ABSTRACT. The genotype by environment interaction is the main factor that influences the response of evaluated genotypes in trials of value for cultivation and use. Adaptability and stability analyses are fundamental to understanding the performance of genotypes in a growing region. Some of these methodologies incorporate previous information for recommending an extra group of genotypes denominated as specific ideotypes under certain cultivation conditions. Based on this strategy, the centroid method and its modifications have been widely used due to the simplicity of classification of the evaluated genotypes. However, these methodologies present problems in identifying adaptability patterns of some genotypes. Artificial intelligence techniques, such as fuzzy C-means, can be an alternative to reduce these difficulties, since they use, in addition to distance information between genotypes, memberships (measures quantifying how much an observation belongs to a particular class) to increase discriminatory power. Therefore, our aim was to propose and evaluate the phenotypic adaptability method by fuzzy clustering to assist cultivar recommendations. The adaptation of the fuzzy C-Means method to classify the genotypes was implemented in BioFuzzy software. The grain yield data of black common bean genotypes were used to evaluate the potential of the method. The results obtained by this method were compared with those obtained by the centroid method. The phenotypic adaptability method by fuzzy clustering was effective in identifying the adaptability patterns of common bean genotypes. Moreover, the discriminatory power was higher than that observed with the centroid method. ABSTRACT use region conditions strategy However techniques Cmeans, Cmeans C means, means C-means difficulties measures class Therefore recommendations CMeans Means software Moreover

ABSTRACT Background: One of the biggest challenges for breeders, especially for perennial plants, is to have strategies to reduce the risk of recommending new clones. One of the alternatives would be to use a mixture of clones, clonal compounds (CC), instead of monoclones (MC). This strategy has not yet been properly proven from experiments involving CC and MC simultaneously in different environments. Results: The CC’s contribution to the interaction was significant, although associated with a high MAI estimate (m³. ha-1. year-1). The CC’s took better advantage of environmental stimuli than most MC’s. The rick estimates in the CC recommendation were, in most situations, lower than those of the different monoclones. Conclusion: The use of CC proved to be more efficient than the use of MC in mitigating the effects of the interaction of genotypes by environments, in recommending clones for forest exploitation.

Abstract The objective of this work was to use the GGE biplot method to select superior wheat genotypes for adaptability and stability, and to determine grain yield in Sussundenga, Bárué, and Lichinga, in Mozambique, in the 2018/2019, 2019/2020, and 2020/2021 crop years. Eleven treatments were evaluated, using ten wheat genotypes from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center and a control cultivar developed by a Zimbabwean seed company and used in the national wheat program of the country. Grain yield was the main trait evaluated through individual and joint analyses of variance, adaptability, and stability. The effects of genotypes and the genotype × environment interaction were significant. The adaptability and stability analysis using the GGE biplot method showed that the first two main components explained 94.6% of the total variation for year effect, and 91.8%, for the location effect. The following genotypes can be selected for favorable and unfavorable environments: G1, considered ideal due to its high mean yield and stability over the years; and G4 and G7, for simultaneously showing a high yield and stability over the years.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi usar o método GGE biplot, para selecionar genótipos de trigo superiores quanto à adaptabilidade e à estabilidade e determinar a produtividade de grãos em Sussundenga, Bárué e Lichinga, em Moçambique, nas safras agrícolas de 2018/2019, 2019/2020 e 2020/2021. Foram avaliados 11 tratamentos, tendo-se utilizado dez genótipos de trigo provenientes do International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center e uma cultivar testemunha, desenvolvida por uma empresa zimbabweana de sementes e usada no programa nacional de trigo do país. A produtividade de grãos foi a principal característica avaliada, por meio de análises individuais e conjuntas de variância, adaptabilidade e estabilidade. Os efeitos dos genótipos e da interação genótipo × ambiente foram significativos. A análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade pelo método GGE biplot mostrou que os dois primeiros componentes principais explicaram 94,6% da variação total para o efeito ano, e 91,8%, para o efeito localização. Os seguintes genótipos podem ser selecionados para ambientes favoráveis e desfavoráveis: G1, considerado ideal devido sua alta média de produtividade e estabilidade ao longo dos anos; e G4 e G7, por apresentarem, simultaneamente, alta produtividade e estabilidade ao longo dos anos.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to compare different graphical dispersion analysis techniques in two- or three-dimensional planes. In this study, the data from different published works were used in order to determine the best methodology for analyzing the genetic diversity of different species. In this study, efficiency is measured by the amount of original distance absorbed by the projection of distances technique, which in the case of major components is equal to the amount of total variation originally available and retained by the principal components used for dispersion purposes. The projection of dissimilarity measurement technique, principal component analysis (PCA), and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) were used. Considering the analysis by means of three orthogonal axes, the graphical dispersion efficiency was 82.22 for PCA, 87.22 for PCoA, and 85.25 for the projection of distances technique. For the 2D analysis, considering the two main axes, the mean dispersion efficiency was 69.90 for the PCA, 75.06 for the projection technique, and 78.16 for PCoA. Considering the studies carried out with experimental data of six different species, it is concluded that the principal coordinate analysis is superior.

