ABSTRACT. Intensive weed management is one of the most common practices in coffee cultivation areas. Consequently, some problems, such as soil degradation and the selection of herbicide resistant weed, have increased over time, but, if properly managed, weeds at coffee planting inter-rows can offer benefits of erosion control, nutrient recycling and crop sustainability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different weed management strategies on the productivity and coffee grain size, i.e., quality. The experiment is installed onto a resprouting Coffea arabica L. site, four years after it was established. Treatments are implanted at planting inter-row Urochloa ruziziensis, Pueraria phaseoloides, and spontaneous vegetation maintained by mowing, herbicides, and weeding. To measure dry matter accumulation, samples are taken with a 0.25 m2 square template at plots maintained by mowing and herbicide application. To evaluate the yield and granulometry, coffee fruits are harvested, processed and classified in a set of 14 sieves (grouped in flat or “moca” shapes). The methods of controlling herbicide and weeding show significance in relation to grain production, with the production of grains having a higher market value standing out, when compared with the other treatments. The accumulation of dry matter above soil, in treatments with herbicides and spontaneous vegetation positively influenced the early coffee productivity (2018), and with U. ruziziensis and spontaneous vegetation, positively influenced the productivity of late harvest (2019). The accumulation of dry matter on the soil tends to be positively linked to coffee productivity, especially in periods when there is a shortage of rain in the region under study; however, it cannot be stated that this influence relationship (causality) has a direct positive effect between dry matter mass production and productivity of future coffee plantations.

This article presents a study of the relationship between the Ministry of Planning and the Ministry of Education, in the context of the Brazilian corporate-military dictatorship, which began with the 1964 coup. With this proposal, we seek to understand the mediations of empresariamento of education, within the political society, based on the analysis of the power relations between agencies hierarchically distributed. Taking the MEC as a starting point, we defend that its program was subordinated to economic planning, in the highlighted context, materializing the subsumption of education to the demands of capital reproduction. To support this hypothesis, we present an analysis of the plans of the Ministry of Planning, observing the place destined to education, in its relationship with the Human Capital Theory, then hegemonic. With it, we survey the programs developed by the MEC, in the different ministerial administrations, from 1964 to 1975, pursuing the relationship between the two agencies, both in terms of the fundamentals of the policies, as well as in the representation in their organization.

Este artículo presenta un estudio de la relación entre el Ministerio de Planificación y el Ministerio de Educación, en el contexto de la dictadura militar-empresarial brasileña, iniciada con el golpe de 1964. Con esta propuesta, buscamos comprender las mediaciones del empresariamento de la educación, dentro de la sociedad política, basada en el análisis de las relaciones de poder entre sus agencias jerárquicamente distribuidas. Tomando el MEC como punto de partida, defendemos que su agenda se subordinó a la planificación económica, en el contexto destacado, materializando la subsunción de la educación a las demandas de reproducción del capital. Para sustentar esta hipótesis, presentamos un análisis de los planes del Ministerio de Planificación, observando el lugar destinado a la educación, en su relación con la Teoría del Capital Humano, entonces hegemónica. Con el mismo propósito, se relevaron los programas desarrollados por el MEC, en las diferentes administraciones ministeriales, desde 1964 a 1975, buscando la relación entre las dos agencias, tanto en términos de los fundamentos de las políticas, como en términos de representación en su organización.

O presente artigo traz um estudo da relação entre o Ministério do Planejamento e o Ministério da Educação, no contexto da ditadura empresarial-militar brasileira, que se inicia com o golpe de 1964. Com essa proposta, buscamos compreender as mediações do empresariamento da educação, no interior da sociedade política, a partir da análise das relações de poder entre suas agências, hierarquicamente distribuídas. Tomando o MEC como ponto de partida, defendemos que sua agenda foi subordinada ao planejamento econômico, no contexto em destaque, materializando a subsunção da educação às demandas de reprodução do capital. Para sustentar tal hipótese, trazemos uma análise dos planos do Ministério do Planejamento, observando o lugar destinado à educação, na sua relação com a Teoria do Capital Humano, então hegemônica. Com a mesma finalidade, levantamos os programas desenvolvidos pelo MEC, nas diferentes gestões ministeriais, de 1964 a 1975, perseguindo a relação entre as duas agências, tanto nos fundamentos das políticas, quanto na representação em sua organização. nbsp;

