Exercise is known to cause a vasodilatory response; however, the correlation between the vasorelaxant response and different training intensities has not been investigated. Therefore, this study evaluated the vascular reactivity and lipid peroxidation after different intensities of swimming exercise in rats. Male Wistar rats (aged 8 weeks; 250-300 g) underwent forced swimming for 1 h whilst tied to loads of 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8% of their body weight, respectively (groups G3, G4, G5, G6 and G8, respectively; n=5 each). Immediately after the test, the aorta was removed and suspended in an organ bath. Cumulative relaxation in response to acetylcholine (10−12-10−4 M) and contraction in response to phenylephrine (10−12-10−5 M) were measured. Oxidative stress was estimated by determining malondialdehyde concentration. The percentages of aorta relaxation were significantly higher in G3 (7.9±0.20), G4 (7.8±0.29), and G5 (7.9±0.21), compared to the control group (7.2±0.04), while relaxation in the G6 (7.4±0.25) and G8 (7.0±0.06) groups was similar to the control group. In contrast, the percentage of contraction was significantly higher in G6 (8.8 ±0.1) and G8 (9.7±0.29) compared to the control (7.1±0.1), G3 (7.3±0.2), G4 (7.2±0.1) and G5 (7.2±0.2%) groups. Lipid peroxidation levels in the aorta were similar to control levels in G3, G4 and G5, but higher in G6 and G8, and significantly higher in G8 (one-way ANOVA). These results indicate a reduction in vasorelaxing activity and an increase in contractile activity in rat aortas after high-intensity exercise, followed by an increase in lipid peroxidation.

Inter-individual differences in the phase of the endogenous circadian rhythms have been established. Individuals with early circadian phase are called morning types; those with late circadian phase are evening types. The Horne and Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) is the most frequently used to assess individual chronotype. The distribution of MEQ scores is likely to be biased by several fact, ors, such as gender, age, genetic background, latitude, and social habits. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of different social synchronizers on the sleep/wake cycle of persons with different chronotypes. Volunteers were selected from a total of 1232 UFPR undergraduate students who completed the MEQ. Thirty-two subjects completed the study, including 8 morning types, 8 evening types and 16 intermediate types. Sleep schedules were recorded by actigraphy for 1 week on two occasions: during the school term and during vacation. Sleep onset and offset times, sleep duration, and mid-sleep time for each chronotype group were compared by the Mann-Whitney U-test separately for school term and vacation. School term and vacation data were compared by the Wilcoxon matched-pair test. Morning types showed earlier sleep times and longer sleep duration compared with evening types (23:00 ± 44 and 508.9 ± 50.27 vs 01:08 ± 61.95 and 456.44 ± 59.08, for the weekdays during vacation). During vacation, the subjects showed later sleep times, except for the morning types, who did not exhibit differences for sleep onset times. The results support the idea that social schedules have an impact on the expression of circadian rhythmicity but this impact depends on the individual chronotype.

Foram estudadas a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS), a proteína bruta e os componentes da parede celular de sete genótipos de sorgo de diferentes portes e suculência do colmo para produção de silagem. A colheita do material a ser ensilado foi realizada durante o estádio de grão leitoso/pastoso, com 102 dias de idade. Na ensilagem utilizaram-se silos de laboratório, feitos de PVC. Os silos foram abertos após 7, 14, 28 e 56 dias de fermentação. O teor de PB oscilou de 4,8 a 9,1% entre os diferentes tipos de sorgo. A altura da planta não retratou a proporção de grãos e principalmente a digestibilidade do material, já que os dois sorgos de porte médio apresentaram as mais altas porcentagens de panícula e os menores valores de DIVMS. A correlação entre DIVMS e porcentagem de folhas foi positiva e entre DIVMS e componentes da parede celular foi negativa.

In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), crude protein and cell wall components in silage of seven sorghum genotypes cut at 102 days, varying in height and stem moisture were studied. Laboratory silos were opened after 7, 14, 28 e 56 days of fermentation. Crude protein ranged from 4.8 to 9.1% among the different types of sorghum. Plant height was not associated to grain proportion and digestibility; medium height sorghums showed the highest head percentage and the lowest IVDMD content. IVDMD was positively correlated with leaf percentage and negatively with the cell wall components.

Foram estudadas as silagens de quatro genótipos de sorgo de porte alto, colmo suculento e com açúcar e três de porte baixo, colmo seco e sem açúcar com o objetivo de estudar fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), hemicelulose, celulose, lignina e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS). A percentagem média de FDN foi de 63,3% para os sorgos de porte alto e 65,5% para os de porte baixo. Os valores de FDA variaram de 33,1 a 35,7% no material original e de 30,1 a 34,3% aos 56 dias de ensilagem. Houve redução nos teores de hemicelulose com o avanço do processo fermentativo indicando sua utilização como fonte adicional de carboidratos. Observou-se variação nos conteúdos de celulose ao longo da fermentação em alguns dos genótipos avaliados. Os teores médios de lignina encontrados no material original e aos 56 dias de fermentação foram, respectivamente, de 5,9 e 4,6%. Em relação à DIVMS apenas o sorgo BR506 não modificou os valores com a fermentação, e o teor médio nas silagens aos 56 dias de fermentação foi de 54,8%, variação de 51,3 a 58,5%.

