O declínio global das coberturas vacinais levou a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), em 2019, a definir a hesitação vacinal como uma das dez maiores ameaças mundiais à saúde pública. No Brasil, a queda da cobertura vacinal teve início em 2012, acentuando-se a partir de 2016, e sendo agravada pela pandemia de COVID-19. O alerta da baixa cobertura vacinal vem acompanhado pela reintrodução de doenças imunopreveníveis como o sarampo. O retorno de doenças até então eliminadas, como a poliomielite, pode agravar a crise sanitária ainda em curso. Mesmo sendo reconhecido como um dos mais efetivos programas de imunizações do mundo e dos esforços permanentes, o Programa Nacional de Imunizações enfrenta um cenário extremamente adverso no que tange às coberturas vacinais. Este artigo descreve o Projeto pela Reconquista das Altas Coberturas Vacinais (PRCV) e a estratégia de trabalhar na ponta do sistema, executada nos territórios, que vem sendo implementada desde 2021 e já começa a apresentar resultados promissores. O PRCV foi organizado em três eixos temáticos com atuação compartilhada e ações específicas, a saber: vacinação; sistemas de informação; comunicação e educação. Os resultados já alcançados permitem afirmar que é possível conseguir a reversão das baixas coberturas vacinais, a partir da articulação de ações estruturais e interinstitucionais, com o fortalecimento das políticas públicas e desenvolvimento de medidas de curto, médio e longo prazos. Os fatores mais potentes do PRCV são sua abordagem junto aos profissionais da ponta, o pacto social pela vacinação, e a estruturação de redes locais de apoio às imunizações.

La disminución global de las coberturas de vacunación llevó a la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en 2019, a definir la vacilación de la vacunación como una de las diez mayores amenazas para la salud pública en el mundo. En Brasil, la caída de la cobertura de vacunación comenzó en 2012, se acentuó a partir de 2016 y se vio agravada por la pandemia de COVID-19. La alerta de baja cobertura vacunal va acompañada de la reintroducción de enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación como el sarampión. El regreso de enfermedades hasta ahora eliminadas, como la poliomielitis, puede agravar la crisis sanitaria aún en curso. A pesar de ser reconocido como uno de los programas de inmunización más efectivos del mundo y de los esfuerzos permanentes, el Programa Nacional de Inmunización enfrenta un escenario extremadamente adverso en lo que se refiere a las coberturas vacunales. Este artículo describe el Proyecto por la Reconquista de las Altas Coberturas Vacunales (PRCV) y la estrategia de trabajo al final del sistema, ejecutada en los territorios, que se implementa desde 2021 y ya comienza a mostrar resultados prometedores. El PRCV fue organizado en tres ejes temáticos con actuación compartida y acciones específicas, a saber: vacunación; sistemas de Información; comunicación y educación. Los resultados ya alcanzados permiten afirmar que es posible lograr la reversión de las bajas coberturas vacunales, a partir de la articulación de acciones estructurales e interinstitucionales, con el fortalecimiento de las políticas públicas y desarrollo de medidas de corto, mediano y largo plazo. Los factores más potentes del PRCV son su abordaje junto a los profesionales de la punta, el pacto social por la vacunación, y la estructuración de redes locales de apoyo a las inmunizaciones.

