ABSTRACT Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg (guavira) is a native plant of the Cerrado and Pantanal, which has several medicinal activities and fruits with a unique flavor rich in vitamin C. The species does not have defined cultivation methods, requiring studies to increase biomass production. An alternative is the use of organic residues that can influence the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of soils and consequently increase plant production. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of different organic residues and bokashi, on the biomass production of plants and on the levels of phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of tea from the leaves of guavira. Five substrates were studied in pots and protected environment: soil; soil + rice husk chicken manure; soil + sawdust chicken manure; soil + castor bean cake; soil + Organosuper® with or without the use of Bokashi in a 5x2 factorial scheme, in a randomized block experimental design. It was observed that the rice husk chicken manure can be used to increase the initial growth and biomass production of guavira keeping the leaves antioxidant activity tea stable. The use of bokashi benefits the growth of guavira only when no other organic residue is added to soil.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da adição da cama de frango ao solo sobre o crescimento, produção de biomassa, conteúdo de fenóis e flavonoides e atividade antioxidante em folhas de pimenta-rosa. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, em Dourados-MS, de outubro de 2009 a maio de 2010. A pimenta-rosa foi cultivada em fileira simples e dupla com cama de frango incorporada nas doses de 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20 t ha-1. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em fatorial 2 x 5 em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Houve uma interação significativa entre doses de cama de frango e épocas de avaliação para altura de plantas e conteúdo de clorofila. Foi observado um aumento linear na área foliar, massa fresca e seca de folhas e diâmetro dos ramos principais com o aumento das doses de cama de frango. As plantas cultivadas em fileira simples apresentaram maior massa fresca de caules com o aumento das doses de cama de frango. A cama de frango nas doses de 15 e 20 t ha-1 promoveu um incremento no conteúdo de fenóis e flavonoides nas folhas. Nenhum efeito significativo na atividade antioxidante foi observado com o método químico utilizando DPPH. Portanto, recomenda-se o cultivo de plantas de pimenta-rosa em fileira dupla e 20 t ha-1 de cama de frango para maior crescimento, produção de biomassa, e conteúdo de fenóis e flavonoides.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the addition of poultry litter on growth, biomass yield, flavonoid and phenol content, and antioxidant activity in leaves of pink pepper. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Grande Dourados, in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul state, from October 2009 to May 2010. Pink pepper was grown in single or double row in soil with incorporated poultry litter at doses of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1. Treatments were arranged as 2 x 5 factorial in a randomized block design with four replications. There was a significant interaction between the doses of poultry litter and evaluation times for plant height and chlorophyll content. A linear increase in leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaves and diameter of main stems with increasing doses of poultry litter was observed. Plants grown in single row showed higher fresh weight of stem with increasing doses of poultry litter. Poultry litter at 15 and 20 t ha-1 promoted an increase in flavonoid and phenolic contents in the leaves. No significant effect on the antioxidant activity was observed by the chemical method using DPPH. Therefore, it is recommended the cultivation of pink pepper plants with double row and 20 t ha-1 of poultry litter to higher growth, biomass yield, and flavonoid and phenol content.