The Neotropical Lincus Stål, 1867 includes 35 species, thirteen of which are known only from females. Several species are vectors of Phytomonas staheli McGhee & McGhee, 1979, a trypanosomatid parasitic in palm-trees in South America that causes hart-rot, sudden and slow wilt diseases. The hitherto unknown males of L. singularis Rolston, 1983 ("swollen head" species group found in the oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), and L. incisus Rolston, 1983 ("hatchet-lobed" species group; found in the coconut tree Cocos nucifera L.), are described with emphasis on the morphology of the genitalia, and taxonomic remarks are provided. Males of L. singularis can be distinguished from other species included in "swollen head" group by their pronotal lobes with anterior and posterior margins subparallel and projected laterally from the eye margin, while males of L. incisus can be distinguished from the species of the "swollen head" group by an obtuse projection with a deepest incision and several additional diagnostic characters of the genitalia.

One hundred and forty specimens of Neotropical pentatomids of the Spinola collection were examined and identified and are listed in the present work. Lectotypes are designated for Arvelius gladiator Spinola, 1837; Arvelius laciniatus Spinola, 1837; Audinetella bipunctata Spinola, 1850; Ochlerus cinctus Spinola, 1837; Pentatoma albocostatum Spinola, 1852; Pentatoma dimidiaticollis (Spinola, 1852); Pentatoma unidentatum Spinola, 1852; Schaefferella litigiosa Spinola, 1850, Sympiezorhincus tristis Spinola, 1837; and Thoreyella brasiliensis Spinola, 1850. A lectotype is also designated for Chlorocoris tau, putting aside the previous Neotype designation. The preservation status of each specimen is provided.

A composição e a variação sazonal da fauna de Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera) foi avaliada entre setembro de 2005 e agosto de 2006 em três fragmentos de Mata Atlântica na região sul de Santa Catarina (Brasil): Parque Ecológico José Milanese (Criciúma, 28º41'23''S, 49º25'55''W), Parque Ecológico de Maracajá (Maracajá, 28º52'51''S, 49º27'59''W) e Balneário Morro dos Conventos (Araranguá, 28º56'05''S, 49º21'47''W). Foram realizadas coletas mensais ao longo de trilhas nas três áreas, utilizando guarda-chuva entomológico e rede de varredura para amostrar nas bordas de mata. Para um esforço amostral de 108 horas foram coletados 595 indivíduos, distribuídos em 4 famílias, 29 gêneros e 49 espécies. Pentatomidae foi a família mais abundante (82,69%) seguida de Cydnidae (15,97%), Scutelleridae (0,84%) e Tessaratomidae (0,50%). Pentatomidae também apresentou a maior riqueza com 37 espécies. As espécies mais abundantes foram Mormidea notulifera Stål, 1860, Oebalus ypsilongriseus (De Geer, 1773), Arvelius albopunctatus (De Geer, 1773), Edessa subrastrata Bergroth, 1891, Galgupha schulzii (Fabricius, 1781) e Agroecus scabricornis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1844). O período de maior captura foi entre o final da primavera e início do outono, representando 71,76% do total coletado. O Parque do Maracajá apresentou abundância e riqueza sgnificativamente maiores do que as demais áreas. Este estudo representa o primeiro inventário da diversidade de Pentatomoidea em habitats naturais no estado de Santa Catarina.

The composition and the seasonal variation of Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera) were evaluated between September 2005 and August 2006 in three fragments of Atlantic Forest in the southern region of the State of Santa Catarina (Brazil): Parque Ecológico José Milanese (Criciúma, 28º41'23''S, 49º25'55''W), Parque Ecológico de Maracajá (Maracajá, 28º52'51''S, 49º27'59''W) and Balneário Morro dos Conventos (Araranguá, 28º56'05''S, 49º21'47''W). Monthly sampling had been carried out in the three areas, using beating tray and sweeping nets to sample forest edge vegetation. After an effort of 108 hours, 595 individuals of 4 families, 29 genera and 49 species. were collected. Pentatomidae was the most abundant family (82.69%), followed by Cydnidae (15.97%), Scutelleridae (0.84%) and Tessaratomidae (0.50%). Pentatomidae also presented the greatest richness with 37 species. The most abundant species were Mormidea notulifera Stål, 1860, Oebalus ypsilongriseus (De Geer, 1773), Arvelius albopunctatus (De Geer, 1773), Edessa subrastrata Bergroth, 1891, Galgupha schulzii (Fabricius, 1781) and Agroecus scabricornis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1844). More individuals were captured between the end of the spring and the beginning of autumn, representing 71.76% of the total collected. Parque do Maracajá presented significantly higher abundance and richness. This study portrays the first inventory of the diversity of Pentatomoidea in natural habitats in the State of Santa Catarina.

Arvelius albopunctatus (De Geer) é amplamente distribuída na região Neotropical, sendo uma importante praga de Solanaceae. Foram descritas variações na coloração das ninfas para essa e outras espécies de pentatomídeos e seu conhecimento é essencial para a identificação precoce. Foram coletadas ninfas e adultos de A. albopunctatus em fragmentos florestais em Criciúma, Içara, Maracajá e Araranguá, SC, de dezembro de 2005 a julho de 2006. Foram observadas as formas de coloração conhecidas das ninfas de 4º e 5º ínstares, bem como três tipos novos, aqui descritos e denominados forma vermelha (4º e 5º ínstares), forma verde (4º e 5º ínstares) e forma laranja (5º ínstar).

