ABSTRACT The tourism sector in the contemporary world has become a priority for many countries and today is presented as the locomotive of innovation for its versatile and dynamic feature, which inserted into a logistics chain in the already fine-tuned travel agency process (AAVV) - transporter - hotel, they give broad participation to multiple sectors, acting as a multiplier effect of the local and national economy. In the present work it is proposed to determine the level of Management of Innovation and Technology (GTI) of the Hotel 3 *. City Panamá, starting from the problem of not having a systematic evaluation in the innovative process and being able to lose position in the face of the strong competition to which the hotel for this purpose a series of tools are applied to quantify this competitiveness factor, based on an evaluation model and procedures supported by software designed by the authors of this article, which allows to determine how innovative the hotel is through of an integral synthetic indicator that takes into account the functions of the GTI and generates responses with artificial intelligence logic about the current state of the management of the innovative process. As a result, an adequate GTI level is obtained, concluding that the company is carrying good practices innovative, and the need to drive in the continuous improvement of workers on innovation and technological development.

RESUMEN El sector turístico en el mundo contemporáneo se ha convertido en prioridad para muchos países y se presenta hoy como la locomotora de la innovación por su característica versátil y dinámica, que insertado a una cadena logística en el ya afinado proceso agencia de viaje (AAVV) transportista - hotel, dan una amplia participación a múltiples sectores, actuado como efecto multiplicador de la economía local y nacional. En el presente trabajo se propone determinar el nivel de Gestión de la innovación y la Tecnología (GTI) del Hotel 3*. Ciudad Panamá, partiendo de la problemática de no tener una evaluación sistemática en el proceso innovador y poder perder posicionamiento ante la fuerte competencia a la que está sometido el hotel, para ello se aplica una un conjunto de herramientas que permiten cuantificar este factor de competitividad, sustentado en un modelo de evaluación y procedimientos con apoyo de un software diseñado por los autores de este artículo, que permite determinar cuan innovador es el hotel a través de un indicador sintético integral que tiene en cuenta las funciones de la GTI y genera respuestas con lógica de inteligencia artificial sobre el estado actual de la gestión del proceso innovador Como resultado se obtiene un adecuado nivel de GTI, concluyendo que la empresa está llevando buenas prácticas innovadoras, y la necesidad de accionar en la superación continua de los trabajadores sobre la innovación y el desarrollo tecnológico.

This review deals with two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) separations encompassing target heart-cut (LC-LC), multiple heart-cut (mLC-LC), non-targeted comprehensive (LC × LC), and selective comprehensive (sLC × LC) analysis. It presents an overview of basic concepts and emphasizes the versatility of the applications gained by going from one-(1D) to two-dimensional (2D) separations. This review also discusses target analysis of achiral and chiral drugs for different applications and the use of 2D-LC in zonal bioaffinity chromatography. Advances in instrumental and column technologies have widened the application of LC × LC and sLC × LC separations, and we will discuss some of them.

Resumen: Antecedentes: Moringa oleifera es una especie vegetal; sus hojas, flores y frutos son apreciados por la riqueza de nutrientes y potencial antioxidante. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de una infusión de hojas secas de Moringa oleifera en los valores sanguíneos de hemoglobina y ferritina de un grupo de adolescentes. Materiales y métodos: estudio longitudinal de tipo antes y después durante seis meses en 31 adolescentes de la comunidad Cerro Guayabal, Ecuador. Para la suplementación nutricional, se utilizaron 4 gramos de polvo de hojas de Moringa olei fera en dos bolsas para infusión. Se cuantificaron macronutrientes y minerales en el polvo de hojas secas de Moringa oleifera y en su infusión. Los análisis de minerales se llevaron a cabo por triplicado, en un equipo de absorción atómica. Se midió la hemoglobina y la ferritina de los adolescentes al inicio y después de seis meses de la suplementación. Resultados: incremento significativo de 1,29 g en la cifra media de hemoglobina y disminución del número de adolescentes en riesgo de anemia, según los valores de ferritina y hemoglobina. Conclusio nes: estos resultados sitúan a la especie vegetal Moringa oleifera como un alimento potencial y útil para combatir carencias nutricionales, en especial la anemia por deficiencia de hierro.

