the perceptions of managers about the advances, barriers and challenges of the regionalization process. Qualitative study carried out through 40 in-depth interviews with managers of health regions in the states of Ceará, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Minas Gerais and Tocantins, analyzed using the Iramuteq software. The first axis demonstrated the lack of funding, the difficulty and efforts to provide actions and services, as well as inequities in access. The second axis revealed the dynamics of the regional organization and functioning, which presents advances, especially in the modus operandi of the regional organization, which includes improvements in the organization and performance of the Regional Inter-Management Collegiate. However, it showed that it is necessary to continue investing in the construction of cooperative federative coordination for better organization and reduction of regional inequalities.

RESUMO Este artigo analisa o processo de trabalho da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) na pandemia da Covid-19 segundo o atributo do vínculo longitudinal da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Estudo transversal, de caráter descritivo e analítico, com levantamento de dados primários, coletados mediante inquérito nacional por meio de um survey eletrônico, de abrangência nacional, realizado no 2º semestre de convivência com a doença. No presente recorte, incluíram-se o Ceará e a Paraíba, estados do Nordeste com mais de 84% de cobertura da ESF. Prevaleceram as participações de trabalhadoras (962), sendo agentes comunitários de saúde (29%) e enfermeiras (26,61%), mulheres (81,19%), de 18 a 39 anos (61,85%), servidoras estatutárias (48,75%), atuantes em territórios urbanos (58,63%). Das participantes, 92,54% trabalhavam no período, sendo apenas 4,7% a distância. Em relação às atividades, 51,53% declararam estar ‘realizando atividades de rotina, como antes’; e 31,42% revelaram estar ‘priorizando atividades relacionadas a Covid-19’. Novos cadastros do Cartão SUS foram efetivados segundo 67,94% das participantes. A pesquisa confirma que a ESF é porta de entrada muito frequente, se não a principal, de casos de Covid-19 e que embora atenda às dimensões do atributo, está fragilizada em sua efetivação para o cuidado dos usuários adscritos.

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the Family Health Strategy (ESF) work process in the Covid-19 pan- demic per the PHC longitudinal linkage attribute. This cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study collected primary data from a national electronic survey carried out from September to December 2020. Ceará and Paraíba, States of the Northeastern region with more than 84% ESF coverage, were included in this excerpt. The participation of female workers (962) prevailed, with Community Health Workers (ACS, 29%) and nurses (26.61%), women (81.19%), 18-39 years of age (61.85%), statutory public servants (48,75%), active in urban territories (58.63%). Approximately 92.54% of the participants worked in the period, with only 4.70% working remotely. A total of 51.53% stated that they were ‘carrying out routine activities, as before’, and 31.42% revealed they were ‘prioritizing activities related to Covid-19’. New SUS Card registrations were made according to 67.94% of the participants. The research confirms that the ESF is a very frequent gateway, if not the main one, for Covid-19 cases and that its effectiveness for the care of the registered users is weakened although it meets the dimensions of its attribute.

RESUMO A Constituição de 1988 estabeleceu um modelo de federalismo cooperativo buscando criar bases institucionais para articular de maneira funcional a atuação da União, dos estados e dos municípios, em especial, em conjunturas críticas que exigem uma resposta a partir da expressiva mobilização de recursos, atores e instituições O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar uma análise da evolução das ações desenvolvidas pelos governadores de 11 estados brasileiros no enfrentamento da pandemia da Covid-19, procurando identificar a tendência de suas ações ante as pressões geradas na dinâmica das relações intergovernamentais. Foram analisados 701 decretos publicados no período de fevereiro a outubro de 2020, considerado a primeira onda da pandemia, organizados e analisados a partir de três eixos: medidas de aprimoramento das políticas e serviços de saúde; políticas de proteção do emprego e renda; medidas administrativas e de regulação social e gestão territorial. Os resultados mostram a existência de um protagonismo dos governadores diante da descoordenação do governo federal com destaque para o exercício de competências constitucionais por meio de medidas de cooperação horizontal, prática de aprendizagem regional e associativa e organização de medidas de intervenção social que tiveram papel importante no combate a pandemia.

ABSTRACT The Federal Constitution of 1988 established a model of cooperative federalism seeking to create institutional bases to functionally articulate the performance of the federal government, states, and cities in the construction of such strategies, especially in critical situations that demand a response from the expressive mobilization of resources, actors, and institutions. The objective of this article is to present an analysis of the evolution of the actions developed by the governors of eleven Brazilian states to face the Covid-19 pandemic, seeking to identify the tendency of their actions in face of the pressures generated in the dynamics of intergovernmental relations. A total of 701 decrees published from February to October 2020, considered the first wave of the pandemic, were organised and analysed based on three axes: measures to improve health policies and services; employment and income protection policies; administrative and social regulation measures and territorial management. The results show the existence of a leading role of governors in face of the lack of coordination of the federal government, with emphasis on the exercise of constitutional competences through measures of horizontal cooperation, regional and associative learning practice, and organisation of social intervention measures that played an important role in the fight against the pandemic.