Abstract Objective: To evaluate the application of the Antimicrobial (ATM) treatment time reduction strategy in Intensive Care Units (ICU) in an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP). Method: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out in two ICU of a university hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil, from January/2017 to January/2019. Adult patients were included, accompanied by a pharmacist, and using ATM, in which the treatment time reduction strategy was applied. The evaluation of the strategy was made through the difference between the predicted time established at the beginning of the treatment and the effective days of use of each ATM. Results: Of the 100 patients included, 51.0 % were male and 64.0 % were elderly. The respiratory system was the most frequently affected by the infections (37.4 %) and the most prevalent classes of ATM were carbapenems (23.0 %) and glycopeptides (20.1 %). There was a decrease from 831 unnecessary days of antimicrobial therapy and from an average of 13.7 to 8.9 days of treatment. The greatest reductions in days were observed for meropenem, with 202 days reduced. The study also allowed the identification of associations between the reduction > 8 days of treatment and the variables length of stay > 22 days and patients in exclusive palliative care, and associations between hospital discharge and reductions of up to 7 days of therapy. Conclusions: The data obtained suggest that the presence of an ASP influences the practices of ATM use and its treatment time and emphasize the role of pharmaceutical professionals in these programs.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la aplicación de la estrategia reducción del tiempo de tratamiento Antimicrobiano (ATM) en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) en un Programa Stewardship de Antimicrobiano (ASP). Método: Este es un estudio descriptivo y transversal, realizado en dos UCI de un hospital universitario de Fortaleza, Brasil, de enero/2017 a enero/2019. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos, acompañados por un farmacéutico y utilizando ATM, en los que se aplicó la estrategia de reducción del tiempo de tratamiento. La evaluación de la estrategia se realizó a través de la diferencia entre el tiempo previsto establecido al inicio del tratamiento y los días efectivos de uso de cada ATM. Resultados: De los 100 pacientes incluidos, 51,0 % eran del sexo masculino y 64,0 % ancianos. El sistema respiratorio fue el más frecuentemente afectado (37,4 %) y las clases de ATM más prevalentes fueron los carbapenémicos (23,0 %) y los glicopéptidos (20,1 %). Hubo una disminución de 831 días innecesarios de terapia antimicrobiana y de un promedio de 13,7 a 8,9 días de tratamiento. Las mayores reducciones en días se observaron para meropenem, con 202 días reducidos. El estudio también permitió identificar asociaciones entre la reducción > 8 días de tratamiento y las variables estancia > 22 días y pacientes en cuidados paliativos exclusivos; y asociaciones entre alta hospitalaria y reducciones de hasta 7 días de terapia. Conclusiones: Los datos obtenidos sugieren que la presencia de un ASP influye en las prácticas de uso de ATM y su tiempo de tratamiento y enfatizan el papel de los profesionales farmacéuticos en estos programas.

Abstract Two different reactive concentrated magnesium hydroxide (HM) pulps, produced in a lab reactor mill, and a synthetic and non-reactive HM-pulp, for comparative analyses, have been prepared and studied. Sodium polyacrylate was selected as a dispersant for improving the HM pulp fluidity, with concentrations varying from 0.42% to 2.0% on a dry basis. The two reactive pulps differed from each other mainly by the impurity level and for both, a residual MgO amount was detected, implying that the hydration reaction could proceed. Results (with and without dispersant) confirmed the formation of particle clusters as HM concentration rose until a critical value, above which the pulp behaved as a solid. Reactive HM-pulps with high impurities may represent a limiting factor in the drying operation. Among all HM-pulps studied, the purest reactive pulp with 1% dispersant presented the best flow behavior making this reactive pulp the most suitable to be tested in a pilot spray dryer.