Abstract Background: Moringa oleifera is a plant species; its leaves, flowers and, fruits are appreciated for the richness of nutrients and antioxidant potential. Objetive: To evaluate the effect of an infusion of dry leaves of Moringa oleifera on the blood values of hemoglobin and ferritin in a group of adolescents. Materials and Methods: Longitudinal before-and-after study for six months in 31 adolescents from the Cerro Guayabal community,Ecuador. For the nutritional supplementation, 4 grams of powdered Moringa oleifera leaves were used in two infusion bags. Macronutrients and minerals were quantified in the Moringa oleifera dry leaves and in its infusion. The mineral analyzes were carried out in triplicate, in an atomic absorption equipment. Hemoglobin and ferritin were measured in adolescents at baseline and after six months of supplementation. Results: Significant increase of 1.29 g in the average figure of hemoglobin, and decrease in the number of adolescents at risk of anemia according to the values of ferritin and hemoglobin. Conclusions: These results place the plant species Moringa oleifera as a potential and useful food to combat nutritional deficiencies, especially iron deficiency anemia.

Resumo Os efeitos do adoecimento crítico e da hospitalização em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) têm sido associados a consequências psicológicas negativas. Este estudo investiga as experiências de pessoas adoecidas que foram internadas em UTI, buscando compreender suas repercussões no self. Foram realizadas entrevistas qualitativas em profundidade e observações participantes com duas pessoas, desde a admissão na UTI até, no mínimo, seis meses após a alta. Os dados foram analisados seguindo uma adaptação do método clínico qualitativo, em um enquadre longitudinal, e interpretados a partir da perspectiva psicoanalítica winnicottiana. A pesquisa descreveu as experiências vividas pelos participantes e a forma como elas afetaram sua organização psíquica. Para os entrevistados, essas experiências se configuraram como situações limite, que estimularam um processo de desintegração psíquica. A recuperação psicológica, por sua vez, depende da articulação das experiências vividas, e é sustentada por relações intersubjetivas facilitadoras que promovem a expressão de potencialidades pessoais.

Abstract The effects of critical illness and hospitalization in intensive care units (ICU) have been associated with the presence of negative psychological consequences. This study explores the experiences of sick people who were admitted to an ICU, seeking to know its repercussions on the self. In-depth qualitative interviews and participant observations were carried out with two people since their ICU admission until at least six months after discharge from the unit. Data was analyzed following an adaptation of the clinical qualitative method within a longitudinal frame and interpreted with Winnicott’s psychoanalytic perspective. This research managed to describe participants’ lived experiences and the ways they affected their psychic organization. To the interviewed, these experiences configured threshold situations which promoted a process of psychic disintegration. Psychological recovery, then, depends on the articulation of lived experiences, and is supported by facilitating intersubjective relationships that promote the expression of personal potentialities.

Resumen Los efectos de una enfermad grave y de la hospitalización en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) se asocian a consecuencias psicológicas negativas. Este estudio abordó las experiencias de personas enfermas hospitalizadas en UCI, con el fin de comprender sus repercusiones en el self. Se realizaron entrevistas cualitativas a profundidad y observaciones participantes con dos personas, desde la admisión en la UCI hasta, por lo menos, seis meses después de haber dado el alta el paciente. Los datos se analizaron de acuerdo con una adaptación del método clínico cualitativo, en un marco longitudinal, y para su interpretación se aplicó la perspectiva psicoanalítica winnicottiana. La investigación describió las experiencias de los participantes y la forma como estas han afectado sus organizaciones psíquicas. Según los entrevistados, las experiencias se configuraron como situaciones límite, las cuales han promovido un proceso de desintegración psíquica. La recuperación psicológica dependió de la articulación de las experiencias vividas y estuvo sostenida por relaciones intersubjetivas facilitadoras, las cuales promovieron la expresión de potencialidades personales.

