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au:"Campos, Vânia P."

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Nitrogen Oxides Levels in the Atmosphere of Different Brazilian Urban Centers, by Passive Sampling
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Rocha, Franciele O. C. da

; Barbosa, Juliana L.

; Campos, Vânia P.

; Alves, Raiane S.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Fev 2022, Volume 33 Nº 2 Páginas 143 - 156

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Urban air pollution is still an emerging environmental problem, it causes damage to health and is difficult to be controlled in urban centers. The population of large metropolises is often exposed to concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx), mainly due to vehicle emissions. Epidemiological studies claim that exposure to these oxides is strongly correlated with the incidence of different types of cancer. This work evaluated the impact of NOx emissions on the air quality of five Brazilian urban centers, using passive sampling. The NO/NO2 ratio indicated photochemical aging in the atmosphere of all the cities studied. Although there has been a predominant trend towards decreasing of nitrogen oxides concentrations in many locations, average annual values > 40 μg m−3 NO2 have been found, in Brazil as well as other parts of the world, what indicates the need to control air pollution in these areas.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210131

Determination and Risk Assessment of Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde in the Ambient Air of Gas Stations in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Cruz, Lícia P. S.

; Luz, Sâmeque R.

; Campos, Vânia P.

; Santana, Franciele O.

; Alves, Raiane S.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Jun 2020, Volume 31 Nº 6 Páginas 1137 - 1148

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Formaldehyde (FA) and acetaldehyde (AA) were determined in the ambient air of five gas stations (GS) in the city of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil, using three passive samplers exposed simultaneously for 8 h and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The concentration ranges found were 3.31-5.78 µg m−3 for FA and 10.5-28.2 µg m−3 for AA. These values were below the exposure limits recommended by national and international agencies for occupational environments, however, FA concentrations were above the more restrictive limit (3.30 µg m−3) stablished by Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) for long-term outdoor exposure. The lifetime cancer risks (LCR) found associated with the exposure of GS employees to these aldehydes over the 30-year period varied between 4.51 × 10−6-8.00 × 10−6 for FA and 2.46 × 10−6-6.60 × 10−6 for AA. These values are above the acceptable limit set by the USEPA (1.0 × 10−6), reinforcing the need for actions to minimize the occupational exposure, mainly to FA, which is associated with nasopharyngeal cancer.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20190278 490 downloads

Inorganic and Organic Acids in the Atmosphere of the Urban Area of the City of Salvador, Brazil
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Cruz, Lícia P. S.

; Mota, Elisvan R.

; Campos, Vânia P.

; Santana, Franciele O.

; Luz, Sâmeque R.

; Santos, Daniela F.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Mai 2019, Volume 30 Nº 5 Páginas 904 - 914

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Different fuels are used in Brazil and there is little knowledge about the presence of organic and inorganic acids in the atmosphere of the Brazilian cities. HNO3, HCl, HCOOH and CH3COOH were sampled in the gas phase using passive samplers and thermodiffusion system, in which the H2SO4 particulate was also sampled, in five sites of Salvador. Ion chromatography analyses showed that the organic and inorganic acids measured contributed on average with 89 and 11%, respectively, to the acidity of the city’s atmosphere. The strong correlations between HCOOH, CH3COOH and HCl with CO and NO2 indicated a common source for these compounds, predominantly from vehicular emissions. H2SO4 showed strong correlations with PM10 (particulate matter 10 µm or less in diameter) and with its precursor SO2; and HNO3 with NO2 and NO precursors. Most of the compounds presented negative correlations with meteorological parameters. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) confirmed these observations. The ratios [HCOOH] / [CH3COOH] varied between 0.69-1.9, typical of urban areas.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20180227 1118 downloads

Influence of the Transport of Sea Spray on the Salinization of the Semiarid Region Waters (Bahia, Brazil)
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Silva, Adriana M.

; Campos, Vânia P.

; Domingues, Rafaela S.

; Cruz, Lícia P. S.