Arvelius albopunctatus (De Geer) is widely distributed in the Neotropical region, being an important pest of Solanaceae. Color variation of nymphs was described for this and other pentatomid species and their knowledge is essential for an early identification. From December 2005 to July 2006 nymphs and adults of A. albopunctatus were collected in forest fragments in Criciúma, Içara, Maracajá and Araranguá (SC, Brazil). Known morphs of nymphs of both 4th and 5th instars were observed, as well as three new morphs, here described and named red morph (4th and 5th instars), green morph (4th and 5th instars) and orange morph (5th instar).

São descritos e ilustrados os estágios imaturos de Euschistus hansi Grazia, 1987, com ênfase nos caracteres morfológicos externos do ovo e dos cinco instares. Adultos e ninfas foram alimentados com ramos frescos e frutos maduros de "ligustro", Ligustrum lucidum Ait. (Oleaceae). As ninfas de E. hansi são comparadas com os imaturos já descritos de outras espécies neotropicais de Euschistus Dallas, 1851: E. heros (Fabricius, 1798), E. sulcacitus Rolston, 1971 e E. bifibulus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805). Dados biológicos também são fornecidos.

The immature stages of Euschistus hansi Grazia, 1987 are described and illustrated, with emphasis on the external morphological characters of the egg and five instars. Adults and nymphs were fed on fresh branches and ripe fruits of "ligustro", Ligustrum lucidum Ait. (Oleaceae). Nymphs of E. hansi are compared to previously described immatures of other Neotropical species of Euschistus Dallas, 1851: E. heros (Fabricius, 1798), E. sulcacitus Rolston, 1971 and E. bifibulus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805). Biological data are also provided.

Neste trabalho foi realizada uma análise cladística, utilizando 63 caracteres, dos 30 gêneros da tribo Neotropical Ochlerini Rolston, no intuito de testar seu monofiletismo e estabelecer uma hipótese de parentesco. Janeirona Distant, 1911 (Pentatomini) e as tribos Discocephalini e Halyini foram incluídas no grupo-interno para testar seu relacionamento com Ochlerini; Marghita Ruckes, 1964 e Stictochilus Bergroth, 1918 (Pentatomini) foram utilizados como grupos-externos. Os cladogramas de consenso estrito obtidos indicam que Ochlerini e Discocephalinae são grupos monofiléticos, mas Pentatominae, Halyini+Ochlerini, Pentatomini+Ochlerini, Ochlerus Spinola, 1837, Stalius Rolston, 1992 e Alitocoris Sailer, 1950 são grupos merofiléticos. Discocephalini e Ochlerini compartilham três sinapomorfias: primeiro segmento do rostro longo, alcançando o prosterno; metasterno carenado longitudinalmente; e superfície dorsal do segmento X do macho membranosa no terço basal. Ochlerini é sustentada por uma sinapomorfia, a superfície dorsal do terceiro artículo metatarsal das fêmeas aplainada. Uma análise biogeográfica a partir dos cladogramas de consenso mostrou padrões congruentes com eventos vicariantes propostos para a região Neotropical.

A cladistic analysis using 63 characters and 30 genera of the Neotropical tribe Ochlerini Rolston was performed to test their monophyletic condition and to establish a relationship hypothesis. Janeirona Distant, 1911 (Pentatomini) and the tribes Discocephalini and Halyini were included in the ingroup to test their relationship with Ochlerini; Marghita Ruckes, 1964 and Stictochilus Bergroth, 1918 (Pentatomini) were used as outgroups. The obtained strict consensus cladograms indicate that Ochlerini and Discocephalinae are monophyletic groups, but Pentatominae, Halyini+Ochlerini, Pentatomini+Ochlerini, Ochlerus Spinola, 1837, Stalius Rolston, 1992 and Alitocoris Sailer, 1950 are merophyletic groups. Discocephalini and Ochlerini share three synapomorphies: first rostral segment long, attaining prosternum; metasternum with a mesial, longitudinal carina, and dorsal surface of basal third of male proctiger membranous. Ochlerini is supported by one synapomorphy, the flattened dorsal surface of third tarsal segment of hind legs, in females. Biogeographical analysis based on consensus cladograms shows congruent patterns with several vicariant events proposed for the Neotropical region.

Two new species of the Neotropical genus Pseudevoplitus Ruckes,1958 are described, P. amazonicus Grazia & Greve, sp. nov. and P. roraimensis Grazia & Greve, sp. nov. both from the Brazilian Amazonia, with emphasis on genital characters. Additions to the generic description and a new key to the species are presented.

The new monotypic genus Ocellatocoris and its type species Ocellatocorisdasys, sp. nov. are described from Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Cinco espécies são reconhecidas para o gênero Cataulax Spinola, 1837: Cataulax eximius (Stål, 1860), Cataulax froeschneri, sp. n., Cataulax pudens (Distant, 1889), Cataulax radians, sp. n. e Cataulax subtiliterconspersus sp. n. Cataulax pudens é transferida de Architas Distant, 1889, aqui considerado sinônimo júnior de Cataulax. Cataulax annulicornis Walker, 1868, Cataulax punctipes Walker, 1868 e Cataulax subvittatus Walker, 1868 são consideradas incertae sedis.

Five species are here recognized for the genus Cataulax Spinola, 1837: Cataulax eximius (Stål, 1860), Cataulax froeschneri, n. sp., Cataulax pudens (Distant 1889), Cataulax radians, n. sp. and Cataulax subtiliterconspersus, n. sp. Cataulax pudens is transferred from Architas Distant, 1889, here considered a junior synonym of Cataulax. Cataulax annulicornis Walker, 1868, Cataulax punctipes Walker, 1868 and Cataulax subvittatus Walker, 1868 are considered incertae sedis.