RESUMO: Buscamos por um impacto positivo de utilidade nas espécies invasoras como Pterygoplichthys spp. Foi avaliado o nível ótimo de substituição da farinha de sardinha (SM) pela farinha de Pterygoplichthys spp. (PML) em dietas práticas para tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Foram utilizadas seis dietas experimentais; 50% PLM-50% SM, 60% PLM-40% SM, 70% PLM-30% SM, 80% PLM-20% SM, 90% PLM-10% SM e 100% PLM-0% SM. Em sistema de recirculação foram colocados 270 filhotes de tilápia machos (0.7 ± 0.1 g). As dietas foram triplicadas, o experimento durou 56 dias com amostragem a cada 14 dias, não houve diferença estatística para o crescimento. No final do experimento, foram determinados SGR, ADG, CF, WG, DFI, FCR e PER, não encontrando diferenças significativas (P> 0,05), embora tenha havido uma tendência indicando maior WG e PER na dieta 90% PLM-10% SM (93,56 ± 0,43% e 8,44 ± 1,18 g). A sobrevida foi superior a 90%, sem diferenças significativas. Além disso, não houve diferenças significativas na composição proximal de todo o peixe, enquanto o aparente coeficiente de digestibilidade de proteínas (81-90%) e lipídios (87-93%) também não mostrou diferenças significativas. Podemos concluir que o uso de 100% de farinha de Pterygoplichthys spp. pode substituir 100% de farinha de sardinha na alimentação de jovens O. niloticus sem afetar a sobrevivência, o crescimento, a composição química e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes.

ABSTRACT: We search for positive utility impact on the invasive species Pterygoplichthys spp. The optimal level of replacement of sardine meal (SM) by Pterygoplichthys spp. meal (PLM) in practical feeds for fry of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was evaluated. We evaluated six experimental diets: 50% PLM-50% SM, 60% PLM-40% SM, 70% PLM-30% SM, 80% PLM-20% SM, 90% PLM-10% SM and 100% PLM-0% SM. In a recirculation system, 270 sex-reversed tilapia fry were used (0.7 ± 0.1 g). Diets were administered in triplicate and the experiment lasted 56 days with sampling every 14 days. There were no statistical differences in growth. At the end of the experiment, the SGR, ADG, CF, WG, DFI, FCR and PER were determined without significant differences (P > 0.05) between treatments, but there was a tendency that could indicated higher WG and PER in the 90% PLM-10% SM treatment (93.56 ± 0.43% and 8.44 ± 1.18 g, respectively). All survival rates were higher than 90% with no significant differences. Additionally, there were no statistical differences in the chemical composition of the whole fish, while apparent digestibility coefficients of protein (81-90%) and lipids (87-93%) also showed no significant differences. We concluded that 100% PLM can replace 100% SM in feeding fry of O. niloticus without affecting their survival, growth or chemical composition or the apparent digestibility of nutrients.

This investigation focuses on the dilemma triggered by an environmental problem caused by invasive species of the fish "Plecos", affecting the economic capacity of the fishing cooperatives of the Rios subregion in the watershed of the Usumacinta River in the municipality of Balancan, Tabasco, Mexico. The aim of this study was to characterize the organizational capacity of three fishing cooperatives and how to use this invasive species "Plecos" as a measure of technological innovation. Therefore, two research criteria were established based on technological and organizational levels, with which a characterization graph was performed indicating the organizational capacity of the three fishing cooperatives; four numerical scales were used: undesirable situation (1); regular situation (2); good situation (3) and optimal situation (4), with which we make a comparison and could define that the cooperative San Pedro is the one that has the characteristics of organization to carry out the technological innovation by using the species plecos (Pterygoplich-thys spp.). Finally, the analysis of the fishing cooperatives under the organizational development approach reveals that a good organizational capacity, translated into levels of technology and organization, facilitates openness to new technological innovations and in this particular case, the use of "Plecos" (Pterygoplichthys spp.).

La presente investigación aborda el dilema provocado por un problema ambiental, causado por la especie invasora de un pez (plecos), que afecta la capacidad económica de las cooperativas pesqueras de la subregión Ríos en la cuenca del Usumacinta del municipio de Balancán, Tabasco. El objetivo fue caracterizar la capacidad organizativa de tres cooperativas pesqueras y la forma de aprovechamiento de esta especie como una medida de innovación tecnológica. Para ello se establecieron dos criterios de investigación, el nivel de tecnificación y nivel de organización, con los que se realizó una gráfica de caracterización que indica la capacidad organizativa de las tres cooperativas pesqueras; se utilizaron cuatro escalas numéricas: situación no deseable (1); situación regular (2); situación buena (3) y situación óptima (4) con las que pudimos realizar un comparativo y establecer que la cooperativa San Pedro es la que reúne las características de organización y tecnificación para llevar a cabo la innovación tecnológica de aprovechamiento del plecos (Ptery-goplichthys spp.). Finalmente, la conjugación de los criterios técnico y de organización, permiten, por un lado, identificar las áreas de oportunidad dentro de la organización para ser mejoradas, así como el diseñar y establecer proyectos integrales junto con los pescadores para atenuar y/o solucionar problemas de diversa índole.