; Santana, Franciele O.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Dez 2017, Volume 28 Nº 12 Páginas 2402 - 2411

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The sea spray can be transported to long distances, reaching the semiarid regions. In this work, the rainwater and the atmospheric particulate matter were characterized by investigating the presence of sea spray in the atmosphere of the semiarid region of Bahia, Brazil, aiming to study the influence of its transport on the salinization of the waters of the region. Stable isotopes of deuterium and oxygen-18 were also determined in the rain as environmental tracers, evaluating the isotopic ratios 18O/16O and D/H. The atmosphere of the region suffers marine influence, as well as resuspended soil particles and anthropogenic sources. The results demonstrate that the amount of sea spray which reaches the region is insufficient to interfere at the groundwater composition and the cause of its salinization should be attributed to the local geology and the evaporation and salt concentration process due to the high temperatures found in the region.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20170094 648 downloads

Phytochemical Profile of Seed Extracts of Plants Typical of the Brazilian Semiarid and their Potential Application in Brackish Water Desalination
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Costa, Tadeu A. C.

; Campos, Vânia P.

; Menezes, Joilma S.

; Oliva, Sergio T.

; West, Chirlene B.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Set 2016, Volume 27 Nº 9 Páginas 1694 - 1703

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The phytochemical profile of typical seeds from semiarid areas of Bahia was explored. The desalination capacity of the seeds discovered in previous studies considered the seeds potentially suitable for desalination of water. Coals composed of crushed seeds of umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.) and umburana (Amburana cearensis A. C. Sm.) were prepared by heating at 250 ºC. As the desalination process using these materials involves ion exchange besides adsorption, it became necessary to study their chemical composition to check the possibility of transferring undesirable chemical species to the water during the contact between material and water. None of the tested metabolites were found in umbu coal, which enabled its use in desalination. However, the presence of coumarin and alkaloids in the umburana seeds coal indicated that this material is not suitable for that use.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20160050 1189 downloads

Desenvolvimento de dispositivo caseiro para dessalinização de água salobra a partir de sementes de umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda Câmara)
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Menezes, Joilma da S.

; Campos, Vânia P.

; Costa, Tadeu A. de C.

Química Nova

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2012, Volume 35 Nº 2 Páginas 379 - 385

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

The goal of this work was to develop a homemade device to desalinate brackish water, using biological material like seeds from different plant species of the semi arid regions. Umbu seeds (Spondias tuberosa Arruda Câmara) were found to be the most appropriate material, removing a higher quantity of salt from the water compared to the other tested materials. The salt content in 1 L of brackish water typical of the region can be removed with only 1 g of the material, if the water is heated to 50 °C and it may also lower the water hardness, achieving drinking water standards.

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Avaliação e identificação de parâmetros importantes para a qualidade de corpos d'água no semiárido baiano. Estudo de caso: bacia hidrográfica do rio Salitre
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Oliveira, Clélia Nobre de

; Campos, Vânia P.

; Medeiros, Yvonilde Dantas Pinto

Química Nova

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2010, Volume 33 Nº 5 Páginas 1059 - 1066

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objective of this work was identifying superficial water quality parameters, significant to semi-arid hydrographic basins, minimizing costs of water monitoring. The Salitre river basin, an important sub-basin of the São Francisco river, was used as a case study. STD, Cl-, DO, BOD, pH, NO3-, PO4(3-), Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb were considered the most significant parameters, with concentration levels found in some stretches of the basin not compliant with the current legislation. Some of the Salitre river basin sediments may represent a risk to the quality of the water body in relation to levels of nickel and zinc.

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Métodos de amostragem e análise para compostos reduzidos de enxofre atmosférico
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Cruz, Lícia P. S.

; Campos, Vânia P.

Química Nova

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2008, Volume 31 Nº 5 Páginas 1180 - 1189

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

This work presents a review of sampling and analytical methods that can be applied to atmospheric traces of reduced sulphur compounds (RSC) in the atmosphere. Sampling methodology involving discontinuous methods with preconcentration is mostly used. For the most part, adsorption on solids and cryogenic capture are applied as a procedure. The analysis of these compounds has been done mainly by gas chromatography with FPD, fluorescence and spectrophotometry. Advantages and disadvantages of the methodologies are also mentioned in this paper, aiming to guide the reader towards the most appropriate choice of a sampling and analytical method for RSCs.