Abstract This study aimed to develop and evaluate bread with the use of pulp and flours of pequi, in partial replacement of water and wheat flour, to develop a bakery product with good technological, nutritional and sensorial qualities. The pequi husk and pulp flours were obtained by means of a thermal pre-treatment, oven drying and standardization of the dry material. Whereas, the bread formulation was defined through the baker’s formulation. Besides, the dehydration process caused significant changes (p<0.05) in the L* value and chromaticity (C*), mainly of the flours (husk and pequi pulp), such changes are due to non-enzymatic oxidative processes and pigment degradation, especially carotenoids. The effect of the substitution of ingredients (wheat flour and water) by husk and pulp flours and pequi pulp contributed to the increase in lipid, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract and energy value content. However, the substitution promoted changes in the attributes of color and textural properties, such as increased hardness, chewiness and cohesiveness. Nevertheless, all formulations showed good sensory acceptance and thus, pequi sweet breads can be implemented in school meals for contributing and meeting the nutritional recommendations established by the School Feeding Brazilian Program (PNAE).

Resumo Através deste artigo pretende-se revelar as imbricações entre certeza na matemática e o desenvolvimento de uma visão crítica. Para isso, utilizamos o conceito de ideologia da certeza, que pode ser compreendido como uma tendência de considerar a matemática sempre certa, sendo a declaração final de argumentos e aplicável em todas as circunstâncias, sem exceção. Adicionalmente, para descrever a postura crítica dos alunos, utilizamos o conhecimento reflexivo. Esta análise qualitativa se respaldou no aprimoramento dos passos sugeridos por Ole Skovsmose para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento reflexivo. As atividades de modelagem matemática tiveram temáticas de interesse dos alunos e foram realizadas em grupos. Constatamos que o conhecimento reflexivo tende a melhorar após a produção de um primeiro modelo e que o desenvolvimento desse conhecimento está diretamente associado à desestabilização da ideologia da certeza. Por outro lado, muitos alunos apresentaram dificuldade em se aprofundar no conhecimento reflexivo e ter, consequentemente, um distanciamento maior da ideologia da certeza. Assim, percebemos que é necessário que um auxílio seja dado aos estudantes para que eles possam aprimorar o conhecimento reflexivo e contrapor-se à ideologia da certeza. pretendese pretende isso certa circunstâncias exceção Adicionalmente grupos lado ter consequentemente Assim contraporse contrapor

Abstract This article intends to reveal the overlap between certainty in mathematics and the development of a critical view. For this, we use the ideology of certainty concept, which can be understood as a tendency to consider mathematics always right, being the final statement of arguments and applicable in all circumstances, without exception. Additionally, to describe the students’ critical posture, we used reflective knowledge. This qualitative analysis was based on the improvement of the steps suggested by Ole Skovsmose for the development of reflective knowledge. The mathematical modeling activities had topics of interest to the students and were carried out in groups. We found that reflective knowledge tends to improve after the production of a first model and that the development of this knowledge is directly associated with the destabilization of the ideology of certainty. On the other hand, many students found it difficult to delve deeper into reflective knowledge and, consequently, have a greater distance from the ideology of certainty. Thus, we realize that it is necessary that assistance be given to students so that they can improve reflective knowledge and counter the ideology of certainty. view concept right circumstances exception Additionally posture groups hand consequently Thus