Four sorghums of high size, moist and sugary stem, and three sorghums of small size, dry and sugarless stem were used in order to determine the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) values. The mean value of NDF was 63.3% for high size sorghums and 65.5% for low size sorghums. The ADF values ranged from 33.1 to 35.7 in the fresh matter and from 30.1 to 34.3% in silages with 56 days of fermentation. There was a decrease in the hemicellulose values with the advance of fermentative process showing their utilization as an extra sources of carbohydrates. It was observed variation in the cellulose contents with the fermentation progress in some sorghums. The lignin means in the fresh material and on 56 days were, respectively, 5.9 and 4.6%. The mean IVDMD on 56 days of fermentation was 54.8% ranging from 51.3 to 58.5%.

Algumas características agrônomicas importantes para produção de silagens foram avaliadas em sete genótipos de sorgo de portes alto, médio e baixo. Determinaram-se as produções de matéria verde e matéria seca em toneladas/hectare. Separaram-se folhas, colmo e panícula e determinaram-se as porcentagens de cada um desses componentes em relação à planta inteira. A altura e a população de plantas, a porcentagem de folhas mortas e a porcentagem de acamamento foram avaliadas no momento do corte. As porcentagens de colmo, folhas e panícula variaram, respectivamente, de 45,5 a 83,8%, 6,8 a 32,6% e 9,3 a 35,1%. As folhas mortas oscilaram de 20,0 a 63,3%. A altura da planta apresentou correlação significativa com a produção de matéria seca, com a proporção de colmo e com a porcentagem de acamamento. Foi observada correlação positiva entre o número de plantas/hectare e a produção de matéria seca. Registrou-se grande variação na produção de matéria natural, e os sorgos de porte alto mostraram-se mais produtivos que os de porte médio e estes mais que o de porte baixo. Observou-se a mesma tendência para o rendimento de matéria seca/hectare, porém os genótipos de porte alto foram semelhantes a um sorgo de porte médio.

Some agronomic traits, important for silage production, were evaluated in seven sorghum genotypes of high, medium and low height. Fresh and dry matter yield (tons/ha) were determined. Plant height, stand, percentage of dead leaves and standability were evaluated at cut. Percentage of stem, leaves and head ranged from 45.5 to 83.8%, 6.8 to 32.6% and 9.3 to 35.1%, respectively. Dead leaves percentage ranged from 20.0 to 63.3%. Plant height had significant correlation with dry matter production, stem proportion and standability. It was observed positive correlation between number of plants/ha and dry matter production. Great variation in fresh matter yield was registered. High sorghums were more productive than medium height sorghums, and these, more productive than low height sorghum. The same tendencies were observed for dry matter yield; nevertheless hight genotypes were similar to one of medium height genotypes.

Foram utilizados quatro genótipos de sorgo de porte alto, colmo suculento e com açúcar e três de porte baixo, colmo seco e sem açúcar com o objetivo de determinar as percentagens de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), nitrogênio amoniacal em relação ao nitrogênio total (N-NH3/NT), pH e carboidratos solúveis em álcool (CHOS). O sorgo CMSXS156, de porte baixo, apresentou, o maior teor de MS (33,6%) aos 28 dias de ensilagem. Os genótipos de porte baixo tiveram em média 8,8% de PB e os de porte alto 5%, diferença provavelmente devida à maior proporção de folhas e panícula nos de porte baixo. O pH médio das silagens aos 56 dias de fermentação foi de 3,6 e variou de 3,5 a 3,8, e o teor médio de N-NH3/NT nesse mesmo período foi de 5,3%, mostrando que as silagens apresentaram um adequado processo fermentativo. O teor médio de CHOS no material original foi de 9,7% e a variação de 13,2 a 16,5% e de 2,2 a 4,0% nos genótipos de porte alto e baixo, respectivamente.

Four sorghums of high size, moist and sugary stem, and three sorghums of small size, dry and sugarless stem and without sugar were used in order to determine the dry matter, crude protein (CP), amoniacal nitrogen, pH and alcohol soluble carbohydrates values. The CMSXS156, a small size sorghum showed the highest value of dry matter (33.6%) on 28 days of ensilage. The low size genotypes had an average 8.8% of CP and the high size 5%, probably due to the higher leaf and panicle proportions in small size sorghums. The average pH of the silages on 56th day of fermentation was 3.6 with a range of 3.5 to 3.8, and the mean of ammonia nitrogen was 5.3% showing that the silages had a suitable fermentative process. The mean value of alcohol soluble carbohydrates was 9.7% ranging from 13.2 to 16.5% for high and from 2.2 to 4.0% for small size genotypes.