ABSTRACT In drying processes and in the storage of agricultural products, the study of thermodynamic properties is indispensable in the search for solutions to issues of stability and optimization of the conditions of agro-industrial processes. The aim of this work was to determine hygroscopic equilibrium isotherms and study the thermodynamic properties of white bean grains submitted to different equilibrium temperatures and relative humidity levels. Phaseolus vulgaris L. grains were used, with an initial water content of 0.142 (dry basis), temperature variations ranging between 18 and 50 °C, and relative humidity between 19% and 78%. Fifteen mathematical models were tested to determine the hygroscopic equilibrium isotherms, and the Sigma model was the one that best suited the experimental data. The thermodynamic properties of the beans were determined from Sigma-Copace model. The integral isosteric heat of desorption and the differential entropy increased with the reduction of the water content, and the phenomenon of water desorption of white bean grains was a non-spontaneous process controlled by enthalpy.

Resumo O crescimento da população urbana no Brasil deve continuar até 2050, afetando a relação entre os habitantes e as áreas verdes urbanas, cuja vegetação oferece benefícios ao ambiente e à saúde humana. Essas áreas devem ser conservadas e podem ser monitoradas utilizando técnicas e indicadores de medição e distribuição, relacionando sua área e cobertura vegetal (CV) com a população urbana. O estudo mediu e avaliou a distribuição da CV de Áreas Verdes Públicas (AVPs) da cidade de Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram utilizadas uma ortofotografia e o software AutoCad (R) para a medição da CV e foram calculados e classificados os índices de AVP e CV-AVP para cidade e bairros. Analisou-se a relação de CV com a área da AVP e o zoneamento urbano e dos índices com a idade dos bairros. A proporção de CV é inconstante para a área de AVP e zonas urbanas mais populosas apresentaram menor CV. Nos bairros as AVPs que possuem tamanho recomendado não apresentaram CV satisfatória e a maioria dos índices foram nulos. As AVPs não têm sido mantidas com predomínio de CV, indicando limitação dos serviços ecológicos da vegetação para a população urbana. Portanto, é preciso alternativas de espaços verdes em regiões antigas e sem AVPs, conservar AVPs com CV satisfatória e reflorestar as que possuem CV insatisfatória. A CV urbana foi medida em uma ortofotografia de 0,1 pixel/cm, indicando índices de AVP e CV-AVP e o mapa de distribuição da CV de AVPs como ferramentas adequadas e de baixo custo para o planejamento urbano, visando os serviços ambientais que a vegetação oferece à população.

Abstract Urban population growth in Brazil is expected to remain on rising until 2050, and it will affect the relationship between city residents and urban green areas, whose vegetation favor the environment and human health. These areas must be conserved and they can be monitored through the application of techniques and through measurement and distribution indicators by relating their area and vegetation cover (VC) to the urban population. VC distribution in Public Green Areas (PGA) in Governador Valadares City, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, was measured and assessed. An orthophoto and the AutoCad(R) software were used to measure VC and to calculate and classify PGA and PGAVC indices for the city and its neighborhoods. Also, the association between VC and PGA area, and urban zoning, as well as between indices and neighborhoods’ age, were analyzed. VC ratio in the PGA area is inconstant; moreover, more populated zones presented less VC. PGAs presenting the recommended size did not present satisfactory VC in the neighborhoods and most indices recorded value equal to zero. PGAs did not remain the same due to VC prevalence, and it may limit vegetation’s ecological services to the urban population. Therefore, alternative green spaces are needed in old regions without PGAs, PGA conservation in regions with satisfactory VC, as well as it is essential reforesting areas recording unsatisfactory VC. Urban VC was measured in an orthophoto (0.1 pixel/cm) and it indicated that PGA and PGAVC indices and PGAs VC distribution map are suitable and low-cost urban planning tools aimed at environmental services offered by vegetation to the population.