RESUMO - Os nematoides parasitas de plantas causam sérios prejuízos agrícolas no Nordeste brasileiro. Adicionalmente, a salinização do solo, especialmente na região semiárida do Nordeste é outro fator que limita a produtividade das culturas. Avaliou-se nesse estudo, a motilidade de Meloidogyne enterolobii e Pratylenchus coffeae, e, a migração vertical de P. coffeae em um Argissolo Amarelo sob condições salinas. A motilidade foi avaliada pela submissão de juvenis do segundo estádio de M. enterolobii e juvenis e adultos de P. coffeae em soluções salinas de NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 nas concentrações de 0,00, 0,25, 0,50, 0,75 e 1,00 M, e em solução mista (combinação entre os três sais na proporção 7:2:1) aos 2, 4, 6 e 8 dias de exposição. A migração de P. coffeae foi estudada em colunas segmentadas de 10 cm de comprimento e 4,40 cm de diâmetro interno, preenchidas com solo salino (mistura de NaCl, CaCl2 e MgCl2) e não salino cujas avaliações foram realizadas aos 2, 4 e 6 dias após a infestação do solo. A motilidade e quantidade de juvenis ativos de ambos nematoides reduziu com o aumento da concentração salina. A partir de 0,50 M não foi observada atividade de M. enterolobii em nenhum dos períodos de exposição a NaCl e CaCl2. O aumento das concentrações de NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 reduziu exponencialmente o número de P. coffeae ativos, sessando sua atividade a partir de 0,75 M. A migração vertical de P. coffeae no solo foi negativamente afetada pela salinidade, apresentando distribuição mais uniforme no solo não salino.

ABSTRACT Plant parasitic nematodes cause severe agricultural damage in Northeast Brazil. Additionally, soil salinization, especially in the semiarid region of the Northeast, is another factor that limits crop yield. The study evaluated the motility of Meloidogyne enterolobii and Pratylenchus coffeae, and the vertical migration of P. coffeae under saline conditions. Motility was assessed by submitting juveniles of the second stage of M. enterolobii and juveniles and adults of P. coffeae to saline solutions of NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 at concentrations of 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 M, and in a mixed solution (combination of the three salts in a 7:2:1 ratio) at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days of exposure. The migration of P. coffeae was studied in segmented columns of 10 cm in length and 4.40 cm in internal diameter, filled with saline soil (mixture of NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2) and non-saline, whose evaluations were carried out at 2, 4, and 6 days after soil infestation. The motility and number of active juveniles of both nematodes reduced with increasing saline concentration. From 0.50 M, M. enterolobii activity was not observed in any of the exposure periods to NaCl and CaCl2. The increase in the concentrations of NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2 exponentially reduced the number of active P. coffeae, decreasing its activity from 0.75 M. The vertical migration of P. coffeae in the soil was negatively affected by salinity, presenting a more uniform distribution in the non-saline soil.

RESUMEN Zephyranhtes citrina es una planta bulbosa americana, ornamental, utilizada en jardines por las cualidades estéticas de su perigonio amarillo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar citogenéticamente la especie con tinción clásica convencional y bandeo cromosómico. Se observó un número cromosómico esporofítico de 2n=8x=48, siendo la fórmula cariotípica 20 m + 26 sm + 2st. Se detectaron satélites en el brazo corto de los cromosomas metacéntricos 8, 9, 11 y 12, que co-localizaron con bandas de heterocromatina constitutiva CMA+/DAPI-. El cariotipo comprendió pares de cromosomas con bandas de heterocromatina constitutivas terminales que incluyeron satélites y grupos heteromórficos que indican que es un alooctoploide. Estos resultados serán usados como herramientas en el monitoreo del mejoramiento genético, en análisis de cruzamientos interespecíficos y progenies y en procedimientos biotecnológicos de cultivo in vitro.

ABSTRACT Zephyranthes citrina is an ornamental American bulbous plant used as an ornamental garden crop for the aesthetic qualities of its yellow perigonium. The objective of this work was to characterize the species by classical chromosome staining and fluorochrome banding. A sporophytic chromosome number of 2n=8x=48 chromosomes was observed, being the karyotypic formula 20 m + 26 sm + 2 st. Satellites were detected in the short arm of metacentric chromosomes 8, 9, 11 and 12, which colocalized with constitutive heterochromatin CMA+/DAPI-/0 bands. The karyotype comprised chromosome pairs with terminal constitutive heterochromatin bands that included satellites and heteromorphic clusters indicating that it is an allooctoploid. These results will be used as a tool for monitoring genetic improvement, in interspecific crosses and its progenies and in biotechnological procedures by in vitro culture.

