ABSTRACT Objectives The aim of our study is to present early outcomes of our series of retroperitoneal-RAPN (Robot Assisted Partial Nephrectomy). Materials and methods From September 2010 until December 2015, we performed 81 RAPN procedures (44 at left kidney and 37 at right). Average size was 3cm (1-9). Average PADUA score 7.1 (5-10). Average surgical time (overall and only robot time), ischemia time, blood loss, pathological stage, complications and hospital stay have been recorded. Results All of the cases were completed successfully without any operative complication or surgical conversion. Average surgical time was 177 minutes (75-340). Operative time was 145 minutes (80-300), overall blood loss was 142cc (60-310cc). In 30 cases the pedicle was late clamped with an average ischemia time of 4 minutes (2-7). None of the patient had positive surgical margins at definitive histology (49pT1a, 12pT1b, 3pT2a, 2pT3a). Hospital stay was 3 days (2-7). Conclusions The retroperitoneal robotic partial nephrectomy approach is safe and allows treatment of even quite complex tumors. It also combines the already well known advantages guaranteed by the da Vinci® robotic surgical system, with the advantages of the retroperitoneoscopic approach.

ABSTRACT Based on the molecular emission in the 12CO(2-1) and 13CO(2-1) lines, and on the continuum emission in the MIR and FIR towards the S 21 IR dust bubble, we analyze the physical characteristics of the gas and dust linked to the nebula and the presence of young stellar objects (YSOs) in its environs. The line emission reveals a clumpy molecular shell, 1.4 pc in radius, encircling S 21. The total molecular mass in the shell amounts to 2900 M⊙ and the original ambient density, 2.1×103 cm−3, indicating that the bubble is evolving in a high density interstellar medium. The image at 24 µm shows warm dust inside the bubble, while the emission in the range 250 to 870 µm reveals cold dust in its outskirts, coincident with the molecular gas. The detection of radio continuum emission indicates that the bubble is a compact HII region. A search for YSOs using photometric criteria allowed to identify many candidates projected onto the molecular clumps. We analize if the collect and collapse process has triggered a new generation of stars.

RESUMEN Basados en la emisión molecular en las líneas 12CO(2-1) y 13CO(2-1), y en la emisión en el continuo en el mediano y lejano infrarrojo hacia la burbuja S 21, analizamos las características físicas del gas y polvo asociado con S 21 y la presencia de objetos estelares jóvenes (YSOs) en su entorno. La emisión molecular revela una cascara grumosa de 1.4 pc de radio rodeando a S 21. Su masa molecular es de 2900 M⊙ y la densidad ambiental original en la región, 2.1×103 cm−3, lo que indica que la burbuja evoluciona en un medio de alta densidad. La imagen a 24 µm muestra polvo tibio dentro de la burbuja, mientras que la emisión en el rango 250 a 870 µm revela que hay polvo frio en la vecindad, coincidente con el gas molecular. La detección de emisión en el continuo de radio indica que S 21 es una región HII compacta. Una búsqueda de YSOs utilizando criterios fotométricos permitió identificar muchos candidatos coincidentes con los grumos moleculares. Se analiza si el proceso de collect and collapse ha dado origen a una nueva generación de estrellas.