RESUMO. O Grupo Comunitário de Saúde Mental (GCSM) configura um programa de cuidado e de promoção de saúde mental, aberto à comunidade e alinhado aos princípios da Reforma Psiquiátrica, desenvolvido ao longo de mais de 23 anos, mediante a prática, a observação sistemática e a investigação científica. O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender o papel do coordenador nesta modalidade. O corpus da pesquisa foi constituído a partir de seis sessões grupais áudio gravadas e transcritas na íntegra. Foi delineado um percurso original de análise, em que todas as intervenções do coordenador foram descritas, analisadas e contextualizadas em relação ao momento e desenvolvimento da sessão grupal. Foram identificados eixos comuns às intervenções, que as caracterizam: ‘O enquadre no Grupo Comunitário de Saúde Mental’; ‘O olhar para o gesto humano nas contribuições’; e ‘A participação pessoal do coordenador’. A partir destes, observou-se que a forma de coordenar o GCSM guarda relação com a proposta da atividade e sua fundamentação teórica, filosófica e empírica, inspirada pela fenomenologia clássica. O enquadre, as intervenções e o posicionamento do coordenador favoreceram a constituição de um espaço de cuidado intersubjetivo, em perspectiva de horizontalidade, a partir da tarefa de reconhecer experiências cotidianas significativas ao percurso de amadurecimento da pessoa humana. Nesse sentido, este esta pesquisa aponta para a relevância do estudo aprofundado de aspectos das práticas grupais, como a coordenação, como forma de melhor descrevê-las e compreendê-las.

ABSTRACT. The Community Mental Health Group (CMHG) is a mental health care promotion program, open to the community and inspired by the goals of Psychiatric Reform. The group has been developed over more than 23 years, through its practice, systematic observation and research. This study aimed to understand the role of the group coordinator within this group modality. The corpus of the research was constituted from six audio-recorded group sessions and transcribed in full. An original analysis was outlined in which all the coordinator's interventions were described, analysed and contextualized concerning the moment and development of the group session. Common axes have been identified, which characterize the interventions: ‘The framework in the Community Mental Health Group’, ‘The look at the human gesture in the contributions’, and ‘Coordinator's personal participation’. It was observed that the CMGH's coordination is related to the proposal of the activity and its theoretical, philosophical and empirical foundation, inspired by Classical Phenomenology. The framework, interventions and coordinator's participation appeared to foster the creation of an intersubjective care space, from a horizontal perspective, based on the task of recognizing significant daily experiences in the human being's maturing path. In this sense, this research highlights the relevance of the in-depth study of group practices’ aspects, such as group coordination, as a way of better describing and understanding them.

RESUMEN. El Grupo Comunitario de Salud Mental (GCSM) es un programa de promoción de salud mental, vuelto a la comunidad y alineado a principios de la Reforma Psiquiátrica, desarrollado a lo largo de más de 23 años, por intermedio de la práctica, la observación sistemática y la investigación científica. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender el papel del coordinador de grupo en esta modalidad. El corpus de la investigación fue conformado a partir de seis sesiones grupales audio grabadas y transcritas. Se ha delineado una ruta original de análisis, en el que todas las intervenciones del coordinador fueron descritas, analizadas y contextualizadas en relación al momento y desarrollo de la sesión grupal. Se identificaron ejes comunes a las intervenciones, que las caracterizan: ‘El encuadre en el Grupo Comunitario de Salud Mental’; ‘La mirada hacia el gesto humano en las contribuciones’; ‘La participación personal del coordinador’. Se observó que la forma de coordinar el GCSM se relaciona con la propuesta de la actividad y su fundamentación teórica, filosófica y empírica, inspirada en la fenomenología clásica. El encuadre, las intervenciones y el posicionamiento del coordinador estimularon la constitución de un espacio de cuidado intersubjetivo, en perspectiva de horizontalidad, a partir de la tarea de reconocer experiencias cotidianas significativas al recorrido de maduración de la persona humana. En este sentido, esta investigación apunta a la relevancia del estudio de aspectos de las prácticas grupales, como la coordinación, como forma de describirlas y comprenderlas.