SUMMARY: Introduction: Elephantiasis Verrucosa Nostra is a rare deforming dermatologic condition associated with chronic lymphedema. It is characterized by edema of the affected area with progressive woody fibrosis of the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue, hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, and papillomatous and verrucous lesions that give the skin a cobblestone appearance. Case presentation: The patient, in addition to suffering from elephantitisis verrucosa nostra on both limbs, also suffered from dipteran larvae colonisation, pressure ulcers on both heels and aexceptionally deteriorated health condition.A Nursing Care Plan (PAE) was carried out, Assessing the patient according to Virginia Henderson's 14 Basic Human Needs, followed by a diagnostic phase according to the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), carrying out a planning of objectives based on the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) and accomplishing a series of interventions with specific activities based on the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), getting a constant evaluation of thepatient's evolution. In order to appreciate the PAE's evolution focusing on the same NANDA diagnosis, “Deterioration of Skin Integrity”, throughout the entire hospital process and how thedisease's treatment with 20% trichloroacetic acid (TCA 20%) improved the condition of the skin. Conclusions: Treatment with 20% trichloroacetic acid has been effective against elephantiasis verrucosa nostra, reducing hyperkeratosis to an acceptably healthy skin. The monitoring of the nursing care plan throughout the entire process guarantees the necessary care for the correct recovery of the patient.

RESUMEN Introducción: La elefantiasis verrucosa nostra es una afección dermatológica deformante poco frecuente asociada al linfedema crónico. Se caracteriza por presentar edema de la parte afectada con fibrosis progresiva de aspecto leñoso de la dermis y el tejido subcutáneo, hiperqueratosis de la epidermis y lesiones papilomatosas y verrucosas que dan una apariencia de empedrado a la piel. Presentación del caso: La paciente, además de sufrir elefantisis verrucosa nostra en ambas extremidades, también sufría colonización por larvas de díptero, úlceras por presión en ambos talones y un estado general de salud muy deteriorado. Se realizó un plan de atención de enfermería (PAE), valorando a la paciente según las 14 Necesidades Básicas Humanas de Virginia Henderson, seguida de una fase diagnóstica según la North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) realizando una planificación de objetivos basándonos en la Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) y llevando a cabo una serie de intervenciones con actividades específicas apoyándonos en la Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), realizando una evaluación constante de la evolución de la paciente.Para apreciar la evolución del PAE focalizando en un mismo diagnóstico NANDA, “Deterioro de la integridad cutánea”, a lo largo de todo el proceso hospitalario de la paciente y como el tratamiento de la afección con ácido tricloracético al 20% (TCA 20%) mejoró el estado de la piel. Conclusiones: El tratamiento con ácido tricloroacético al 20% ha resultado efectivo frente a la elefantisis verrucosa nostra, reduciendo la hiperqueratosis hasta obtener una piel aceptablemente sana. El seguimiento del plan de atención a enfermería a lo largo del todo el proceso garantiza los cuidados necesarios para una correcta recuperación del paciente.

ABSTRACT: We developed a mid infrared (MIR) solar telescope, centered at 10µm. Various optical layouts were analyzed based on computer simulations and a Ritchey-Chretien 6-inches telescope was selected with a plate scale of 2.5′′/mm using a pyroelectric 4 × 16 pixels detector. The angular resolution is 36′′/pixel with a field of view of 9.6′ × 2.4′. Two germanium filters are used, one at the aperture of the telescope and another near its focal plane. The detector was characterized with a laboratory black-body. The count values follow a linear relation with the black-body temperature. The control systems for both the telescope and the detector were developed. Proper mechanical supports were designed for the filters, detector and electronics. The system has been integrated and a user interface was developed. Preliminary observations have been made giving a signal-to-noise ratio of ≈ 1000.

