ABSTRACT The present research aimed to analyze the motor skills of healthy children aged six to 12 years, identify potential factors associated with deficits in motor performance and synthesize the instruments used for assessment. The descriptors used were: healthy child; healthy children; motor skills; psychomotor performance and motor performance in English, Portuguese and Spanish in Scielo, Lilacs and Pubmed databases. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, data extraction and methodological quality analysis. The search was restricted to original articles from observational studies published between 1997 and 2018. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) instruments. Results: In the initial search, 4746 references were found, and 165 full articles were read, resulting in 11 articles for fine review after using the exclusion criteria. The girls showed worse performance. The instruments used were: Test for Gross Motor Development Second Edition (TGMD-2); Koperkoordination test fur Kinder (KTK); Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition (MABC-2); and Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition (MABC). TGMD-2 and KTK assess gross motor skills, whereas the MABC and MABC-2 tests also assess fine motor skills. This literature review showed that the motor skills of healthy children aged 6 to 12 years were considered satisfactory in five studies and that six children had a motor delay. The most frequent was the Test of Gross Motor Development Second Edition (TGMD-2).

RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar as habilidades motoras de crianças saudáveis de seis a 12 anos, identificar potenciais fatores associados aos déficits no desempenho motor e sintetizar os instrumentos usados para avaliação. Os descritores utilizados foram: criança saudável; crianças saudáveis; habilidade motora; desempenho psicomotor e desempenho motor, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs e Pubmed. Dois revisores realizaram a seleção dos estudos, extração de dados e análise da qualidade. A busca foi restrita a artigos transversais publicados entre 1997 e 2018. A qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada pelo Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Na busca inicial encontrou-se 4.746 referências, foram lidos 165 artigos, resultando em 11 artigos para a revisão final. As meninas demonstraram pior desempenho. Os instrumentos encontrados foram: Test for Gross Motor Development Second Edition-TGMD2; Koperkoordination test fur Kinder-KTK; Movement Assessment Battery for Children-MABC e Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition-MABC-2. Os testes MABC e MABC-2 avaliam além de motricidade grossa também motricidade fina. As habilidades motoras de crianças de seis a 12 anos foram consideradas satisfatórias em cinco estudos e em seis as crianças apresentaram atraso motor. O TGMD2 foi o instrumento o mais frequente.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a satisfação e distorção da imagem corporal em crianças de 7 a 10 anos de idade e verificar quais fatores antropométricos e socioeconômicos estão associados a elas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 307 crianças de escolas públicas de Goiânia. A saúde da criança e os aspectos socioeconômicos da família foram avaliados por meio de um questionário semiestruturado; a imagem corporal foi avaliada por meio da Escala de Silhuetas Brasileiras Para Crianças; e também foram coletados dados antropométricos de peso, estatura, dobras cutâneas e circunferência da cintura. Observou-se homogeneidade do gênero neste estudo, predomínio de meninos (52%) eutróficos (73%). Apesar de se tratar de uma amostra com peso saudável, a insatisfação e a distorção da imagem corporal prevaleceram sobre a maior parte da amostra: a insatisfação esteve presente em 92% das crianças, prevalecendo o desejo por uma menor silhueta, enquanto a distorção esteve presente em 75% da amostra, com predomínio da subestimação da silhueta. No entanto, este estudo encontrou associação da insatisfação com a imagem corporal apenas com IMC (aferido, atual e desejado) e circunferência da cintura; e associação da distorção da imagem corporal apenas com os IMC (aferido e atual).

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to analyze the satisfaction and distortion of body image in children from 7 to 10 years old and to verify which anthropometric and socioeconomic factors are associated with them. This is a cross-sectional study, carried out with 307 children from public schools in Goiânia. The child's health and the socioeconomic aspects of the family were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire; body image was assessed using the Brazilian Silhouettes Scale for Children; and anthropometric data on weight, height, skinfolds and waist circumference were also collected. Gender homogeneity was observed in this study, with a predominance of eutrophic(73%) boys (52%). Despite being a sample with a healthy weight, dissatisfaction and distortion of body image prevailed over most of the sample: dissatisfaction was present in 92% of children, the desire for a smaller silhouette prevailing, while distortion was present in 75% of the sample, with a predominance of underestimation of the silhouette. However, this study found dissatisfaction association with body image only with BMI (measured, current and desired) and waist circumference; and association of the distortion of the body image only with the BMI (measured and current).