We describe an on-flow zonal affinity-based chromatography assay to screen ligands for the nucleoside diphosphate kinase B enzyme (NME2) from Homo sapiens. For the first time, we have covalently immobilized NME2 on the surface of an open fused silica capillary reactor (NME2-ICER) and placed the reactor before the analytical column, which resulted in a two-dimensional liquid chromatography-based system. We evaluated the pH effect on immobilized NME2 activity and carried out steady-state kinetic studies to compare free and immobilized NME2. Steady-state kinetic studies with the substrates adenosine 5’-triphosphate di(tris) salt dihydrate (ATP) and guanosine 5’-diphosphate sodium salt (GDP) resulted in apparent Michaelis-Menten constant values of 1136 and 713 mmol L-1, respectively. The ping-pong catalysis mechanism and substrate specificity were preserved after NME2 immobilization. By employing a reference inhibitor, (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), we verified the potential application of this method in NME2 ligand screening and NME2 inhibitor identification. The half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) for ECG was 161.3 ± 1.0 μmol L-1.

Resumen: Investigación cuasi experimental, modalidad intervención acción participación, con el objetivo de determinar la influencia de una estrategia de intervención educativa en el estado nutricional de 31 adolescentes de la comunidad Cerro Guayabal, Ecuador implementada durante tres meses. Se precisaron necesidades cognitivas sobre alimentación y nutrición a través de un cuestionario de conocimientos; el estado nutricional según evaluación de ingesta alimentaria y composición corporal mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia semicuantitativo y técnica antropométrica. Se logró satisfacer las necesidades cognitivas, alimentarias y nutricionales, valoradas por los resultados del cuestionario de conocimiento aplicado al finalizar la intervención. La ingesta media de energía y macronutrientes mejoró favorablemente, los % de adecuación de energía y carbohidratos aumentaron, los de grasas calcio, potasio, hierro y cinc disminuyeron, mientras que la piridoxina, folato y retinol mejoraron; la riboflavina se mantuvo normal y la tiamina, niacina, vitamina C y E aumentaron; la proporción de adolescentes masculinos que antes estaban en la categoría de reserva proteica baja según el AMB, disminuyó en 50%, ambos sexos se distribuyeron mayoritariamente en las categorías de reserva calórica muy alta. La aplicación de la estrategia permitió modificar el estado nutricional y logró la satisfacción de necesidades cognitivas sobre alimentación y nutrición de adolescentes del estudio.