RESUMEN: Desarrollamos un telescopio solar en el infrarrojo medio (MIR), centrado en 10µm. Estudiamos varios diseños ópticos, con base en simulaciones de computadora y seleccionamos un telescopio Ritchey-Chretien de 6 pulgadas con escala de placa de 2.5′′/mm, con un detector piroeléctrico de 4 × 16 pixeles. La resolución angular es de 36′′/pixel con un campo de visión de 9.6′ × 2.4′. Se usan dos filtros de germanio, uno en la apertura del telescopio y otro cerca del plano focal. El detector se caracterizó con un cuerpo negro de laboratorio. Los valores, en cuentas, siguen una relación lineal con la temperatura del cuerpo negro. Se hicieron los sistemas de control del telescopio y del detector. Se diseñaron soportes mecánicos para los filtros, el detector y la electrónica. El sistema se integró y se hizo una interfaz para el usuario. Las observaciones preliminares muestran que se obtiene una relación señal a ruido de ≈ 1000.

Abstract BACKGROUND: In 63% of the patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction, there is a so-called “aberrant” vessel that crosses in front of the ureter, reducing its lumen. These vessels are anatomic variants of vessels arising from the abdominal aorta and the renal artery. CLINICAL CASE: A 26-year-old woman had a past history of high blood pressure of one-year progression, pain in the right renal fossa, and recurrent urinary infections. A computed tomography urogram identified right hydronephrosis and an aberrant vessel at the level of the ureteropelvic junction on the right side. A kidney scintigram with a diuretic revealed an obstructive curve in the right kidney unit. Robotic-assisted dismembered ureteropyeloplasty was performed with no complications, using the da Vinci® Surgical System. Surgery duration was 110 min. The patient was released from the hospital on the second postoperative day. The double-J catheter was removed after six weeks and a repeat scintigram was carried out one month after catheter removal. CONCLUSION: Robotic-assisted ureteropyeloplasty is a safe and effective minimally invasive method for correcting ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: en 63% de los pacientes con estenosis de la unión ureteropiélica existe un vaso polar inferior, que siempre se ha considerado “aberrante”, y como cruza por delante del uréter reduce su luz. Estos vasos representan variantes anatómicas de vasos provenientes de la aorta abdominal y la misma arteria renal. CASO CLÍNICO: paciente femenina de 26 años de edad, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial de un año de evolución, dolor en la fosa renal derecha e infección urinaria recurrente. En la urotomografía se evidenció, siempre en el lado derecho: hidronefrosis y vaso aberrante en torno a la unión ureteropiélica, curva obstructiva en la unidad renal, postgamagrama renal con diurético. Con el sistema quirúrgico Da Vinci® se realizó una plastia ureteropiélica desmembrada, sin complicaciones. El tiempo quirúrgico fue de 110 minutos. La paciente fue dada de alta del hospital al segundo día. El catéter JJ se retiró a las seis semanas y se realizó nuevo gamagrama un mes después del retiro del catéter. CONCLUSIÓN: la pieloplastia asistida por robot es un método mínimamente invasivo, seguro y efectivo para corregir la estenosis ureteropiélica.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite international recommendations, there is a lack of standardization in the reporting of surgical margins. OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of positive margins that should be reported following radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, descriptive, crosssectional, and retrospective study was conducted. The medical records of patients with prostate cancer that underwent robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy within the time frame of May 2015 and May 2016 were reviewed. The variables of tumor stage, Gleason score, prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific antigen density, biochemical recurrence, and the need for postoperative radiotherapy were described. RESULTS: Fifty-two medical records were obtained. Three patients (5.7%) had positive surgical margins and the most common location was the apex, with a mean extension of 2.6 mm. Sixty percent of those cases had a Gleason score of 7 (3+4) and pT2bR1 stage disease. Two patients received adjuvant radiotherapy and one patient underwent salvage radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of the histopathologic features of positive surgical margins after prostatectomy can be clinically significant. Results in regard to the importance of these variables are controversial, most likely related to the lack of uniformity among pathology reports.