Resumo O texto apresenta resultados de um estudo que visa a compreender as relações que estudantes do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental estabelecem com o rio Doce no contexto do rompimento da barragem de Fundão. O aporte teórico e metodológico são as contribuições de Bernard Charlot em diálogo com o campo da educação ambiental. Os dados foram gerados por meio de balanço de saber e de entrevistas. Os resultados indicam preponderância de aprendizagens afetivas sobre as aprendizagens escolares e cidadãs. Por sua vez, é para a escola que os estudantes direcionam suas demandas de aprendizagens, atribuindo-lhes sentidos no contexto do desastre sociotécnico. Afirma-se a importância da escola para a tomada de decisões coletivas e para a atuação no contexto do desastre de forma socialmente responsável.

Abstract This paper presents the results of a study that aims to understand the relations that 9th-grade students establish with the Rio Doce in the context of the Fundão dam rupture. The theoretical and methodological basis is the contributions of Bernard Charlot through a dialogue with the field of environmental education. The data was generated through the inventory of knowledge and interviews. The results indicate the preponderance of affective learning over the school and citizen learning. In turn, it is towards the school that students direct their learning demands, giving them meanings in the context of the socio-technical disaster. The importance of the school for collective decision-making and socially responsible action in the context of the disaster is therefore affirmed.

Resumen El texto presenta los resultados de un estudio que tiene como objetivo comprender las relaciones que los estudiantes de noveno año de enseñanza básica establecen con el río Doce en el contexto de la ruptura de la presa de Fundão. Las aportaciones teórica y metodológica vienen dadas por las ideas de Bernard Charlot en diálogo con el área de la educación ambiental. Los datos se generaron a través de un equilibrio entre inventários de saber y entrevistas. Los resultados indican una preponderancia del aprendizaje afectivo sobre el aprendizaje escolar y ciudadano. A su vez, es a la escuela donde los estudiantes dirigen sus demandas de aprendizaje, asignándoles sentidos en el contexto del desastre socio-técnico. Se afirma la importancia de la escuela para la toma de decisiones colectivas y para actuar en el contexto del desastre de una manera socialmente responsable.

RÉSUMÉ Ce texte présente les résultats d’une étude visant à comprendre les rapports que des élèves de troisième entretiennent avec le Rio Doce après la rupture du barrage minier du Fundão. Le cadre théorique et méthodologique est basé sur la contribution de Bernard Charlot en dialogue avec le domaine de l’éducation environnementale. Les données ont été obtenues par moyen d’un bilan de la litterature et d’entretiens. Les résultats indiquent que les apprentissages d’ordre affectif prédominent sur les apprentissages scolaires et citoyens. Ce sont les élèves eux-mêmes qui demandent à l’école des enseignements qu’ils considerent significatifs dans le contexte du désastre socio-technique. L’importance de l’école dans la prise de décisions collectives et pour l’action socialement responsable dans le contexte du désastre est soulignée.

ABSTRACT Knowledge on sorption isotherms is important for predicting drying and storage processes of a product. A sorption isotherm can be generated from two processes: desorption and adsorption. The lag between these two curves is called hysteresis. Static method was used to obtain the equilibrium moisture content of paddy rice grains, in different temperature (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ± 1°C) and relative humidity (between 11 and 76% ± 2%) conditions. Equilibrium moisture content data were correlated with eight mathematical models and. The Chung Pfost model had the best fit to the experimental data. Desorption and adsorption isotherms, represented by the Chung Pfost model, showed a sigmoidal shape, characteristic of type II curve. Equilibrium moisture content values obtained by desorption were higher than those obtained by adsorption, evidencing the hysteresis phenomenon.

