Background: The hydrolytic action of cutinases has been applied to the degradation of plastics. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have long half-life which constitutes a major problem for their treatment as urban solid residues. The aim of this work was to characterize and to improve stable the enzyme to optimize the process of degradation using enzymatic hydrolysis of PET by recombinant cutinases. Results: The wild type form of cutinase from Fusarium solani pisi and its C-terminal fusion to cellulose binding domain N1 from Cellulomonas fimi were produced by genetically modified Escherichia coli. The maximum activity of cutinases produced in Lactose Broth in the presence of ampicillin and isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) was 1.4 IU/mL. Both cutinases had an optimum pH around 7.0 and they were stable between 30 and 50ºC during 90 min. The addition of glycerol, PEG-200 and (NH4)2SO4 to the metabolic liquid, concentrated by ultra filtration, stabilized the activity during 60 days at 28ºC. The treatment of PET with cutinases during 48 hrs led to maxima weight loss of 0.90%. Conclusions: Recombinant microbial cutinases may present advantages in the treatment of poly(ethylene terephthalate) PET through enzymatic treatments.

Listeria monocytogenes apresentase como um microrganismo amplamente distribuído na natureza, sendo que a infecção listeriose é reconhecida como uma potencial ameaça a saúde humana devido a sua taxa de mortalidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil de crescimento e de produção de quitosana por Mucor rouxxi UCP 064 cultivado em meio jacatupé (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urban), bem como avaliar a eficácia anti-L. monocytogenes da quitosana produzida com vistas a uma possível aplicação em alimentos. Os mais elevados valores de biomassa de M. rouxxi (16,9 g.L¹) e o maior rendimento na produção de quitosana (62 mg.g-1) foram encontrados após 48 horas de cultivo. As quantidades residuais de glicose e nitrogênio no meio de crescimento após 96 horas foram 4,1 e 0,02 g.L¹ , respectivamente. A quitosana obtida apresentou grau de deacetilação de 85% e peso molecular de 2,6 x 10(4) g.mol-1. Os valores da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) da quitosana sobre L. monocytogenes ATCC 7664 foram, respectivamente, 2,5 e 5,0 mg.mL-1. Nas concentrações de 2,5 e 5,0 mg.mL-1a quitosana fúngica causou um efeito bactericida em um tempo máximo de 4 horas. Valores de contagens menores que 2 log ufc.mL-1foram encontrados a partir de 2 horas, sendo que nenhuma recuperação no crescimento bacteriano foi encontrado até 96 horas. Estes resultados mostram o potencial biotecnológico do meio jacatupé para produção de quitosana por Mucor rouxxi, bem como suportam o possível uso racional de quitosana fúngica como antimicrobiano natural para controlar o crescimento de L. monocytogenes.

Listeria monocytogenes is widely distributed in nature and the infection listeriosis is recognized as a potential threat for human health because of its mortality rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth profile and chitosan production by Mucor rouxxi UCP 064 grown in yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urban) medium. It was also to assess the anti-L. monocytogenes efficacy of the obtained chitosan. Higher values of biomass of M. rouxxi (16.9 g.L¹) and best yield of chitosan (62 mg.g-1) were found after 48 h of cultivation. Residual glucose and nitrogen in the growth media were 4.1 and 0.02 g.L¹ after 96 h, respectively. Obtained chitosan presented 85 % of degree of deacetylation and 2.60 x 10(4) g.mol-1of viscosimetric molecular weight. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values of chitosan against L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 were, respectively, 2.5 and 5.0 mg.mL-1. At 2.5 and 5.0 mg.mL-1 chitosan caused cidal effect in a maximum time of 4 h. Bacterial count below 2 log cfu.mL-1were found from 2 h onwards and no recovery in bacterial growth was noted in the remainder period. These results show the biotechnological potential of yam bean medium for chitosan production by Mucor rouxxi and support the possible rational use of chitosan from fungi as natural antimicrobial to control L. monocytogenes.

Os fungos apresentam a capacidade de produzir e secretar enzimas para o meio ambiente. Entre esses, representantes de Mucor Fresen constituem um grupo de microrganismos com importante potencial biotecnológico, sendo responsáveis pela produção de várias enzimas usadas em processos industriais. Foi observado que 56 isolados do gênero Mucor, totalizando 11 táxons, obtidos de fezes de herbívoros são capazes de produzir amilase, lipase, polygalacturonase e protease em meios sólidos. Os resultados demonstraram que 96% dos isolados produziram poligalacturonase, (84%) amilase, (82%) protease e (66%) lipase.

Fungi are well known by their ability to excrete enzymes into the environment. Among them, representatives of Mucor Fresen. have important biotechnological potential and some of them produce industrial enzymes. This work studied amylase, lipase, polygalacturonase and protease production by fifty-six isolates of Mucor belonging to 11 different taxa, selected from herbivores dung using solid media. The results showed that the majority of the isolates presented several enzymatic activities with predominance of polygalacturonase (96%), followed by amylase (84%), protease (82%) and lipase (66%).