The global decline in vaccine coverage led the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019 to define vaccine hesitation as one of the world’s top ten threats to public health. In Brazil, the drop in vaccination coverage began in 2012, increasing from 2016, and was aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The warning of low vaccination coverage is accompanied by the reintroduction of immunopreventable diseases such as measles. The return of diseases so far eradicated, such as polio, can aggravate the ongoing health crisis. Despite the Brazilian National Immunization Program being recognized as one of the most effective worldwide and its continuous efforts, it is facing an extremely challenging scenario regarding immunization coverage. This article describes the Project for the Regaining of the High Vaccination Coverage (PRCV) and the strategy of working at the frontline, conducted in the local level, which has been implemented since 2021 and is already starting to show promising results. The PRCV was organized in three thematic axes with shared and specific actions, including: vaccination; information systems; communication and education. The outcomes achieved allow us to affirm that it is possible to reverse the low vaccination coverage, based on the articulation of structural and interinstitutional actions, with the strengthening of public policies and development of short-, medium-, and long-term measures. The most powerful factors of the PRCV are its approach to frontline professionals, the social pact for vaccination, and the establishment of local support networks for vaccinations.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of spineless cactus (SC) [Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm Dyck] on nutrient intake, ingestive behaviour, and performance of lambs in a feedlot. Thirty-two male (non-castrated) Santa Inês lambs with a mean initial body weight (BW) of 20.4 ± 2.60 kg were distributed across four levels of spineless cactus: zero, 24, 52, and 75% of total diet dry matter (DM). Over 56 days, the animals had their intake and performance monitored. The inclusion of SC influenced (p<0.05) in a quadratic way the dry matter intake and total digestible nutrients, but linearly decreased (p<0.05) the neutral detergent fiber intake. Drinking water intake decreased linearly (p<0.05) with the inclusion of SC in the diet. The inclusion of SC influenced (p<0.05) in a quadratic way the digestibility of organic matter in the diet. The increase in the level of SC in the diet increased linearly (p<0.05) the feeding and rumination efficiencies of the lambs. The maximum daily gain of 0.237 kg/day was achieved with 44% SC in the diet. It is recommended to include up to 40% of spineless cactus in the diet of lambs.

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to evaluate the intake, digestibility, and ingestive behavior of sheep fed with different species of forage cacti. Fifteen sheep (17.27kg ± 1 kg) were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with three treatments and five replicates. The treatments were diets on a dry matter basis composed of 430.9 g kg-1 of thornless Mandacaru cactus (Cereus hildmannianus), 525.7 g kg-1 of cactus pear cv. Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (Opuntia stricta) and 492.1 g kg-1 of cactus pear cv. Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera) in addition to Sabiá hay (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia) (194.7 to 233.8 g kg-1), plus concentrate feed. The intake of the dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, non-fiber carbohydrates, total digestible nutrients and voluntary water intake in g day-1 was not differ (p > 0.05) by experimental diets. There were no differences (p > 0.05) in digestibility coefficients of the dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, non-fiber carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients between the experimental diets. The feeding times differed (p < 0.05) between diets, with a higher value for the Opuntia diet, while the rumination times, feeding efficiency, and rumination efficiency did not differ (p > 0.05). The cactus Cereus and Opuntia and Nopalea have similar nutritional value in sheep’s diet.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluatethe effects oflambs fed two roughage: concentrate (R:C) ratios, with or without the liquid residue of cassava (LRC)on carcass traits and meat quantity.Forty lambs (19.5 ± 1.45 kg body weight), non-castrated, crossbred Santa Inês were distributed in a completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial design. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of the inclusion of LRC on the variables. The roughage:concentrate ratio of 40:60 promoted higher values for empty body weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, subcutaneous thickness fat, cooling loss,Longissimusmuscle area, carcass morphometric measurements, and commercial cuts. Higher weight of leg, muscles, fat, bone and other tissues, as well as for the ratio muscle:fat, and muscle:bone was observed in lambs fed 40R:60C. For the meat chemical composition, there was the effect (p < 0.05) only for ether extract (EE) for lambs fed 40R:60C ratio. The redness (a*) of meat was greater (p < 0.05) for lambs fed 80R:20C. The other physicochemical characteristics were not influenced. The roughage:concentrate ratio of 40:60 improves the carcass traits and commercial cuts, but does not promote changes in meat quality, independent of supplementation with liquid residue of cassava.

Abstract: The thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination causes important losses for producers, who do not have thermotolerant commercial cultivars. One of the obstacles has been the scarcity of optimizing techniques capable of efficiently discriminating thermotolerant and thermosensitive cultivars. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of neural networks to discriminate different levels of thermoinhibition in lettuce seeds. Seeds of 18 cultivars were evaluated for thermoinhibition considering the characteristics of the first and last germination count and germination speed index, in seeds subjected to temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C. The remaining seeds, which did not germinate, were subjected to the tetrazolium test. Analyses were performed immediately after seed harvesting and repeated after six months of storage. Discriminant analysis was performed and the Kohonen’s Self-Organizing Map (SOM) was created using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Neural networks discriminate lettuce cultivars and organizes them in terms of seed thermoinhibition tolerance through Kohonen’s Self-Organizing Map. Discriminant analysis consistently identifies the Everglades and Luiza genotypes as tolerant to thermoinhibition.

