Abstract: The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of the attack Leptocybe invasa in dendrometric variables and wood properties of two clones of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus tereticornis), grown in the municipalities of Imperatriz (state of Maranhão) and Darcinopolis (state of Tocantins), Brazil, for Kraft pulping. Data were collected 10 trees for each clone, the 3-year-old attacked by L. invasa. The diagnosed was based on formation of large guts all over the glass, and emergency hole (closing the loop). The results were confirmed by the variation of the characteristics of species assessed relative to their total height, diameter, volume of bark, vessel frequency, fiber size, radial density profile vessel frequency, fiber size, radial density profile, and ash content. Host trees obtained alterations in dendrometric variables, content of pentosans and wood ashes for both genetic materials, not being observed variations in specific gravity, and size of vessels and fibers, as well as the contents of lignin and wood extractives.

Resumen: El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el efecto del ataque de Leptocybe invasa en las propiedades dendrométricas de la madera de dos clones de eucalipto (Eucalyptus urophylla y Eucalyptus tereticornis), cultivados en los municipios de Imperatriz (Estado do Maranhão) y Darcinópolis (Estado de Tocantins), Brasil, destinados a la producción de pulpa kraft. Se analizaron 10 árboles de 3 años de edad atacados por Leptocybe invasa, para cada clon. El diagnóstico fue basado en la formación de grandes agallas en la copa, y con orificio de emergencia (cerrando el ciclo). Los resultados fueron constatados por la variación de las características de las especies evaluadas con relación a su altura total, diámetro, volumen de corteza, frecuencia de vasos, longitud de fibras, perfil radial de densidad y contenido de cenizas. Los árboles hospederos presentaron alteraciones en las variables dendrométricas, contenido de pentosanos y cenizas en la madera para ambos materiales genéticos, no siendo observadas variaciones en la densidad básica, dimensión de vasos y fibras, así como en los contenidos de lignina y extractivos de la madera.

ABSTRACT The productive sustainability of eucalyptus planting is threatened when both diseases and disorders of growth occur. These interferences can have abiotic origin as environmental conditions can negatively affect the wood quality. This study has the goal of evaluating influence of different levels of physiological disorders in dendrometric variables and wood quality from seven-year-old Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla hybrids intended for wood pulping production. The trees from commercial plantations in State of Maranhão, Brazil were separated into three levels of physiological disorders by means of morphologic changes. Then, they were evaluated according to dendrometric variables, anatomical characteristics, chemical properties, density of wood, and kraft pulp process. The physiological disorder levels significantly influenced all evaluated properties. Moreover, the wood from trees with higher severity of symptoms resulted in higher average values of dendrometric variables, basic density, and fibers dimensions. In addition, apparent density exhibited a different standard in the pith region with increase on radial wood profile. Trees with the least severe disorders exhibited changes in dendrometric and anatomical variables, mainly in wood volume and fibers dimensions, respectively.

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo do processo de extração do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon schoenanthus Spreg com CO2 pressurizado, e comparar os resultados obtidos com um processo convencional de extração. Os experimentos foram realizados numa temperatura de extração de 15ºC, pressão de 66,7 bar e vazão média de 1,23 gCO2/min. O processo ocorreu num extrator em leito fixo e foi adotado o método dinâmico para o cálculo da solubilidade. A extração com solvente orgânico foi realizada com etanol através de uma incubadora a 15ºC, seguida de filtração a vácuo e posterior evaporação do solvente. A composição do óleo foi analisada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrômetro de massa. A extração com CO2 apresentou um rendimento de 2,78% e solubilidade de 1,51.10-2 g óleo/g CO2.

The objective of this work was to study the essential oil extraction process of Cymbopogon schoenanthus Spreg with pressured CO2, and to compare the results with a conventional extraction process. The experiment was conducted at 15°C, 66.7 bar and a medium flow rate of 1.23 g CO2/min, in a fixed bed extractor and a dynamic method was adopted for the solubility calculation. The solvent extraction was realized with ethanol in an incubator, followed by a vacuum filtration and solvent evaporation. The composition of the oil was analyzed by a gas chromatography connected to a mass spectrometer. The extraction with CO2 showed a yield of 2.78%, and solubility of 1.48 x 10-2 g oil/ g CO2.