RESUMO O estudo das propriedades termodinâmicas proporciona o conhecimento da afinidade do sorvente pela água e da espontaneidade do processo de sorção, sendo importante para projetar equipamentos de secagem e predizer o comportamento higroscópico durante o armazenamento. Este trabalho visou a determinar e avaliar isotermas de equilíbrio higroscópico e propriedades termodinâmicas, para diferentes condições de equilíbrio (teores de água e temperaturas) em sementes de girassol, utilizando-se o método estático indireto. Foram utilizadas sementes de girassol com teor inicial de água de 0,164 (decimal, base seca - b.s). Foram testados quinze modelos matemáticos para modelagem de equilíbrio higroscópico, sendo que o modelo de Smith foi o que apresentou melhor ajuste. Verificou-se que as propriedades termodinâmicas foram influenciadas pelo teor de água, o calor isostérico integral de dessorção aumentou com o decréscimo do teor de água de equilíbrio, variando de 1,787 a 2,670 kJ kg-1 para 0,198 a 0,0518 (decimal, b.s.), respectivamente, o processo de dessorção das sementes de girassol foi controlado pela entalpia e a energia livre de Gibbs, que variou de 3,6363 a 200,1730 kJ kg-1, foi positiva para as temperaturas estudadas, com aumento ao longo do processo de dessorção, demonstrando ser um processo não espontâneo.

ABSTRACT The study of the thermodynamic properties provides the knowledge of the sorbent affinity by the water and the spontaneity of the sorption process, important to design drying equipment and to predict hygroscopic behavior during storage. This work aimed to determine and evaluate isotherms of hygroscopic equilibrium and thermodynamic properties for different equilibrium conditions (water contents and temperatures) in sunflower seeds, using the indirect static method. Sunflower seeds with initial water content of 0.164 (decimal, dry basis - d.b.) were used. Fifteen mathematical models were tested for hygroscopic equilibrium modeling, and the Smith model presented the best fit. It was verified that the thermodynamic properties were influenced by the water content, the integral isosteric desorption heat increased with the decrease of the equilibrium water content, ranging from 1.787 to 2.670 kJ kg-1 to 0.198 to 0.0518 (decimal, d.b.), respectively, the desorption process of the sunflower seeds was controlled by the enthalpy and the Gibbs free energy, which varied from 3.6363 to 200.1730 kJ kg-1, was positive for the temperatures studied, with increase to during the desorption process, proving to be a non-spontaneous process.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar os resultados da uroterapia padrão isolada e associada ao treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico isoladamente e em combinação com a oxibutinina no tratamento da enurese noturna não monossintomática. Métodos Trinta e oito crianças entre 5 e 10 anos de idade foram randomizadas em três grupos: Grupo I (n=12) realizou uroterapia padrão; Grupo II (n=15) realizou uroterapia padrão associada ao treinamento muscular do assoalho pélvico; e Grupo III (n=11) realizou uroterapia padrão associada ao treinamento muscular do assoalho pélvico e oxibutinina. O tratamento teve duração de 12 semanas. Os instrumentos de avaliação foram diário miccional lúdico e diário miccional de 48 horas, antes e depois do tratamento. Após 2 anos, os pacientes foram avaliados por telefone, usando um questionário padronizado. Resultados Os dados das crianças dos três grupos eram homogêneos no início do estudo. Após 12 semanas de tratamento, todas as crianças apresentaram melhora em relação aos sinais e sintomas de enurese noturna não monossintomática, mas as diferenças não foram significativas entre os grupos. Depois de 2 anos, os resultados do tratamento se mantiveram nos três grupos, mas não houve diferenças entre os grupos. Conclusão As três modalidades de tratamento foram eficazes na melhora da enurese e dos sintomas do trato urinário inferior, mas o tamanho da amostra não foi grande o suficiente para mostrar diferenças entre os grupos.