Abstract: Quasi-experimental research, participatory intervention modality, with the objective of determining the influence of an educational intervention strategy on the nutritional status of 31 adolescents from the Cerro Guayabal community, Ecuador, implemented for three months. Cognitive needs on food and nutrition were specified through a knowledge questionnaire; the nutritional status according to the evaluation of food intake and body composition through a questionnaire of semi-quantitative frequency and anthropometric technique. It was possible to satisfy cognitive, nutritional and nutritional needs, valued by the results of the knowledge questionnaire applied at the end of the intervention. The average intake of energy and macronutrients improved favorably,% of adequacy of energy and carbohydrates increased, those of fat calcium, potassium, iron and zinc decreased, while pyridoxine, folate and retinol improved; riboflavin remained normal and thiamine, niacin, vitamin C and E increased; the proportion of male adolescents who were previously in the category of low protein reserve according to the AMB, decreased by 50%, both sexes were distributed mostly in the categories of high caloric reserve. The application of the strategy allowed to modify the nutritional status and achieved the satisfaction of cognitive needs on feeding and nutrition of adolescents of the study.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Behaviors and problems related to diseases such as the consumption of tobacco or alcohol, inadequate eating habits and sedentary lifestyle usually occur for the first time, or are reinforced, during adolescence. Objective: To identify which are the health determinants in adolescents of Cerro Guayabal Community, Manabí, Ecuador. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. From a population of 244 adolescents, a sample of 151 adolescents of both sexes was calculated. A survey was designed and applied in order to collect in the home environment the information needed for the study, as well as in situ observation. Results: The results showed male prevalence, early adolescence, regular housing conditions, regularly satisfied basic needs, regular sanitary hygienic conditions, a large number of adolescents with diabetic and hypertensive relatives, adolescents with a greater preference for unhealthy foods, and most of them with a sedentary lifestyle. Conclusions: The need to continue the study of other determinants that may be influencing the health of this population group is demonstrated. It is suitable to jointly develop with the governments and the community different actions aimed to guarantee the health of this population group.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los comportamientos y problemas relacionados con las enfermedades, como el consumo de tabaco o alcohol, hábitos de alimentación inadecuados y sedentarismo, suelen presentarse por primera vez, o verse reforzados, durante la adolescencia. Objetivo: Identificar cuáles son los determinantes de la salud presentes en los adolescentes de la Comunidad Cerro Guayabal, Manabí, Ecuador Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. De una población de 244 adolescentes, se trabajó con una muestra de 151 adolescentes de ambos sexos. Se diseñó y aplicó una encuesta en función de recoger la información necesaria para el estudio, además de la observación in situ. Resultados: Los resultados precisaron prevalencia del sexo masculino, adolescencia temprana, condiciones regulares de la vivienda, necesidades básicas regularmente satisfechas, condiciones higiénicas sanitarias regulares, una gran cantidad de adolescentes con familiares diabéticos e hipertensos, adolescentes con mayor preferencia por alimentos no saludables y la mayoría sedentarios. Conclusiones: Queda demostrada la necesidad de continuar el estudio de otros determinantes que puedan estar influyendo en la salud de este grupo poblacional. Es pertinente, desarrollar de conjunto gobiernos-comunidad, diferentes acciones encaminadas a garantizar la salud de este grupo poblacional.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Behaviors and problems related to diseases such as the consumption of tobacco or alcohol, inadequate eating habits and sedentary lifestyle usually occur for the first time, or are reinforced, during adolescence. Objective: To identify which are the health determinants in adolescents of Cerro Guayabal Community, Manabí, Ecuador. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. From a population of 244 adolescents, a sample of 151 adolescents of both sexes was calculated. A survey was designed and applied in order to collect in the home environment the information needed for the study, as well as in situ observation. Results: The results showed male prevalence, early adolescence, regular housing conditions, regularly satisfied basic needs, regular sanitary hygienic conditions, a large number of adolescents with diabetic and hypertensive relatives, adolescents with a greater preference for unhealthy foods, and most of them with a sedentary lifestyle. Conclusions: The need to continue the study of other determinants that may be influencing the health of this population group is demonstrated. It is suitable to jointly develop with the governments and the community different actions aimed to guarantee the health of this population group.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los comportamientos y problemas relacionados con las enfermedades, como el consumo de tabaco o alcohol, hábitos de alimentación inadecuados y sedentarismo, suelen presentarse por primera vez, o verse reforzados, durante la adolescencia. Objetivo: Identificar cuáles son los determinantes de la salud presentes en los adolescentes de la Comunidad Cerro Guayabal, Manabí, Ecuador Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. De una población de 244 adolescentes, se trabajó con una muestra de 151 adolescentes de ambos sexos. Se diseñó y aplicó una encuesta en función de recoger la información necesaria para el estudio, además de la observación in situ. Resultados: Los resultados precisaron prevalencia del sexo masculino, adolescencia temprana, condiciones regulares de la vivienda, necesidades básicas regularmente satisfechas, condiciones higiénicas sanitarias regulares, una gran cantidad de adolescentes con familiares diabéticos e hipertensos, adolescentes con mayor preferencia por alimentos no saludables y la mayoría sedentarios. Conclusiones: Queda demostrada la necesidad de continuar el estudio de otros determinantes que puedan estar influyendo en la salud de este grupo poblacional. Es pertinente, desarrollar de conjunto gobiernos-comunidad, diferentes acciones encaminadas a garantizar la salud de este grupo poblacional.

