According to the Resource-Based View, the nature of the resources, competences and knowledge accumulated by firms are the major causes of variation in business performance. In view of the importance attributed to intangible assets, the purpose of the present study was to investigate whether innovative firms with superior and sustained performance and firms without superior and sustained performance differ with regard to investments in intangible assets. The sample consisted of 137 firms listed on the Brazilian stock exchange from 2007 to 2010 and belonging to innovative sectors according to the Brazilian Innovation Index. Only 51 firms with profitability above the sector average during the entire study period (four years) met the criterion of superior and sustained performance. Thus, using return on assets as a proxy for performance, investments in intangibles were found to be greater in firms without superior and sustained performance, particularly with regard to the categories intellectual property assets(the predominant category) and infrastructure assets. Based on the lack of evidence for a significant correlation between corporate performance and investment in intangible assets, our initial hypothesis that a positive relation exists between the composition of investments in intangible assets and the performance of innovative firms could not be confirmed.