Abstract Objective To compare the results of the standard urotherapy alone and associated with pelvic floor muscle training alone, and in combination with oxybutynin in treatment of nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. Methods A total of 38 children aged 5 to 10 years were randomized into three groups: Group I (n=12) that was submitted to standard urotherapy; Group II (n=15), standard urotherapy associated with pelvic floor muscle training; and Group III (n=11), standard urotherapy associated with pelvic floor muscle training and oxybutynin; the treatment lasted 12 weeks. The assessment tools used were playful bladder diary, and a 48-hour bladder diary, before and after treatment. After 2 years, patients were assessed by telephone using a standardized questionnaire. Results The data of children from the three groups were homogeneous at baseline. After 12-week treatment, all children showed improved symptoms and signs of nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis, but the differences were not significant among the groups. After 2 years, the three groups showed maintenance of treatment results, but no differences among them. Conclusion All treatment modalities were effective regarding improved enuresis and lower urinary tract symptoms, but the sample was not large enough to show differences among groups.

ABSTRACT The present research aimed to study the water sorption behavior of quinoa seeds analyzing the hysteresis phenomenon and determining thermodynamic properties. Static gravimetric technique was used to obtain the equilibrium moisture content of quinoa seeds in different temperature conditions (15, 25, 35 e 50 °C) and relative humidity (between 11 and 96%). Equilibrium moisture content data were adjusted by eight mathematical models and the Modified Halsey model was the best one to describe the water sorption phenomena of quinoa seeds. Hygroscopic equilibrium moisture content of quinoa seeds is directly proportional to the water activity and decreases with increasing temperature. The hysteresis phenomena were observed throughout the range of water activity, showing more evident at low temperatures. Integral isosteric heat and differential entropy decreased with the increase of equilibrium moisture content. Gibbs free energy decreased with the increase of temperature and equilibrium moisture content. Compensation enthalpy-entropy theory was confirmed and the sorption mechanism is controlled by enthalpy.

RESUMO Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, modelar a cinética de sorção de água de grãos de feijão danificado. Foram utilizados grãos com teor de água inicial de 53,85% base seca (bs). Parte dos grãos foi utilizada para se obter as isotermas de dessorção enquanto outra foi submetida à secagem até o teor de água de 5,26% (bs), para que a mesma fosse submetida à adsorção. Para a indução da danificação foi utilizado um Stein Breakage Tester. Visando obter o teor de água de equilíbrio, os grãos foram colocados em câmara climática cujas temperaturas foram de 20, 30, 40 e 50 ± 1 ºC combinadas com umidades relativas de 30, 40, 50, 70 e 90 ± 3%. O modelo de GAB ajustou-se bem aos dados experimentais de equilíbrio higroscópico de grãos danificados e testemunha. Com o aumento de temperatura os valores do teor de água da monocamada diminuíram para processos de adsorção e dessorção variando entre 9,84 a 5,10% b.s. O menor teor de água da monocamada nos grãos danificados indica que é necessário menor teor de água para garantir sua conservação.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to model the water sorption kinetics of damaged beans. Grains with initial moisture content of 53.85%, dry basis (d.b.), were used. One portion of the grains was used to obtain desorption isotherms, while the other was subjected to drying until the moisture content of 5.26% (d.b.), so that it was subjected to the adsorption. For the induction of damage, a Stein Breakage Tester was used. To obtain the equilibrium moisture content, grains were placed in a climatic chamber at 20, 30, 40 and 50 ± 1 °C combined with relative humidity of 30, 40, 50, 70 and 90 ± 3%. The GAB model fitted well to the equilibrium moisture experimental data of damaged grains and control. With increasing temperature, the monolayer moisture contents decreased in adsorption and desorption processes, ranging from 9.84 to 5.10% d.b. The lower moisture content in the monolayer in damaged grains indicates that lower moisture content is necessary to ensure their conservation.