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to analyze the intra- and inter-rater reliability in the assessment and classification of the longitudinal plantar arch of children from 6 to 10 years old in the eyes-open (EO) testing condition. Methods: A total of two-hundred and seventy-eight Brazilian children (556 feet), boys and girls, from 6 to 10 years of age participated in the study. The children’s feet were examined on a baropodometric platform, and the Staheli index was used for calculating the plantar arch index. Footprint analyses were performed at two different times, with an interval of 7 to 10 days, by three physical therapists in a single testing condition, resulting in 3,336 footprints. To determine the reliability of the continuous measurements, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), Standard error of the mean (SEM), absolute value and percentage, and the Minimum Detectable Change (MDC) were calculated. To determine the reliability of the longitudinal arch classification, inter-rater reliability was evaluated by Weighted Fleiss Kappa Coefficient and the test-retest reliability was estimated by Weighted Cohen Kappa Coefficient. Results: Regarding inter-rater reliability, we observed values of ICC ranging from 0.79 to 0.96; thus, the results were classified as substantial to excellent reliability), being the lowest ICC values occur for line B, mainly in the first assessments. SEM ranges from 0.08 to 0.21 (percentage: 3.74 to 28.7), being the best, the lowest SEM values occur for Plantar Arch Index assessments and the MDC varies between 0.22 and 0.59. Regarding intra-rater reliability, the results indicated excellent reliability: values of ICC range from 0.92 to 0.99, being the lowest ICC values also occurs for line B analysis. SEM ranges from 0.03 to 0.20 (percentage: 2.32 to 26.6), being the lowest SEM values occur for Plantar Arch Index assessments and MDC varies between 0.09 and 0.54. Analyzing the inter-rater reliability for the longitudinal arch classifications, we observed values of Weighted Fleiss Kappa Coefficient ranging from 0.83 to 0.87, expressing almost perfect agreement among the raters before and after evaluations. The test-retest reliability of the longitudinal arch classification resulted in values of Weighted Cohen Kappa Coefficient ranging from 0.80 to 0.996, expressing substantial to almost perfect agreement intra-rater. Conclusion: The study showed high reliability in the clinical assessment of the longitudinal plantar arch index of children from 6 to 10 years of age indicating that the Staheli method is applicable to pressure platform assessments with intra- and inter-rate reliability.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a correlação entre as áreas avaliadas pela Escala Brunet-Lézine e pela Escala Bayley III no desenvolvimento de bebês pré-termo de risco até dois anos de idade. Métodos: Foram incluídas no estudo 88 crianças, divididas em 3 grupos: Grupo 1 (1 mês a 5 meses e 29 dias de idade cronológica corrigida - ICC), com 32 crianças; Grupo 2 (6 meses a 11 meses e 29 dias de ICC), com 36 participantes; e Grupo 3 (18 meses a 23 meses e 23 dias de ICC), com 20 crianças. A validade concorrente entre a Escala Brunet-Lézine e a Escala Bayley III foi calculada por meio da correlação de Pearson ou de sua versão não paramétrica, a correlação de Spearman. Resultados: No Grupo 1 houve correlação moderada entre o quociente de desenvolvimento da coordenação óculo-motriz (QDC) e o escore motor fino (ρ=0,448; p=0,01). No Grupo 2 foi encontrada correlação moderada entre o quociente de desenvolvimento da postura (QDP) e o escore motor grosseiro (ρ=0,484; p=0,003), entre o QDC e o escore motor fino (r=0,489; p=0,002) e entre o quociente de desenvolvimento de sociabilidade (QDS) e o escore socioemocional (r=0,435; p=0,008). No Grupo 3 foi observada correlação moderada entre o QDP e o escore motor grosseiro (ρ=0,468; p=0,037), e correlação forte entre o quociente de desenvolvimento da linguagem (QDL) e o escore da linguagem (r=0,890; p<0,001). Conclusões: A Escala Brunet-Lézine apresentou forte correlação com a Escala Bayley III quanto à linguagem no Grupo 3, o que sugere a sua validade para avaliar crianças entre 18 e 24 meses de idade nesse quesito.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the correlation between the areas evaluated by the Brunet-Lézine and the Bayley III scales of preterm infants up to two years. Methods: The study included 88 children who were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (1 month to 5 months and 29 days of corrected chronological ages - CCA) with 32 children; Group 2 (6 months to 11 months and 29 days of CCA) with 36 participants; and Group 3 (18 -23 months and 23 days of CCA) with 20 children. The concurrent validity of the Brunet-Lézine scale and the Bayley III scale was calculated using the Pearson correlation or its non-parametric version, the Spearman correlation. Results: Group 1 showed moderate correlation between the developmental quotient for hand-eye and fine motor coordination (DQE), and fine motor score (ρ=0.448; p=0.01). Group 2 had moderate correlation between the developmental quotient for posture and gross motor function (DQP), and the gross motor score (ρ=0.484; p=0.003, between the DQE and fine motor score (r=0.489; p=0.002), and between the developmental quotient for social reactions (DQS) and the socio emotional score (r=0.435; p=0.008). Group 3 showed moderate correlation between the DQP and the gross motor score (ρ=0.468; p=0.037) and strong correlation between developmental quotient for language (DQL) and the score of language (r=0.890; p<0.001). Conclusions: The Brunet-Lézine scale showed strong correlation with the Bayley III scale regarding the language domain in Group 3, suggesting its validity to assess the language of children aged between 18 and 24 months.