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Monitoramento atmosférico passivo de SO2, NO2 e O3 em áreas urbanas e de influência industrial como prática de química ambiental para alunos de graduação
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Campos, Vânia P.

; Cruz, Lícia P. S.

; Alves, Eagles M.

; Santos, Tatiane de S.

; Silva, Adriano D.

; Santos, Ana C. C. dos

; Lima, Angelo M. V.

; Paixão, Carine S.

; Santos, Daniele C. M. B.

; Brandão, Denise S.

; Andrade, Elisângela J. S.

; Moreira Jr., José I.

; Conceição, Karla C. S.

; Ramos, Márcia de S.

; Pontes, Maria C. G.

; Amaral, Misael F. do

; Mattos, Rosiene R.

Química Nova

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Jul 2006, Volume 29 Nº 4 Páginas 872 - 875

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

This study is a result of undergraduate student participation in the Environmental Chemistry discipline provided by the Chemistry Institute/UFBA. The students were involved in the development of passive samplers, a project of the LAQUAM (Environmental Analytical Chemistry Laboratory). The students' residences and other neighborhoods were used to create a passive sampling network, allowing the measurement of atmospheric levels of pollutants in urban areas and in those under industrial influence. The assembly of the passive samplers, including impregnation of filters and chemical analysis were part of the students' practice tasks. The results were analyzed taking into consideration the Brazilian legislation.

7853 downloads

10.

Laboratory validation of a passive sampler for SO2 atmospheric monitoring
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Cruz, Lícia P. S.

; Campos, Vânia P.

; Novaes, Jussival A. P.

; Tavares, Tania M.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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Fev 2005, Volume 16 Nº 1 Páginas 50 - 57

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O desempenho de um amostrador passivo foi testado sob exposição em câmara de Teflon. O SO2 fixado no filtro impregnado com solução de Na2CO3 1,0 x 10-2 mol L-1 foi extraído com uso de banho de ultra-som e solução de H2O2 durante 15 min, e determinado como SO4(2-) por cromatografia iônica. O amostrador apresentou bom desempenho, exceto sob condições de estagnação total do ar (0 m s-1), para períodos de exposição muito curtos (0,5 h), em atmosfera contendo O3 > 150 mig m-3 e compostos reduzidos de enxofre em altas concentrações. A umidade relativa do ar (20 - 80%) e exposição à concentração zero não afetaram o desempenho. Mostrou estabilidade por um mês quando estocado a 4 ºC ou por uma semana à temperatura ambiente (~25 ºC). Sua precisão variou entre 3,5 e 23% dependendo da concentração de SO2 e a exatidão entre 91 e 100%.

The performance of a passive sampler was tested under exposure in Teflon chamber. The SO2 trapped in impregnated filter with 1.0 x 10-2 mol L-1 Na2CO3 solution was extracted in ultrasound bath with H2O2 solution for 15 min and determined as SO4(2-) by ion chromatography. The sampler presented good performance except for air in total stillness condition (0 m s-1), for very short exposure periods (0.5 h), for atmosphere with O3 > 150 mug m-3 and for high concentrations of reduced sulfur compounds. The relative humidity of the air (20 - 80%) and the exposure to zero concentration did not affect the sampler performance. It showed stability for one month at 4 ºC or for one week at about 25 ºC. Its precision varied within 3.5 and 23% depending of the SO2 concentration and the accuracy varied from 91 to 100%.

2901 downloads

11.

Comparação de dois tipos de amostragem de chuva: deposição total e deposição apenas úmida em àrea costeira tropical
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Campos, Vânia P.

; Costa, Angela C. A.

; Tavares, Tania M.

Química Nova

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Jul 1998, Volume 21 Nº 4 Páginas 418 - 423

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

In a tropical coastal area. During 6 months the composition of rain samples collected simultaneously over 24h with an open collector and with an automatic opened collector (KFA - J¸lich Type) at 500m of the Atlantic coastline of Salvador were compared. All average concentrations were higher for the "total" samples than for the "wet only" samples, except for hydrogen ions, nitrate and ammonium.

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