ABSTRACT. This study presents self-organizing maps (SOM) as an alternative method to evaluate genetic diversity in plant breeding programs. Twenty-five genotypes were evaluated in two environments for 11 phenotypic traits. The genotypes were clustered according to the SOM technique, with variable topology and numbers of neurons. In addition to the SOM analysis, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering (UPGMA) was performed to observe the behavior of the clustering when submitted to these techniques and to evaluate their complementarities. Genotype ordering according to SOM was consistent with UPGMA results, evidenced by the basic structure of UPGMA groups being preserved in each group of the maps. Regarding genotype arrangement and the group neighbors, maps involving five neurons presented inferior organization efficiency compared to the six-map arrangements in both environments. It was observed that the organization pattern among the rice genotypes evaluated by the maps was complementary to the UPGMA approach, as observed in all scenarios. It can be concluded that self-organizing maps have the potential to be useful for genetic diversity studies in breeding programs.

RESUMO. O presente estudo tem como objetivo propor sistemas de controle fuzzy para auxiliar na recomendação de cultivares de diversas culturas agronômicas. Para avaliar a aplicabilidade desses controladores foram utilizados dados de produtividade de grãos de 23 linhagens e duas cultivares de feijão do grupo comercial vermelho, avaliados em nove ambientes da Zona da Mata do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A partir dos parâmetros da análise de Eberhart e Russell foram desenvolvidos controladores fuzzy com sistemas de inferência Mamdani e Sugeno. Foram realizadas análises de variância conjunta e de adaptabilidade e estabilidade pelo método de Eberhart e Russell e os parâmetros obtidos para cada linhagem foram submetidos aos respectivos controladores. Verificou-se a ocorrência de interação genótipos por ambientes significativa, existindo a necessidade da realização de análises de adaptabilidade e estabilidade. Em ambos os controladores (Mamdani e Sugeno), sete linhagens (2, 9, 14, 16, 17, 20 e 23) apresentaram adaptabilidade geral, enquanto que somente a linhagem 15 apresentou adaptabilidade a ambientes desfavoráveis. Verificou-se também que ambos os sistemas de inferência adotados, são úteis para desenvolver controladores que visam recomendação de cultivares. Assim, constatou-se potencialidade dos sistemas de controle fuzzy na identificação do comportamento das linhagens de feijoeiro.

ABSTRACT. The objective of the present study was to propose fuzzy control systems to support the recommendation of cultivars of different agronomic crops. Grain yield data from 23 lines and 2 cultivars of red bean were used to evaluate the applicability of these controllers. Genotypes were evaluated in nine environments in the Zona da Mata region, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Using the parameters of Eberhart and Russell analysis, fuzzy controllers were developed with the Mamdani and Sugeno inference systems. Analyses of adaptability and stability were carried out by the method of Eberhart and Russell. The parameters obtained for each genotype were submitted to the respective controllers. There were significant genotypes x environments interaction, which justified the necessity of performing an adaptability and stability analysis. For both controllers (Mamdani and Sugeno), seven lines presented general adaptability, while only one presented adaptability to unfavorable environments. It was also found that both inference systems were useful for developing controllers that had the aim of recommending cultivars. Thus, it was noted that fuzzy control systems have the potential to identify the behavior of bean genotypes.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a presença de interação genótipo x ambiente (G x A) e determinar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica de linhagens de algodão de fibra marrom, utilizando o modelo de Ebehart & Russell. Foram conduzidos sete experimentos nos estados de CE, GO, MS e RN, em 2010 e 2011, em regime irrigado e de sequeiro. O delineamento utilizado foi blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados 11 genótipos, segundo sete caracteres relativos à fibra. A interação G x A foi significativa para a maioria dos caracteres. As linhagens 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 7 demonstraram capacidade de resposta à melhoria de ambiente, sendo 1 e 5 os genótipos que apresentaram comportamento previsível para todas as características. O índice de fibras curtas mostrou ser uma característica de alta previsibilidade

The objective of this study was to verify the presence of genotype x environment (G x E) interaction and determine the adaptability and phenotypic stability of strains of brown cotton fiber using the model of Ebehart & Russell. Seven experiments were conducted in the states of CE, GO, MS and RN, in 2010 and 2011 under irrigated and rain fed conditions. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. Eleven genotypes were assessed according to seven characters on the fiber. The G x E interaction was significant for most characters. The lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 showed better responsiveness to the environment, being 1 and 5 genotypes showed all predictable behavior characteristics for all characteristics. The content of short fibers proved to be a characteristic of high predictability

In common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding, plant selection that associate erect plant architecture, high yield, and grains with good commercial acceptance has been the choice of breeders. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate potential parents, to obtain promising segregating populations that associate high yield, erect plant architecture and carioca grain type, as well as to obtain information on heterosis, general and specific combining ability of these parents regarding grain yield and traits related to plant architecture. Fourteen common bean lines were crossed under a partial diallel scheme. Group 1 was composed by eight erect plant lines and group 2 by six carioca grain type lines. The F1's plants from the crosses and the 14 parents were evaluated during spring (Mar. sowing) for plant architecture grade, diameter of the hipocotyl, plant mean height, and grain yield. Predominance of additive effects was observed for plant architecture grade and diameter of the hypocotyls. For grain yield and plant mean height, there was a greater contribution of the dominance effects. Thus, selection of erect plants, with a larger diameter of the hypocotyl can be carried out in early generations; while for grain yield and plant mean height, it must be delayed, preferably, to later generations.