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da danificação mecânica na histerese de grãos de feijão, em diferentes condições de temperatura e umidade relativa. Foram utilizados grãos de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) colhidos manualmente com teor de água de 35% (b.u.). Parte desse produto foi submetido à danificação mecânica induzida (via Stein Breakage Tester) e a secagem controlada (amostra danificada e testemunha), para os processos de dessorção e adsorção. As isotermas de adsorção e dessorção da água foram analisadas para diferentes condições de temperatura: 20, 30, 40 e 50 oC e umidade relativa: 0,3; 0,4; 0,5; 0,7 e 0,9 (decimal). Os dados de teor de água de equilíbrio foram correlacionados com seis modelos matemáticos; o modelo Oswin Modificado foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados experimentais. Uma vez visualizadas as isotermas supracitadas foi possível verificar o fenômeno da histerese das amostras danificadas e testemunha, fenômeno este mais pronunciado na amostra testemunha.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mechanical damage on the hysteresis of beans with induced mechanical damage under different conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) harvested manually with 35% water content (w.b.) were used. Part of this product was subjected to induced mechanical damage by Stein Breakage Tester and controlled drying (damaged and control sample), for sorption processes. The sorption isotherms of water were analyzed for different temperature conditions: 20, 30, 40 and 50 oC; and relative humidity: 0.3; 0.4; 0.5; 0.7 and 0.9 (decimal). Equilibrium moisture content data were correlated with six mathematical models, and the Modified Oswin model was the one that best fitted to the experimental data. According to the above mentioned isotherms, it was possible to observe the phenomenon of hysteresis of damaged and control samples, and this phenomenon was more pronounced in control ones.

RESUMO A jabuticaba é um fruto nativo do Brasil e além de conter muitas qualidades nutricionais também possui bom campo para a utilização em subprodutos como farinhas para bolos e biscoitos, suco, licor, geleia e outros. Objetivou-se modelar a cinética de secagem e determinar as propriedades termodinâmicas de casca de jabuticaba em diferentes temperaturas do ar de secagem. Foram utilizadas jabuticabas maduras, colhidas e separadas da polpa manualmente, da espécie Myrciaria jaboticaba. A secagem foi realizada em estufa de circulação forçada de ar com velocidade de 5,6 m s-1 nas temperaturas de 40; 50; 60 e 70 °C. Seis modelos matemáticos usualmente utilizados para a representação do processo de secagem de produtos agrícolas foram ajustados aos dados experimentais. A relação do tipo Arrhenius foi utilizada para representar a constante de secagem em função da temperatura. O modelo de Midilli foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados experimentais da secagem. A constante de secagem aumentou com o incremento da temperatura de secagem e proporcionou energia de ativação de 37,29 kJ mol-1. A entalpia e a energia livre de Gibbs diminuíram com o aumento da temperatura de secagem; já a entropia diminuiu e foi negativa.

ABSTRACT Jabuticaba is a fruit native of Brazil and, besides containing many nutritional qualities, it also has a good field for use in products such as flour for cakes and biscuits, juice, liqueur, jelly and others. This study aimed to model the drying kinetics and determine the thermodynamic properties of jabuticaba peel at different drying air temperatures. Ripe fruits of jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) were collected and pulped manually. Drying was carried out in a forced-air circulation oven with a flow of 5.6 m s-1 at temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C. Six mathematical models commonly used to represent the drying process of agricultural products were fitted to the experimental data. The Arrhenius model was used to represent the drying constant as a function of temperature. The Midilli model showed the best fit to the experimental data of drying. The drying constant increased with the increment in drying temperature and promoted an activation energy of 37.29 kJ mol-1. Enthalpy and Gibbs free energy decreased with the increase in drying temperature, while entropy decreased and was negative.