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: el reporte de los márgenes quirúrgicos carece de estandarización, a pesar de las recomendaciones internacionales. OBJETIVO: describir las características de los márgenes positivos que deben reportarse después de la prostatectomía radical. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo. Se revisaron los expedientes de pacientes con cáncer de próstata atendidos en el Departamento de Urología del Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre a quienes se realizó prostatectomía radical asistida por robot entre los meses de mayo de 2015 y mayo de 2016. Se describen las variables de: estadio tumoral, puntaje de Gleason, volumen prostático, antígeno prostático, densidad del antígeno, recurrencia bioquímica y necesidad de radioterapia posoperatoria. RESULTADOS: de 52 registros, 3 pacientes (5.7%) tuvieron márgenes quirúrgicos positivos. El 60% reportó Gleason de 7 (3+4) y pT2bR1. La zona de mayor localización fue el ápex, con una media de extensión de 2.6 mm. Dos pacientes recibieron radioterapia adyuvante y a otro más se ofreció radioterapia de rescate. CONCLUSIONES: la evaluación de las variables histopatológicas de los márgenes quirúrgicos positivos postprostatectomía puede ser de trascendencia clínica. Existen resultados controvertidos respecto de tal trascendencia, quizá relacionada con la falta de uniformidad en el reporte de patología.

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como escopo investigar como a velhice é vivenciada, de forma "gendrada", por homens e mulheres em uma instituição geriátrica e sua relação com a saúde mental. Foram realizadas 18 entrevistas, baseadas em um questionário semi-estruturado (9 com homens, 9 com mulheres). A análise das falas mostrou como as relações de gênero alicerçam as vivências das idosas e dos idosos institucionalizados, implicando em importantes diferenças e especificidades de sofrimento psíquico. Os resultados sugerem a importância de se levar em consideração os valores de gênero na formulação de políticas públicas de saúde mental para essa população.

ABSTRACT The scope of the present study is to investigate how aging is experienced in a gendered way, by men and women in a nursing home and its relation to mental health. 18 interviews, using a semi-structured questionnaire (9 with men, 9 with women) were performed. The analysis of the speeches showed how gender relations underpin the experiences of the institutionalized elderly (women and men), implying important differences and specificities of psychological distress. The results suggest the importance of taking into account the values of gender in the formulation of public policies on mental health for this population.

Objetivo : Comparar neonatos prematuros e a termo quanto à presença e amplitude das Emissões Otoacústicas Produto de Distorção (EOAPD), bem como caracterizá-los em relação aos indicadores de risco para perda auditiva. Métodos : Estudo realizado por análise das EOAPD (frequências de 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000 e 8000 Hz) e dos indicadores de risco para perda auditiva. Os neonatos foram agrupados segundo a idade gestacional. Os resultados foram analisados empregando-se testes ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis e Qui-quadrado (5%). Resultados : A amostra constituiu-se de 109 neonatos (218 orelhas), com distribuição homogênea quanto ao gênero e a classificação a termo/pré-termo. Foi observado alto risco para perda auditiva em 40,4% dos lactentes. Dos indicadores de risco para deficiência auditiva, os mais frequentes foram a permanência em incubadora e internação em UTI superiores a cinco dias. As EOAPD mostraram-se presentes em 209 orelhas (95,9%). A ausência de respostas às EOAPD foi significativamente mais recorrente nos grupos com menor idade gestacional. Verificou-se aumento das amplitudes das EOAPD de acordo com o aumento da idade gestacional, exceto para a frequência de 8000 Hz na orelha esquerda. Não foi observada diferença entre orelhas e gêneros quanto à presença e amplitude das EOAPD. Conclusão : Há diferença entre os grupos pré-termo e a termo, quanto à presença e amplitude das EOAPD: maior probabilidade de falha nos grupos com menor idade gestacional e aumento (não linear) das amplitudes, conforme a idade gestacional torna-se maior. Os achados sugerem o fenômeno de maturação do sistema auditivo periférico.