Resumo: A termoinibição causa perdas importantes para os produtores, os quais não dispõem de cultivares comerciais com sementes termotolerantes. Há escassez de técnicas otimizadoras capazes de discriminar cultivares termotolerantes e termosensíveis com eficiência. Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de redes neurais para discriminar diferentes níveis de termoinibição em sementes de alface. Foram avaliadas sementes de 18 cultivares quanto à termoinibição considerando às características de primeira e última contagem de germinação e índice de velocidade de germinação, em sementes submetidas às temperaturas de 20, 25, 30 e 35 °C. As sementes remanescentes, que não germinaram, foram submetidas ao teste de tetrazólio. As análises foram realizadas imediatamente após a colheita das sementes e repetidas após seis meses de armazenamento. Uma análise discriminante e o Mapa Auto-Organizável de Kohonen (SOM) por Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA’s) foram realizados. As redes neurais discriminam as cultivares de alface e as organiza quanto a tolerância a termoinibição das sementes por meio do Mapa Auto-Organizável de Kohonen. A análise discriminante indentifica de maneira coerente o genótipo Everglades e Luiza como tolerantes a termoinibição.

The global decline in vaccine coverage led the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019 to define vaccine hesitation as one of the world’s top ten threats to public health. In Brazil, the drop in vaccination coverage began in 2012, increasing from 2016, and was aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The warning of low vaccination coverage is accompanied by the reintroduction of immunopreventable diseases such as measles. The return of diseases so far eradicated, such as polio, can aggravate the ongoing health crisis. Despite the Brazilian National Immunization Program being recognized as one of the most effective worldwide and its continuous efforts, it is facing an extremely challenging scenario regarding immunization coverage. This article describes the Project for the Regaining of the High Vaccination Coverage (PRCV) and the strategy of working at the frontline, conducted in the local level, which has been implemented since 2021 and is already starting to show promising results. The PRCV was organized in three thematic axes with shared and specific actions, including: vaccination; information systems; communication and education. The outcomes achieved allow us to affirm that it is possible to reverse the low vaccination coverage, based on the articulation of structural and interinstitutional actions, with the strengthening of public policies and development of short-, medium-, and long-term measures. The most powerful factors of the PRCV are its approach to frontline professionals, the social pact for vaccination, and the establishment of local support networks for vaccinations.

La disminución global de las coberturas de vacunación llevó a la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), en 2019, a definir la vacilación de la vacunación como una de las diez mayores amenazas para la salud pública en el mundo. En Brasil, la caída de la cobertura de vacunación comenzó en 2012, se acentuó a partir de 2016 y se vio agravada por la pandemia de COVID-19. La alerta de baja cobertura vacunal va acompañada de la reintroducción de enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación como el sarampión. El regreso de enfermedades hasta ahora eliminadas, como la poliomielitis, puede agravar la crisis sanitaria aún en curso. A pesar de ser reconocido como uno de los programas de inmunización más efectivos del mundo y de los esfuerzos permanentes, el Programa Nacional de Inmunización enfrenta un escenario extremadamente adverso en lo que se refiere a las coberturas vacunales. Este artículo describe el Proyecto por la Reconquista de las Altas Coberturas Vacunales (PRCV) y la estrategia de trabajo al final del sistema, ejecutada en los territorios, que se implementa desde 2021 y ya comienza a mostrar resultados prometedores. El PRCV fue organizado en tres ejes temáticos con actuación compartida y acciones específicas, a saber: vacunación; sistemas de Información; comunicación y educación. Los resultados ya alcanzados permiten afirmar que es posible lograr la reversión de las bajas coberturas vacunales, a partir de la articulación de acciones estructurales e interinstitucionales, con el fortalecimiento de las políticas públicas y desarrollo de medidas de corto, mediano y largo plazo. Los factores más potentes del PRCV son su abordaje junto a los profesionales de la punta, el pacto social por la vacunación, y la estructuración de redes locales de apoyo a las inmunizaciones.