The methodology developed in this study through the acquisition of fingerprint chromatograms by liquid chromatography-diode array detector (LC-DAD), aided by principal component analysis, made it possible to assess, in a rational way, the chemical differences between six accessions of Lippia alba and to verify the influence of the method of extraction, the seasonality and the individuality of each accession on chemical composition of its extracts. Among all extracts analyzed against cancer cell lines, eight of them showed to be more promising against a human leukemia cell line (HL-60), displaying cell growth inhibition percentage ranging between 40.0 and 52.0%. In the inhibitory activity assays against acetylcholinesterase enzyme, all extracts showed weak inhibitory effect, with highlight only for six of them, which displayed inhibition ranging between 27.0 and 32.0%.

A new series of Mannich bases derived from 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (lawsone), substituted benzaldehydes and two primary amines, and their Cu2+ complexes were synthesized and evaluated for their potential as selective cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs). Immobilized capillary enzyme reactors (ICERs) bearing butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were used not only for the on-flow screening assay but also for determining the inhibitory potency and equilibrium binding constants of the lead inhibitors. Eight copper complexes were identified and characterized as potent reversible and selective ChEIs with inhibitory potencies (IC50) and constants of inhibition (Ki) ranging from 1.24 to 11.5 µmol L-1. One of the compounds was particularly promising, showing IC50 and Ki values of 1.24 ± 0.01 and 1.06 ± 0.01 µmol L-1, respectively, for huAChE. These values were lower than those for the standard inhibitor galanthamine (IC50 = 206 ± 30.0 and Ki = 126 ± 18.0 µmol L-1). Even though, it is showing noncompetitive inhibition of huAChE and linear mixed-type inhibition of eeAChE. These complexes showed a promising cholinesterase inhibitory activity and can be used as model inhibitors.

Resumo Introdução: Ferramentas de web e teleconferência visando aumentar a resolubilidade da Atenção Básica (AB) são ferramentas de grande valor na articulação com a atenção secundária. Objetivo: Avaliar a segunda opinião formativa através de web e teleconferência em unidades de atenção primária e secundária integrantes do PET-Saúde. Método: Foi realizado um estudo transversal incluindo oito equipes de Saúde da Família, conectadas por ferramentas de telessaúde a um centro de atenção secundária em saúde, ligado a uma instituição de ensino superior, na qual um cardiologista e um alergologista atuaram como médicos consultores. Resultado: Foram geradas 103 consultorias – 44 em Cardiologia e 59 em Alergia Respiratória e Cutânea. Identificou-se que a idade dos assistidos foi maior na segunda opinião da Cardiologia; homens prevaleceram na Cardiologia e mulheres na Alergologia. Na Atenção Básica, resolubilidade ótima ou boa em 75% dos casos. Na Cardiologia, as dúvidas quanto à solicitação e interpretação de exames complementares/condução do tratamento representaram 75% dos casos. Na Alergologia, as dúvidas no diagnóstico, 90% deles. Principais diagnósticos na Cardiologia: hipertensão arterial sistêmica, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva e arritmia sinusal. Na Alergologia: asma e dermatite atópica. Conclusão: O estudo revela potencial e relevância da telemedicina na formação, assistência e pesquisa no SUS.

Abstract Introduction: web and teleconferencing tools to increase the resolution of Primary Care Health (PHC) are valuable tools in conjunction with secondary care. Objective: To evaluate the second formative opinion by web and teleconference in PHC and secondary health center among members of the PET-Health. Method: We performed a cross-sectional study including eight Family Health teams, connected by telehealth tools to a center of secondary health care, attached to a higher education institution, where a cardiologist and an allergist acted as medical consultants. Result: We generated 103 consultancies - 44 in cardiology and 59 in respiratory and skin allergy. It was found that the assisted age was higher in the second opinion of Cardiology; men prevailed in cardiology and women in allergy. In PHC, we found great or good resolving in 75% of the cases. In cardiology application and interpretation uncertainty of additional tests/driving treatment accounted for 75% of cases. In allergy, the diagnosis uncertainty accounted for 90% of them. The main diagnostics in cardiology were hypertension, congestive heart failure and sinus arrhythmia. In allergy they were asthma and atopic dermatitis. Conclusion: The study reveals potential and relevance of telemedicine training, assistance and research in the SUS.

