A sprained ankle is a common musculoskeletal sports injury and it is often treated by immobilization of the joint. Despite the beneficial effects of this therapeutic measure, the high prevalence of residual symptoms affects the quality of life, and remobilization of the joint can reverse this situation. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of immobilization and remobilization on the ankle joint of Wistar rats. Eighteen male rats had their right hindlimb immobilized for 15 days, and were divided into the following groups: G1, immobilized; G2, remobilized freely for 14 days; and G3, remobilized by swimming and jumping in water for 14 days, performed on alternate days, with progression of time and a series of exercises. The contralateral limb was the control. After the experimental period, the ankle joints were processed for microscopic analysis. Histomorphometry did not show any significant differences between the control and immobilized/remobilized groups and members, in terms of number of chondrocytes and thickness of the articular cartilage of the tibia and talus. Morphological analysis of animals from G1 showed significant degenerative lesions in the talus, such as exposure of the subchondral bone, flocculation, and cracks between the anterior and mid-regions of the articular cartilage and the synovial membrane. Remobilization by therapeutic exercise in water led to recovery in the articular cartilage and synovial membrane of the ankle joint when compared with free remobilization, and it was shown to be an effective therapeutic measure in the recovery of the ankle joint.

O estudo avaliou a eficiência de um desinfetante que apresenta baixa ação corrosiva e que não é tóxico ao meio ambiente, o formulado de sódio dicloroisocianurato, sobre o nucleopoliedrovírus Bombyx mori (BmNPV). Para tanto, lagartas do bicho-da-seda, B. mori, de 5º instar foram divididas em quatro grupos experimentais, 4 repetições com 15 lagartas cada, totalizando 60 lagartas por grupo. Os grupos foram alimentados com discos foliares de amoreira (Morus sp.) contendo: o BmNPV tratado com o desinfetante (solução 1); o BmNPV não tratado (solução 2); apenas o desinfetante (solução 3); e água (solução 4, controle). Os resultados mostraram que o desinfetante não inativa o BmNPV e também exerce efeito negativo na resistência do inseto.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a disinfectant with low corrosive action and which is not toxic to the environment, the sodium dichloroisocyanurate formulation, on the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). For this, 5th-instar B. mori silkworm larvae were divided into four experimental groups of 4 replicates with 15 larvae each, totalling 60 larvae per group. The groups were fed with mulberry (Morus sp.) leaf discs containing: BmNPV treated with the disinfectant, untreated BmNPV, only the disinfectant, and water (control). The results showed that the disinfectant does not inactivate the BmNPV and also exerts a negative effect on the insect's resistance.

O estudo das granulações aracnóides humanas por estereomicroscópío e microscópio óptico revelou que em um mesmo indivíduo estão presentes granulações morfologicamente distintas, que classificamos em simples e lobuladas. As granulações simples eram pequenas e completamente envoltas por cápsula fibrosa que delimitava, em torno das granulações, espaço subdural contínuo desde o pedículo até o ápice. As granulações lobuladas eram maiores que as simples; em seu ápice a cápsula era delgada e ocorria interrupção do espaço subdural, devido à fusão do tecido Gbroso da cápsula com a periferia da granulação. As granulações simples estavam possivelmente em fase inicial de desenvolvimento, enquanto as granulações lobuladas estariam em Case mais avançada, com estrutura morfológica ideal para absorção do LCR.

Stereomicroscopic and microscopic study showed human arachnoid granulations with different morphology that we classified in simple and lobate. Simple granulations were small and completely involved by fibrous capsule that delimited a continuous subdural space from the pedicle to the apex. Lobate granulations were bigger than the simple; in the apex the fibrous capsule was thinner than in other regions, and fused with granulation periphery causing interruption of subdural space. Simple granulations might be an initial development stage; lobate granulations would represent a higher development stage, with ideal morphologic structure for absorption of the CSR.