O declínio global das coberturas vacinais levou a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), em 2019, a definir a hesitação vacinal como uma das dez maiores ameaças mundiais à saúde pública. No Brasil, a queda da cobertura vacinal teve início em 2012, acentuando-se a partir de 2016, e sendo agravada pela pandemia de COVID-19. O alerta da baixa cobertura vacinal vem acompanhado pela reintrodução de doenças imunopreveníveis como o sarampo. O retorno de doenças até então eliminadas, como a poliomielite, pode agravar a crise sanitária ainda em curso. Mesmo sendo reconhecido como um dos mais efetivos programas de imunizações do mundo e dos esforços permanentes, o Programa Nacional de Imunizações enfrenta um cenário extremamente adverso no que tange às coberturas vacinais. Este artigo descreve o Projeto pela Reconquista das Altas Coberturas Vacinais (PRCV) e a estratégia de trabalhar na ponta do sistema, executada nos territórios, que vem sendo implementada desde 2021 e já começa a apresentar resultados promissores. O PRCV foi organizado em três eixos temáticos com atuação compartilhada e ações específicas, a saber: vacinação; sistemas de informação; comunicação e educação. Os resultados já alcançados permitem afirmar que é possível conseguir a reversão das baixas coberturas vacinais, a partir da articulação de ações estruturais e interinstitucionais, com o fortalecimento das políticas públicas e desenvolvimento de medidas de curto, médio e longo prazos. Os fatores mais potentes do PRCV são sua abordagem junto aos profissionais da ponta, o pacto social pela vacinação, e a estruturação de redes locais de apoio às imunizações.

ABSTRACT. The study evaluated the performance, carcass characteristics, tissue composition, and meat quality of goats raised on pasture in the Caatinga rangeland supplemented with Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) and Sabiá (Mimosa caesapiniifolia) hays associated or not with spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera), and without supplementation. Thirty male castrated goats, no defined breed, with an average body weight of 15.5 kg ± 0.64 were used, distributed in a randomized block design, according to the initial weight of the animals. The experimental period lasted 105 days. The highest intake of DM, OM and CP occurred in the animals supplemented with Leucena hay associated or not with spineless cactus. The intake of NDF was higher (p <0.05) for animals fed only with Leucena and Sabiá hays. The highest intake of TDN was observed for diets, only grazing, and hays associated with spineless cactus. The daily weight gain for goats fed with Leucena hay and spineless cactus was 68.5% higher (p <0.05) than on grazing alone. Consequently, they obtained the highest (p <0.05) weights and yields of carcasses, shoulder, loin, and leg cuts, conformation and finishing scores, leg muscle index, and % fat in the leg of goats. The meat quality did not differ. The supplementation with Leucena hay associated with spineless cactus improves performance, weights, and yields of the carcass, commercial cuts, leg muscle of goats grazing in the Caatinga rangeland.

RESUMO A obtenção de vegetais biofortificados, com destaque para a alface, é uma ferramenta para melhorar o estado nutricional da população. Os índices de seleção podem maximizar a seleção simultânea de boas características agronômicas e altos níveis de carotenoides. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar os parâmetros genéticos e a eficiência de diferentes índices para a seleção de genótipos de alface biofortificados combinados com características agronômicas adequadas. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas com 91 genótipos pertencentes ao banco de germoplasma de alface biofortificada da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. As variáveis analisadas foram: índice de clorofila das folhas, diâmetro da planta, diâmetro do caule e número de folhas por planta. Os valores encontrados para herdabilidade no sentido restrito (h²) variaram de 89,63% (diâmetro do caule) a 96,05% (clorofila), apresentando alta magnitude. O índice de Smith-Hazel, a soma de “ranks” de Mulamba & Mock, a seleção direta e indireta e o índice base de Williams foram usados para prever os ganhos de seleção. No total, 17 indivíduos foram selecionados usando as metodologias de seleção. Os índices de Smith-Hazel, Williams e Mulamba & Mock são eficientes em mostrar bons ganhos diretos para as características avaliadas. Treze genótipos foram selecionados por todos os índices apresentando características agronômicas favoráveis, sendo promissores para o avanço de geração no programa de melhoramento para obter linhagens de alface biofortificadas.