Purpose : To compare preterm and term neonates in relation to the presence and amplitude of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs), as well as to characterize them regarding risk indicators for hearing loss. Methods : Study realized by the analysis of the DPOAEs (frequencies of 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 Hz) and risk indicators for hearing loss. The neonates were grouped according to the gestational age. The results were analyzed by ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests (5%). Results : The sample consisted of 109 neonates (218 ears) in homogenous distribution related to gender and preterm/term classification. A high risk for hearing loss was observed in 40.4% of the infants. From the risk indicators for hearing loss, the most common were the duration of the stay in incubators and intensive care units (ICU) longer than five days. The DPOAEs were present in 209 ears (95.9%). The absence of responses to DPOEAs was significantly more frequent in groups with lower gestational age. It was observed an increase of the amplitudes of the DPOEAs with the increase of the gestational age, except for the frequency of 8000 Hz in the left ear. There were no differences between ears and genders regarding the presence and amplitude of the DPOAEs. Conclusion : There are differences between preterm and term groups in relation to the presence and amplitude of the DPOAEs: higher probability of failure in the groups with lower gestational age and (nonlinear) increase of the amplitudes with the increase of the gestational age. The findings suggest the phenomenon of maturation of the peripheral auditory system.

The diversity existing in the scientific literature information sources and the lack of available time to consult them, have encouraged the authors of this paper to carry out a review of the scientific literature published in year 2011 regarding Oral Implantology. Thus, we classified the articles into different categories (sinus lift, guided surgery and minimally invasive surgery, guided bone regeneration, zygomatic implants and growing factors), then a more comprehensive updating can be made.

La gran diversidad de fuentes de información que nos proporciona la literatura científica junto al escaso tiempo de que disponen los profesionales de la Odontología para consultarlas, ha motivado a los autores a efectuar una revisión de la literatura científica publicada a lo largo del año 2011 en el campo de la Implantología Bucofacial. Con este fin se han agrupado los diferentes artículos indexados consultados en distintos apartados (elevación del seno maxilar, cirugía guiada y cirugía mínimamente invasiva, regeneración ósea guiada, implantes cigomáticos y factores de crecimiento), con el fin de facilitar una buena puesta al día.

We present three cases of dermatitis of the diaper area of rare occurrence, papulo-erosive erythema of Sevestre-Jacquet and granuloma gluteale infantum, which together with the perianal pseudo-verrucous papules and nodules, are very rare morphological varieties of clinical manifestation of this common entity. These pathological presentations are considered as part of a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations of irritative dermatitis in the diaper area.

Presentamos tres casos de dermatitis irritativa de la zona del pañal de aparición poco común, el eritema pápulo-erosivo de Sevestre-Jacquet y el granuloma glúteo infantil, que junto con la erupción pápulo-nodular pseudo-verrucosa perianal, son raras variedades morfológicas de esta frecuente entidad. Se consideran presentaciones patológicas de la dermatitis irritativa del área del pañal, con un amplio espectro de manifestaciones clínicas.

The diversity existing in the multiple scientific literature information sources and the lack of available time to consult them, have encouraged the authors of this paper to carry out a review of the scientific literature published in year 2011 regarding Oral Implantology. Thus, we classified the articles into different categories (generalities, tatreatment planning, special patients, surfaces and design, immediate implants, immediate loading, periimplantitis and complications), so a more comprehensive updating can be made.

La gran diversidad de fuentes de información que nos proporciona la literatura científica junto al escaso tiempo de que disponen los profesionales de la Odontología para consultarlas, ha motivado a los autores de este artículo a efectuar una revisión de la literatura científica publicada a lo largo del año 2011 en el campo de la Implantología Bucofacial. Con este fin se han agrupado los diferentes artículos consultados de revistas indexadas, en distintos apartados (generalidades, plan de tratamiento, pacientes especiales, superficies y diseño de los implantes, implantes inmediatos, carga inmediata, periimplantitis y complicaciones), con el fin de facilitar una buena puesta al día.