Para avaliar a qualidade das silagens de sete genótipos de sorgo, de diferentes portes e suculência do colmo, cortados aos 102 dias de idade, foram estudados os padrões de fermentação após 7, 14, 28 e 56 dias de ensilagem. Observou-se correlação entre os teores de matéria seca e de suculência do colmo, sendo os genótipos de colmo seco superiores aos de colmo suculento. Aos 56 dias de fermentação a variação foi de 23,1 a 36,1%. O pH das silagens dos sete tipos de sorgo já estava estabilizado aos sete dias de ensilagem e aos 56 dias oscilou de 3,5 a 4,3. Os sorgos de porte alto e colmo suculento apresentaram os maiores teores de carboidratos solúveis, que variaram de 4,0 a 17,2% no material original. No período final da ensilagem a variação no teor de ácido láctico foi de 2,8 a 8,5%, sendo os dois sorgos de porte médio os de valores mais baixos. O nitrogênio amoniacal em porcentagem do nitrogênio total variou de 3,8 a 6,3% aos 56 dias, sugerindo que as porcentagens de matéria seca obtidas para os sete genótipos foram suficientes para minimizar a proteólise.

Fermentation patterns in the silages of seven sorghum genotypes cut at 102 days, varying in height and stem moisture were studied. Laboratory silos were opened after 7, 14, 28 and 56 days from ensilage. Dry matter percentages varied among the different types of sorghum and they were associated to moistness and sugar contents in stem. The dry stem genotypes showed higher values than wet stem genotypes. Silages at 56 days fermentation showed dry matter content varying from 23.1 to 36.1%. pH from the seven sorghum silages were already stabilized within seven days of fermentation and oscillated from 3.5 to 4.3 at 56 days of fermentation. The high and wet stem sorghums showed the highest levels of soluble carbohydrates ranging from 4.0 to 17.2% in the original material. With 56 days the variation in lactic acid content was from 2.8 to 8.5%, and the medium height sorghums showed the lowest values. The ammonia nitrogen in relation to total nitrogen percentage ranged from 3.8 to 6.3% at 56 days of fermentation.

Foram utilizados quatro genótipos de sorgo de porte alto, colmo suculento e com açúcar, BR601, CMSXS156 × CMSXS607, BR506 e CMSXS156 × CMSXS506, e três de porte baixo, colmo seco e sem açúcar, CMSXS156 × CMSXS227, CMSXS156 e CMSXS227, colhidos no estádio de grão leitoso/pastoso, com o objetivo de avaliar o número de plantas por hectare (NP/ha), as produções de matéria verde (MV) e de matéria seca (MS) em t/ha, as percentagens de colmo (%COL), de folha (%FOL), de panícula (%PAN) e de folhas mortas (%FM) em relação à planta inteira, à altura e à percentagem de acamamento das plantas (%ACM). Houve grande variação no NP/ha nos diferentes genótipos avaliados. As produções de MS foram de 8,6 t/ha para os genótipos de porte alto e de 4,4 t/ha para os de porte baixo. Observaram-se correlações positiva entre altura e %COL e negativas entre altura e %FOL e %PAN. Com relação à %ACM das plantas apenas o genótipo CMSXS156 × CMSXS607 apresentou esse problema.

Four genotypes of high size, wet stem and sugary, BR601, CMSXS156 × CMSXS607, BR506 and CMSXS156 × CMSXS506, and three sorghum of low size, dry stem and without sugar, CMSXS156 × CMSXS227, CMSXS156 and CMSXS227, were harvested in milk/dough grain stage, and used to study the plant population per area, fresh and dry matter yields, stem, leaf, panicle and dead leaf percentages in relation to the whole plant, height and standability. It was observed a large variation in the population of plants among the different genotypes. Dry matter yields were 8.6 t/ha for high sorghums and 4.4 t/ha for low sorghums. Positive correlation between height and stem percentage and negative correlations between height and leaf and panicle percentages were observed. In relation to plant standability, only the CMSXS156 × CMSXS506 sorghum had the problem.

Observou-se brucelose canina em quatro canis diferentes. Os canis apresentaram animais com história de aborto, mortalidade em neonatos e nascimentos prematuros. A porcentagem de animais soropositivos para brucelose canina, pela prova de imunodifusão em ágar gel, variou de 4,6 a 57,1%. Observou-se correlação positiva entre porcentagem de animais positivos e aspectos reprodutivos e condições de aglomeração.