ABSTRACT Obtaining biofortified vegetables with an emphasis on lettuce is a tool to improve the nutritional status of the population. Selection indices can maximize the simultaneous selection of good agronomic traits and high carotenoid levels. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and efficiency of different indices in selecting genotypes of biofortified lettuce with high concentrations of carotenoids and favorable agronomic traits. Statistical analyses were performed on 91 genotypes belonging to the vegetable germplasm bank of the Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil. The variables analyzed were the chlorophyll index of the leaves, plant diameter, stem diameter, and number of leaves per plant. The values found for narrow sense heritability (h²) ranged from 89.63% (stem diameter) to 96.05% (chlorophyll), showing a high magnitude. The Smith-Hazel index, sum of ranks by the Mulamba & Mock index, direct and indirect selection, and Williams base index were used to predict the selection gains. A total of 17 individuals were selected using the selection methodologies. The Smith-Hazel, Williams, and Mulamba & Mock indices were efficient in showing good direct gains for the evaluated traits. Thirteen genotypes were selected for all indices presenting suitable agronomic traits, which show promise for advancing generations within the breeding program to obtain biofortified lettuce strains.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da substituição do feno de Tifton 85 pelo feno de maniçoba em dietas à base de palma forrageira sobre a ingestão e digestibilidade de nutrientes, comportamento ingestivo e parâmetros ruminais de ovinos confinados. Foram utilizados oito ovinos machos com cânula ruminal, distribuídos em quatro níveis (0, 333, 666 e 1.000 g kg-1 de matéria seca) de substituição do feno de Tifton 85 por feno de maniçoba em delineamento quadrado latino. Os animais permaneceram confinados por 60 dias divididos em quatro períodos de 15 dias. A substituição do feno de Tifton 85 por feno de maniçoba não influenciou no consumo ou digestibilidade de matéria seca. No entanto, influenciou de forma linear negativa na digestibilidade da fibra insolúvel em detergente neutro e proteína bruta. O nitrogênio amoniacal e proteína bruta ruminal diminuiu linearmente com a substituição do feno de Tifton 85 por feno de maniçoba. Não houve efeito da substituição do feno na produção de ácidos graxos voláteis ou no biofilme microbiano. A substituição total de Tifton 85 por feno de maniçoba em rações de palma forrageira para ovinos não influenciou o consumo de nutrientes digestíveis totais, a produção de ácidos graxos voláteis ou biofilme, mas afetou a digestibilidade da proteína bruta, nitrogênio amoniacal e teor de proteína bruta no rúmen. Portanto, o feno de maniçoba pode substituir até 300 g kg-1 de feno de capim em dietas de palma forrageira para ovinos, sem comprometer o consumo e os parâmetros ruminais.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing Tifton 85 hay with maniçoba hay in diets based on spineless cactus on the nutrient intake and digestibility, ingestive behaviour and ruminal parameters of confined sheep. In order to do this, eight male sheep with ruminal cannulae were used, distributed across four levels (0, 333, 666 and 1.000 g kg-1 of dry matter) of replacement of Tifton 85 hay with maniçoba hay in a double Latin square experimental design. The animals were confined for 60 days divided into four periods of 15 days. The replacement of Tifton 85 hay with maniçoba hay did not influence the dry matter intake or digestibility. However, it influenced in a positive linear fashion the intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates and in a linear negative fashion the digestibility of insoluble fibre in neutral detergent and crude protein. The ruminal ammonia-nitrogen and the crude protein ruminal content decreased linearly with the replacement of Tifton 85 hay with maniçoba hay. There was no effect of hay replacement on the production of volatile fatty acids or the microbial biofilm. The total replacement Tifton 85 by maniçoba hay in spineless cactus diets for sheep did not influence total digestible nutrient intake, volatile fatty acid production or biofilm, but did affect crude protein digestibility, ammonia-nitrogen and crude protein content in the rumen. Therefore, maniçoba hay can replace 300 g kg-1 grass hay in spineless cactus diets for sheep without compromising intake and ruminal parameters.