Avaliar a resistência de união ao cisalhamento de reparos de resina composta com e sem envelhecimento da superfície a ser reparada, utilizando diferentes sistemas adesivos. Noventa corpos de prova foram confeccionados sendo: 10 para o Grupo Controle (GC - sem reparo); 40 para o Grupo I (GI - reparos após 7 dias) e 40 para o Grupo II (GII - reparos após 180 dias). Para os reparos, os grupos GI e GII foram subdivididos em 4 subgrupos com 10 corpos de prova, variando o sistema adesivo e a resina composta: A) Adper Scotch Bond Multipurpose+ Filtek Z350XT; B)Adper Single Bond Plus+ Filtek Z350XT; C)Adper Scotch Bond Multipurpose+ Esthet-X; D) Adper Single Bond Plus+ Esthet-X. Os corpos de prova foram submetidos a uma força de cisalhamento em uma máquina de ensaio universal (EMIC). Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste estatístico Anova dois fatores, seguido pelo teste de Fisher´s. Observou-se melhor comportamento do grupo controle sobre os demais grupos, além disso, os reparos realizados aos 7 dias foram superiores aos dos realizados em 180 dias. Não houve diferença significativaquando se comparou diferentes sistemas adesivos e resinas compostas. Os reparos de resina composta diminuem a resistência mecânica da restauração.O envelheci mento do substrato de resina pode diminuir a resistência ao reparo ao longo do tempo, independentemente do tipo de sistemas adesivos e resinas compostas utilizados.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of resin composite repairs with and without aging of the surface to be repaired, using different adhesive systems and resin composites. Ninety specimens were prepared: 10 for the Control Group (GC - without repair); 40 for Group I (GI - repairs after 7 days) and 40 for Group II (GII - repairs after 180 days). Groups I and II were divided into 4 subgroups of 10 specimens each, according to the adhesive system and composite resin used: A) Adper Scotch Bond Multipurpose + Filtek Z350 XT; B) Adper Single Bond Plus + Filtek Z350 XT; C) Adper Scotch Bond Multipurpose + Esthet-X; D) Adper Single Bond Plus + Esthet-X. The specimens were tested for shear strength in a universal testing machine. The results were analyzed by two-factor one-way ANOVA and Fisher's post hoc tests (alpha=0.05). The control group had better performance than the other groups. There was no significant difference when comparing different adhesive systems and composite resins. Repairs performed at 7 days were better than those performed at 180 days. The composite repairs decreased the mechanical strength of the restoration. Aging of the resin substrate may decrease repair bond strength over time, regardless of the type of adhesive systems and resin composites used.

In this present study, the investigation about pH sensorial properties of WO3, via sol-gel, was evaluated by Voltammetry and Extended Gate Field Effect Transistor techniques. The X-ray diffractogram indicates the presence of a lamellar structure, d = 0.69 nm, resulting in WO3.2H2O. From Scanning Electron Microscopy of WO3.2H2O was observed a process corresponding to the delamination which consists of irregular stacking with rounded platelets. The WO3.2H2O was investigated as a pH sensor in the pH range 2–12, by the EGFET and Voltametry techniques presenting a sensitivity of 52 mV/pH and 60 mV/pH, respectively. These results can indicate that both Voltammetry and EGFET techniques present values close to the theoretical limit (59.2 mV/pH) as well as the material is a promising candidate for applications as a pH sensor and as disposable biosensor in the future.

Objectives Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is the result of an inadequate dietary intake of iodine, which physiological consequences are endemic goiter and thyroid dysfunction. The objective of this study was to a analyze studies that assessed the status of Brazil’s population iodine nutrition and IDD prevalence. Materials and methods Systematic review using PRISMA statement. Electronic database: PubMed, Medline, SciELO and Lilacs. Quality of studies: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was carried out with R Core Team Statistical Software, version 3.1.0 (2014). The summary measure (WMD) and its confidence interval (CI) of 95% were calculated. The “Funnel plot” graph assessed publication bias and heterogeneity. Results Seventeen papers were eligible: pregnant women (2), school children (9), adults/elderly (4) and preschool children/infants (2). Geographic distribution: North (1), Northeast (1), Midwest (2), Southeast (13), South (3). Twenty-three thousand two hundred seventy-two subjects were evaluated between 1997 and 2013 and all have use urinary iodine (UI) measurement. However, only 7 studies could be included in meta-analysis, all from Southeast region. The overall prevalence of IDD in school children in southeast region was 15.3% (95% CI, 13-35%), however this data had an important heterogeneity, expressed by the I2 Statistic of 99.5%. Conclusion Only few studies have been performed and enrolled populations from south/southeast region of Brazil. The actual IDD prevalence analysis is complex because it was detected bias due influence of individual studies and very high heterogeneity. IDD might still be high in some areas but this remained unknown even after this meta-analysis evaluation. The generation of a national program for analysis of iodine status in all regions is urgently required. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(1):13-22