Abstract Aiming to meet current demands from the automotive industry, a third generation of advanced high strength steel (AHSS) has been developed as an alternative to previous generations. Different alloys and innovative processes have been deeply studied as, for example, quenching and partitioning (Q&P). The published papers highlight that the best heat treatment parameters for a satisfactory Q&P execution are strongly dependent on the austenite conditioning and they can be optimized if thermodynamic and kinetics calculations are performed. In this context, this work evaluated the effect of step quenching (SQ) heat treatments on the kinetics of ferrite formation and Q&P modeling for a commercial C-Mn-Si steel, predicting the microstructural evolution and the final phase fractions as a function of the heat treatment parameters. The JMAK model was optimally fitted to the ferrite fraction, as well as to the microhardness data. The kinetics characterization and the thermodynamic modeling showed that the combination of SQ and Q&P can provide a high retained austenite fraction in a multiphase microstructure. As a conclusion, it is possible to state that a well-planned SQ heat treatment followed by an optimized Q&P cycle has the potential to generate an advanced steel with a final microstructure assisted by the TRIP effect.

Resumen Esta investigación busca conocer cómo el conservadurismo político puede influir en la cantidad de criterios que utiliza una persona para decidir consumir determinados productos o servicios. Se realiza un muestreo intencional mediante una herramienta electrónica por internet con personas costarricenses en el mes de mayo del año 2020. Los resultados sugieren que el nivel de conservadurismo político influye en la toma de decisiones de las personas consumidoras. JEL: A12; A13; G40; G41; N36

Abstract This study seeks to know how political conservatism can influence the number of criteria used for consumers for decision making. Intentional sampling is carried out using an electronic online tool in Costa Rica in May 2020. The results suggest the level of political conservatism influences the decision making of consumers. JEL: A12; A13; G40; G41; N36

Resumo Este estudo busca saber como o conservadorismo político pode influenciar o número de critérios utilizados pelos consumidores. A amostragem intencional é realizada usando uma ferramenta eletrônica on-line com os costarriquenhos no mês de maio de 2020. Os resultados sugerem que o nível de conservadorismo político influencia a tomada de decisão dos consumidores. JEL: A12; A13; G40; G41; N36

Abstract Background: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that usually occurs in adults and rarely has been reported in children, although both subtypes share the same clinical characteristics. Case report: A 10-year-old female presented dermostosis on the face, affecting cheeks and nose, characterized by erythema, papules, pustules, scars of two years of evolution, as well as bilateral conjunctivitis, blepharitis and corneal opacity. She referred recurrent exacerbations and partial remission of cutaneous lesions and ocular symptoms related to sun exposure. She responded dramatically to systemic and topical antibiotics. Conclusions: Childhood rosacea should be distinguished from other most common erythematous facial disorders, such as acne, granulomatous perioral dermatitis, and sarcoidosis. The distribution of papulopustular facial lesions together with the presence of telangiectasia, flushing and the ocular findings allow the differentiation of rosacea from other facial eruptions.

Resumen Introducción: La rosácea es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica de la piel que generalmente afecta adultos. Rara vez se ha reportado en niños, aunque ambos subtipos comparten las mismas características clínicas. Caso clínico: Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 10 años de edad con dermostosis que afecta las mejillas y la nariz. La lesión está caracterizada por eritema, pápulas, pústulas, cicatrices de 2 años de evolución, así como conjuntivitis bilateral, blefaritis y opacidad corneal. Presentó exacerbaciones recurrentes de las lesiones cutáneas y síntomas oculares relacionados con la exposición solar. La paciente respondió muy bien a la terapia con antibióticos tópicos y sistémicos. Conclusiones: La rosácea infantil debe distinguirse de otros trastornos faciales eritematosos con mayor frecuencia, como el acné, la dermatitis perioral granulomatosa y la sarcoidosis. La distribución de las lesiones faciales papulopustulares junto con la presencia de telangiectasias, rubor y los hallazgos oculares permiten la diferenciación de la rosácea de otras erupciones faciales.

Resumo: A inovação docente na universidade afeta a estratégias educativas, o que deve também traduzir-se ao designe e implementação de lugares construídos que a potencializem. Arquitetura e moda são áreas de conhecimento comparáveis, pois têm partilhado historicamente fundamentos teóricos, modalidades formativas e espaços. Pelo alto componente criativo de ambas disciplinas, o presente artigo estuda a optimização de seus processos de ensino -aprendizagem, acompanhando-os dos necessários “espaços didáticos”. Como ilustrações, aproveita-se umas experiências realizadas recentemente, onde se têm posto em prática estratégias pedagógicas que, orientadas à inovação, tem tratado de vincular arquitetura e moda com outras artes.