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to assess the nutrient intake and milk production of dairy goats fed with total mixed rations with different species of forage cacti. Five pluriparous Saanen goats (50 ± 4 kg) at nine weeks of lactation were allocated in a Latin square (5 x 5) with five diets and five periods. Each period was composed of 10 days for adaptation and seven days for collection. The treatments were composed of 473.0 to 501.0 g kg-1 of forage cacti: xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei), mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru), facheiro (Pilosocereus chrysostele), cactus cladodes cv. miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck) and cactus cladodes cv. orelha de elefante mexicana (Opuntia stricta); plus sabiá hay (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) (188.0 to 198.0 g kg-1) and concentrate (311.0 to 329.0 g kg-1). The intake of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, and water intake through diet components were unaffected by experimental diets. For milk production and feed efficiency, no difference was observed among the diets. All diets containing different species of forage cacti can be used for dairy goats feed.

resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a resistência residual de colunas curtas de concreto armado submetidas a temperaturas moderadas. Para isso, foi realizado um programa experimental incluindo ensaios de compressão em corpos-de-prova cilíndricos de concreto simples de 5x10 cm submetidos a temperaturas de até 600 ºC e de colunas curtas de concreto armado de 15x30 cm com duas diferentes configurações de estribos e submetidos a distintos tempos de exposição de até 120 min sob uma taxa de aquecimento constante. Os resultados comprovam a perda de resistência residual à compressão com a temperatura e a influência benéfica dos estribos na prevenção do fenômeno de spalling, embora amostras com mais estribos tenham apresentado menor resistência. Por fim, os resultados foram comparados a previsão analítica utilizando abordagem seccional com diagramas tensão-deformação idealizados, tendo apresentado boa correlação. A aplicabilidade do método da isoterma 500 ºC é discutida para temperaturas moderadas.

abstract: This work aims to evaluate the residual strength of reinforced concrete stub columns subjected to moderate temperatures. To accomplish this task, an experimental program was carried out including compression tests on plain concrete specimens exposed to temperatures up to 600 ºC and on reinforced concrete stub columns with two different tie configurations heated at a constant rate for up to 120 min. The results show a loss of residual compressive strength with temperature and the beneficial influence of ties to prevent the spalling phenomenon, although samples with more ties exhibited lower capacity. Finally, the results were compared to the analytical prediction using a cross-sectional approach with idealized stress-strain relations, showing a good correlation. The applicability of the Isotherm 500 ºC method is discussed for moderate temperatures.

ABSTRACT. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the world’s leading natural textile fibre and is grown in over 60 countries, including Brazil, where it is an important agricultural commodity. The cultivation area currently covers approximately one million hectares in Brazil and has expanded into every region of the country, especially the Cerrado biome. Because of this expansion, it is necessary to analyse the influence of the environment on the genotype behaviour to optimize yields. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare fuzzy logic to traditional methods for selecting coloured-fibre cotton genotypes with high adaptability and yield stability. The experiment was conducted on the 2013/2014, 2014/2015, 2015/2016, and 2016/2017 crops of the Capim Branco farm at the Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The following methods were used to select genotypes for adaptability and stability: the Lin and Binns model, additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis and the Sugeno fuzzy logic controller. An interaction of the genotype with the environment that affected yield was detected. Environment 4 (the 2016/2017 crop) showed to the lowest genotype to environment interaction. The fuzzy logic approach showed agreement with AMMI and the nonparametric Lin and Binns method. The linguistic fuzzy logic used in the Sugeno fuzzy logic controller demonstrated the potential for selecting cotton genotypes in plant breeding programmes. The UFUJP-16 and UFUPJ-17 genotypes were adaptable, stable and showed promising yields within the tested environments. The fuzzy logic method was effective for estimating adaptability and stability.

ABSTRACT A better understanding of genetic diversity in cotton cultivars is needed to make the most of the genetic resources and guarantee continuing improvements in the breeding programs. Our objective was to evaluate the genetic diversity among cotton genotypes from the top breeding programs in Brazil and recommend hybrid combinations that would increase variability. The field experiments we conducted on three cotton genotypes from each of the following Brazilian breeding programs: EMBRAPA, MONSANTO DELTAPINE, FIBERMAX, IMA, TMG and UFU. Several phenotypic evaluations were carried out at V5, B1, full flower and full maturity. Moderate genetic divergence was observed among the genotypes from these breeding programs. Hybridization of the BRS 433 FL B2RF and FM 980 GLT genotypes would likely produce segregating populations with greater genetic variability, yield potential, lint yield and desirable fiber quality. Maturity, micronaire and fiber length were the strongest contributors to genetic divergence.

