Abstract Prochilodus lineatus has been considered an ecosystem engineer in the Neotropics given its influence on important ecosystem processes, and it is therefore relevant to understand their inter-specific relationships. The association of P. lineatus with parasitic helminths was studied in two isolated shallow lakes of the alluvial plain of the Middle Paraná River. Only two species of gastrointestinal nematodes were found: Spinitectus asperus (Cystidicolidae) and Klossinemella iheringi (Atractidae), with S. asperus having higher prevalence and mean intensity values. This is the first record of K. iheringi in the Middle Paraná River, Argentina, as well as the southernmost citation of S. asperus.

Resumen Antecedentes: la Lernaea cyprinacea fue introducida en América del Sur a través de los ciprínidos, no habiendo siendo previamente registrada en la provincia de Santa Fe (Argentina). Objetivo: reportar la presencia de Lernaea cyprinacea en Rhamdia quelen en condiciones de acuicultivo. Método: en mayo de 2014, se obtuvieron ejemplares de L. cyprinacea, parasitando aletas y flancos de R. quelen en el laboratorio de Cronobiología de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, en Esperanza (Santa Fe, Argentina), donde fueron colectados e identificados. Resultados: se brinda una descripción de L. cyprinacea y se detallan antecedentes del ectoparasito en ésta y otras regiones. Conclusiones: la presencia de este parásito constituye evidencia de introducción de una especie exótica mediante la comercialización de sus hospedadores naturales y de la potencial colonización por patógenos introducidos en ambientes naturales, lo cual amenaza la integridad de estos ecosistemas.

Abstract Background: Lernaea cyprinacea was introduced in South America with cyprinids. To the best of our knowledge, this ectoparasite has not been reported in Santa Fe province (Argentina). Objective: To report Lernaea cyprinacea presence in Rhamdia quelen under hatchery conditions in Santa Fe province (Argentina). Methods: In May 2014, samples of L. cyprinacea attached to the fins and flanks of R. quelen were obtained in the Chronobiology Laboratory of the Veterinary Sciences School at Esperanza (Santa Fe, Argentina) where they were collected and identified. Results: A description of L. cyprinacea is presented along with detailed records previously reported in this and other regions. Conclusions: Presence of this parasite constitutes evidence of the introduction of exotic species through commercialization of their natural hosts and the potential pathogen colonization of natural environments, which constitutes a threat to the integrity of aquatic ecosystems.

Resumo Antecedentes: Lernaea cyprinacea foi introduzido na América do Sul através de ciprinídeos, não sendo registrado na província de Santa Fe. Objetivo: relatar a sua presença no Rhamdia quelen, em condições de crescimento. Método: em maio de 2014, foram obtidas individuos de L. cyprinacea, parasitando nadadeiras e flancos em R. quelen, no Cronobiologia Laboratório da Faculdade de Ciências Veterinárias, Esperanza (Santa Fe, Argentina), que foram coletados e identificados. Resultados: uma descrição de L. cyprinacea é relatada, e detalhes prévios da presença deste parasito na região. Conclusões: a presença neste parasito é evidência de introdução de espécies exóticas através da comercialização de seus hospedeiros naturais. O potencial de colonização de patógenos introduzidos em ambientes naturais é uma ameaça à integridade dos ecossistemas.

It was analyzed the diet of the Lontra longicaudis in El Rey National Park, within the Yungas forest eco-region, in the Argentine Northwest. Our data was compared with that from other populations previously studied in the Iberá Lagoon (Iberá marshes) and the Iguazú River (Paranaense forest) in the Argentine Northeast. We analyzed 130 feces from 37 latrines. Percentage of occurrence, relative frequency, percentage of relative importance and Levin's diversity were analyzed. We compared our results with those from other populations by means of the percentage similarity index, the re-sampling by bootstrapping and non-parametric analysis. We recorded 623 prey items. Fish, insects and crustaceans were more frequently consumed than amphibians, mollusks, reptiles and mammals. The majority of preys were benthonic organisms. Our results were more similar to the ones obtained in the Iberá Lagoon. Other studies in the Iberá and the Iguazú, published by the same author, were more similar between themselves. Differences in trophic adaptability, availability, temporal variation of preys or methodological biases among authors could be possible reasons for the diet differences of the populations studied in Argentina.

Se analizó la dieta de Lontra longicaudis en el Parque Nacional El Rey, en la eco-región de las Yungas, noroeste argentino. Se compararon estos datos con los de poblaciones previamente estudiadas en la laguna Iberá (Esteros del Iberá) y en el río Iguazú (Selva paranaense) en el nordeste argentino. Se analizaron 130 heces colectadas en 37 sitios evaluando porcentaje de ocurrencia, frecuencia relativa, importancia relativa porcentual y diversidad de Levin. Se comparó con otras poblaciones mediante el índice de similitud porcentual, re-muestreo por bootstrap y análisis no paramétricos. De un total de 623 presas, peces, insectos y crustáceos fueron más frecuentes que anfibios, moluscos, reptiles y mamíferos. La mayoría de las presas fueron organismos bentónicos. Nuestros resultados fueron más similares a uno de los estudios del Iberá. Otros dos estudios, del Iberá y del Iguazú, publicados por el mismo autor, fueron más semejantes entre sí. La adaptabilidad trófica de L. longicaudis a diferencias en disponibilidad y variación temporal de las presas o los sesgos metodológicos entre autores, podrían ser causas de las diferencias en las dietas de las poblaciones estudiadas en la cuenca del Paraná.

It was studied the monogenean communities on the gills of a Pimelodus albicans Valenciennes, 1840 juvenile, in the Northern Salado River, tributary of the Middle Paraná River (Argentina). Monogenea taxa were found: Demidospermus armostus, Demidospermus bidiverticulatum, Demidospermus idolus, Demidospermus majusculus, Scleroductus yuncensi, Demidospermus sp and Ancyrocephalinae sp. The results allow us to conclude that: D. majusculus, D. armostus, D. idolus and Ancyrocephalinae sp were secondary species and there is no a dominant one. The local diversity of parasites is moderate and there is no correlation between the size of the hosts and the intensity of parasitism. In this article, the infrapopulations and infracommunities of monogenean of P. albicans, were analyzed. These reports show a new geographical distribution register ofneotropical monogenean species.

Se estudió la comunidad de Monogenea de las branquias de juveniles de Pimelodus albicans Valenciennes 1840, en el río Salado del Norte, tributario del río Paraná Medio (Argentina). Se hallaron los siguientes taxa: Demidospermus armostus, Demidospermus bidiverticulatum, Demidospermus idolus, Demidospermus majusculus, Scleroductus yuncensi, Demidospermus sp y Ancyrocephalinae sp. Los resultados permiten concluir que no existe una especie dominante, aunque D. majusculus, D. armostus, D. idolus y Ancyrocephalinae sp se destacan por ser secundarias. La diversidad parasitaria local es moderada y no existe correlación entre la talla de los hospedadores y la intensidad de infestación de todos los taxa. En este artículo se analizan las infrapoblaciones e infracomunidades de Monogenea de P. albicans, y se presenta un nuevo registro de distribución geográfica de estos ictioparásitos neotropicales.