Abstract: Teaching innovation in the university affects educational strategies, which must also be translated into the design and implementation of built sites that empower it. Architecture and fashion are comparable areas of knowledge, as they have historically shared theoretical foundations, training modalities and spaces. Due to the high creative component of both disciplines, this article studies the optimization of their teaching-learning processes, accompanied by the necessary "didactic spaces". To illustrate this some recent experiences have been gathered, where pedagogical strategies oriented towards innovation have been put into practice attempting to link architecture and fashion with other arts.

Resumen: La innovación docente en la universidad afecta a estrategias educativas, lo que debe asimismo traducirse al diseño e implementación de lugares construidos que la potencien. Arquitectura y moda son áreas de conocimiento comparables, pues han compartido históricamente fundamentos teóricos, modalidades formativas y espacios. Por la alta componente creativa de ambas disciplinas, el presente artículo estudia la optimización de sus procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, acompañándolos de los necesarios “espacios didácticos”. Como ilustraciones, se recogen unas experiencias llevadas a cabo recientemente, donde se han puesto en práctica estrategias pedagógicas que, orientadas a la innovación, han tratado de vincular arquitectura y moda con otras artes.

Abstract MS INTA 416 is a hard red winter wheat selected for high yield potential and good bread-making quality, combined with moderate resistance to Fusarium-head-blight and high resistance to leaf-rust, due mainly to presence of resistance genes Fhb1 and Lr47. MS INTA 416 is adapted to main production areas of Central-Argentina.

Abstract The political ideology reflects a series of beliefs and behaviors that can be measured, being necessary the creation of a psychometric instrument. In this way, we used the scale constructed by Brussino, Rabbia, Imhoff, & Paz García (2011), who developed a similar work in Cordoba, Argentina. The procedure included expert’s criteria, cognitive interviews and a sample of 117 advisers from the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica, in addition to the support of two deputies. The data show the instrument can measure three types of ideology (conservative, socialist and progressive) with an acceptable reliability (a = .747).

Resumen La ideología política refleja una serie de creencias y comportamientos que pueden ser medidos, siendo necesario la creación de un instrumento psicométrico que permita llevar a cabo dicho fin. Para ello, se utilizó como base la escala construida por Brussino, Rabbia, Imhoff y Paz García (2011), quienes desarrollaron un trabajo similar en Córdoba, Argentina. El procedimiento contempló la valoración de personas expertas, entrevistas cognitivas y una muestra de 117 asesoras y asesores de la Asamblea Legislativa de Costa Rica, además del apoyo de dos personas diputadas. Los datos arrojan que el instrumento mide tres tipos de ideología (conservadora, socialista y progresista) con un índice aceptable de confiabilidad (a = 0.747).

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. is a common and widespread disease of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), in Argentina. Host resistance is the most economical, effective and ecologically sustainable method of controlling the disease. Gene postulation helps to determine leaf rust resistance genes (Lr genes) that may be present in a large group of wheat germplasm. Additionally presence of Lr genes can be determined using associated molecular markers. The objective of this study was to identify Lr genes that condition leaf rust resistance in 66 wheat cultivars from Argentina. Twenty four differential lines with individual known leaf rust resistance genes were tested with 17 different pathotypes of leaf rust collected from Argentina. Leaf rust infection types produced on seedling plants of the 66 local cultivars were compared with the infection types produced by the same pathotypes on Lr differentials to postulate which seedling leaf rust genes were present. Presence of Lr9, Lr10, Lr19, Lr20, Lr21, Lr24, Lr25, Lr26, Lr29, Lr34, Lr35, Lr37, Lr47 and Lr51 was also determined using molecular markers. Eleven different Lr genes were postulated in the material: Lr1, Lr3a, Lr3ka, Lr9, Lr10, Lr16, Lr17, Lr19, Lr24, Lr26, Lr41. Presence of Lr21, Lr25, Lr29, and Lr47 could not be determined with the seventeen pathotypes used in the study because all were avirulent to these genes. Eleven cultivars (16.7%) were resistant to all pathotypes used in the study and the remaining 55 (83.3%) showed virulent reaction against one or more local pathotypes. Cultivars with seedling resistance gene combinations including Lr16 or single genes Lr47 (detected with molecular marker), Lr19 and Lr41, showed high levels of resistance against all pathotypes or most of them. On the opposite side, cultivars with seedling resistance genes Lr1, Lr3a, Lr3a + Lr24, Lr10, Lr3a + Lr10, Lr3a + Lr10 + Lr24 showed the highest number of virulent reactions against local pathotypes. Occurrence of adult plant resistance genes Lr34, Lr35 and Lr37 in local germplasm was evaluated using specific molecular markers confirming presence of Lr34 and Lr37. Our data suggest that combinations including seedling resistance genes like Lr16, Lr47, Lr19, Lr41, Lr21, Lr25 and Lr29, with adult plant resistance genes like Lr34, SV2, Lr46 will probably provide durable and effective resistance to leaf rust in the region.