Resumo O processo desenvolvimento de projetos e orçamentos de empreendimentos públicos é realizado de forma fragmentada pelos stakeholders. Essa situação contribui para diversas inadequações de obras, principalmente relacionadas a custos e prazos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo propor melhorias ao referido processo, utilizando como referencial teórico o Target Value Design (TVD). Para realização do trabalho, utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa, tendo como estratégia de pesquisa o estudo de caso múltiplo. Foram estudadas quatro instituições públicas, compostas de setores de desenvolvimento de projetos, orçamentos e fiscalização de obra. A proposta de investigação abrange os seguintes participantes: cliente; gestor; projetista (arquiteto e engenheiro); orçamentista; e fiscal de obra. A coleta de dados foi realizada com 17 participantes. Como resultado o trabalho apresenta um modelo de processo para o desenvolvimento de projetos de empreendimentos públicos (PDP).

Abstract The design and budget development process of public projects is done in a fragmented way by the stakeholders. This situation contributes to several inadequacies in construction projects, related mainly to costs and deadlines. The aim of this paper is to propose improvements to the process, based on Target Value Design (TVD). The investigation was done through qualitative research, and the research strategy used was a multiple case study. It involved four public institutions, comprising project the development, budget and inspection sectors. The study included the following participants: clients, managers, designers (architect and engineer), budgeters, and works inspectors. Seventeen participants were interviewed during the study. This paper presents a design development process model for public projects (DDP).

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros qualitativos e o potencial nutricional da silagem da parte aérea do algodão (Gossypium hirsutum) arbóreo. O experimento foi realizado em arranjo fatorial 4×2, para duas formas de silagem (in natura ou pré-seca), com quatro tratamentos, conforme a seguir: sem aditivos (SA); com inoculante (CI); com 2% de milho moído (MM); e com 2% de milho moído e inoculante (MM+I). Foram avaliados a qualidade fermentativa e os parâmetros nutricionais das silagens. A qualidade fermentativa foi melhor nas silagens CI e MM+I. Os teores de matéria seca foram maiores na silagem pré-seca, enquanto a proteína bruta na silagem in natura foi maior nos tratamentos SA e CI. Os menores valores de fibra em detergente neutro e lignina digerida em ácido foram observados no tratamento CI, para a silagem pré-seca. Os nutrientes digestíveis totais e o volume total de gás foram maiores na silagem pré-seca, nos tratamentos CI e MM, respectivamente. A digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca foi menor na silagem SA, nas duas formas. A silagem de algodão arbóreo associada ao inoculante ou ao inoculante com milho moído apresenta o melhor perfil fermentativo e melhora o valor energético e nutricional, tanto na forma in natura como na pré-seca; porém, a silagem in natura é menos trabalhosa para os produtores rurais.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the qualitative parameters and nutritional potential of silage of arboreal cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) shoots. The experiment was carried out in a 4×2 factorial arrangement, for two silage forms (in natura or pre-dried), with four treatments, as follows: without additives (WA); with inoculant (WI); with 2% ground corn (GC); and with 2% ground corn with inoculant (GC+I). The fermentative quality and nutritional parameters of the silages were evaluated. Fermentative quality was better in the WI and GC+I silages. The dry matter content was higher in the pre-dried silage, while the crude protein contents of in natura silage were higher in the WA and WI treatments. The lowest values of neutral detergent fiber and acid-digested lignin were observed in the WI treatment, for pre-dried silage. Total digestible nutrients and total volume of gas were higher in the pre-dried silage, in the WI and GC treatments, respectively. In vitro dry matter digestibility was lower in WA silage, in both forms. Silage of arboreal cotton associated with inoculant or with inoculant with ground corn shows a better fermentation profile and improves the energy and nutritional values, both in natura and pre-dried forms; however, in natura silage is less laborious for rural producers.