Given the growing number of elderly people in the world, this study was aimed at identifying the emotional needs and self-perception of older women in relation to their housing (institution or their own home). It consisted of a convenience sample of 30 Brazilian women, older than 60, 15 of them institutionalized (Group 1 = G1) and 15 residing in their homes (Group 2 = G2). They were evaluated individually by means of a semi-structured interview (socio-demographic data) and the "Projective Assessment of Aging Method" (PAAM), apperceptive projective theme method for psychological evaluation, consisting of 14 pictures. We use the Morval evaluation system, comparing the average performance of G1 and G2, groups with no relevant differences between them. The main emotional needs identified in the elderly were related to receive affection, to interact with others, and to achieve personal and professional accomplishment. Empirical evidence showed PAAM sensibility to identify the processes related to aging, showing it is a useful resource for the psychological evaluation of elderly people, which deserves further investigation in other contexts.

Dado el creciente número de personas mayores en el mundo, este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las necesidades emocionales y autopercepción de mujeres ancianas en relación a su vivienda (institución o su propia casa). Consistió en una muestra por conveniencia de 30 mujeres brasileñas, mayores de 60,15 institucionalizadas (Grupo 1 = G1) y 15 residentes en sus hogares (Grupo 2 = G2). Fueron evaluadas individualmente a través de una entrevista semiestructurada (datos sociodemográficos) y el "Projective Assessment of Aging Method" (PAAM), método aperceptivo temático (proyectivo) de evaluación psicológica, compuesto por 14 láminas. Utilizamos el sistema de evaluación Morval, comparando el rendimiento promedio de G1 y G2, sin diferencias pertinentes entre los grupos. Las principales necesidades emocionales identificadas en las ancianas fueron: recibir afecto, interactuar con los demás y conseguir la realización personal y profesional. La evidencia empírica mostró sensibilidad de PAAM para identificar los procesos relacionados con el envejecimiento, siendo promisorio y útil este recurso para la evaluación psicológica de las personas mayores, que merece una mayor investigación en otros contextos.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os níveis de estresse transitório e o estado de ansiedade em crianças submetidas à anestesia dental convencional e computadorizada. Vinte crianças (7 a 12 anos de idade) foram randomicamente designadas para receber anestesia dental convencional e computadorizada. Para investigar a hipótese que o estresse transitório poderia ser menor após a anestesia computadorizada, comparada à anestesia convencional, os níveis de cortisol na saliva foram medidos antes e depois de cada técnica. A ansiedade também foi avaliada individualmente por meio do State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC). Os dados numéricos foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney (nível de significância de 5%). Os níveis salivares de cortisol aumentaram em 8 (40%) pacientes após anestesia convencional e em 9 (45%) pacientes após anestesia computadorizada, sem diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois tipos (p=0,34). Da mesma maneira, não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante entre as técnicas (p=0,39) com relação à análise psicológica baseada nos escores STAIC. Anestesia local usando tanto a anestesia convencional quanto o sistema de aplicação computadorizado produziu nível similar de estresse/ansiedade em pacientes infantis, utilizando análises quantitativa e qualitativa.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the transitory stress levels and the anxiety state in children submitted to conventional and computerized dental anesthesia. Twenty children (7 to 12 years) were randomly assigned to receive conventional and computerized dental anesthesia. To investigate the hypothesis that transitory stress could be lower after using computerized anesthesia compared to conventional anesthesia, cortisol levels in saliva were measured before and after each technique. Anxiety was also evaluated individually by answering the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC). Numerical data were analyzed statistically by the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test (5% significance level). Salivary cortisol levels increased in 8 (40%) patients after conventional anesthesia and in 9 (45%) patients after computerized anesthesia, with no statistically significant difference between the two types (p=0.34). In the same way, no statistically significant difference was found between the techniques (p=0.39) related to the psychological analysis based on the STAIC scores. Local anesthesia using either conventional anesthesia or a computerized delivery system produced similar level of stress/anxiety in pediatric patients, using both quantitative and qualitative analyses.