Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are beneficial microorganisms that form symbioses with vines, showing improvements favorably in the growth and nutrition of seedlings after rooting them. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of AMF species inoculation and phosphate fertilization on rooted cuttings of vine rootstocks in a greenhouse. Woody rootstock cuttings from ‘IAC 766’ Campinas vines were prepared to promote rooting. After 45 days, the cuttings were transplanted and subjected to treatments that consisted of the inoculation of different species of AMF and fertilization with two doses of phosphorus (simple superphosphate) plus the control. The treatments were randomly assigned following a completely randomized design with eight replications for each treatment. After 90 days, growth parameters, macro and micronutrient content (shoot and root), root colonization and mycorrhizal effect of the extracted nutrients were evaluated. The inoculation with AMF species influenced the growth parameters, root colonization and extraction of macro and micronutrients from the cuttings of the 'IAC 766' rootstock, highlighting the inoculation with species of the genus Acaulospora, either individually or associated. Phosphorous fertilization affected growth parameters and extraction of macro and micronutrients, but these were to a lesser degree compared to that verified by the inoculation of AMF species.

Resumen Los hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA) son microorganismos benéficos que forman simbiosis con la vid, al mostrar mejoras favorables en el crecimiento y nutrición de las plántulas tras su enraizamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los efectos de la inoculación de especies de HMA y de la fertilización fosfatada sobre estacas enraizadas de portainjertos de vid en invernadero. Se prepararon estacas leñosas de portainjertos de vid ‘IAC-766’ Campinas para promover el enraizamiento. Después de 45 días, las estacas se trasplantaron y se sometieron a diferentes tratamientos que consistieron en la inoculación de especies de HMA y la fertilización con dos dosis de fósforo (superfosfato simple), más el testigo. Los tratamientos se distribuyeron de acuerdo con un diseño completamente al azar con ocho repeticiones por cada tratamiento. Después de 90 días, se evaluaron los parámetros de crecimiento, el contenido de macro- y micronutrientes (brote y raíz), la colonización de las raíces y el efecto micorrícico de los nutrientes extraídos. La inoculación con especies de HMA influyó en los parámetros de crecimiento, la colonización radicular, y la extracción de macro- y micronutrientes de las estacas de portainjertos ‘IAC-766’, especialmente la inoculación con especies del género Acaulospora, ya sea individualmente o asociadas. La fertilización fosfatada afectó a los parámetros de crecimiento y a la extracción de macro- y micronutrientes, pero en menor medida que la observada con la inoculación de especies de HMA.

Two Vitis labrusca cultivars [Bordô (Ives), Concord] grafted to two rootstocks (1103 Paulsen, VR043-43) were combined in a randomized complete block experiment with a factorialized treatment arrangement in southern Brazil. Clusters were sampled over two seasons (2012, 2013) and analyzed for Brix, titratable acidity (TA) and pH, sucrose, glucose and fructose, as well as malvidin and cyanidin-3,5-diglucosides, quercetin and trans-resveratrol. Concord had the highest Brix and lowest TA in both years. Total sugars, glucose, and fructose were highest in Bordô/VR043-43 and Concord/1103 Paulsen. Total anthocyanins+quercetin were substantially higher in Bordô compared to Concord and were enhanced in both cultivars by VR043-43, while malvidin was increased in Bordô by VR043-43 as well. Cyanidin was detected in Concord only and was increased by VR043-43 in 2013. Quercetin and trans-resveratrol were detected in Bordô only; quercetin was highest in vines grafted to Paulsen 1103 and trans-resveratrol in those on VR043-43. The results suggest a strong rootstock influence on fruit composition of both cultivars-particularly quercetin and trans-resveratrol, which may have positive health implications in terms of antioxidant capacity.

Se evaluaron dos cultivares de Vitis labrusca [Bordô (Ives), Concord] injertadas sobre dos portainjertos (1103 Paulsen, VR043-43) en el sur de Brasil. El experimento fue de bloques completos al azar con un arreglo factorial de 2 x 2 con cuatro repeticiones. Se tomaron muestras de dos temporadas (2012, 2013) y se analizaron parámetros de calidad: Brix, acidez valorable (AV) y pH; sacarosa, glucosa, y fructosa; malvidina y cianidina-3,5-diglucósidos, quercetina, y el transresveratrol. El cultivar Concord obtuvo un mayor contenido de los sólidos solubles (° Brix) y menor AV en ambas temporadas. Los azúcares totales, glucosa y fructosa, fueron más altos en Bordô/VR043-43 y Concord/1103 Paulsen. Antocianos totales + quercetina fueron sustancialmente más altos en Bordô que Concord y aumento en ambos cultivares cuando se injertarosn sobre VR043-43. Se incrementó Malvidin en Bordô injertado también en VR043-43. Cianidina se detectó solo en Concord y se incrementó en VR043-43 en 2013. La quercetina y transresveratrol se detectaron solo en Bordô; quercetina fue más alta en las vides injertadas en Paulsen 1103, y transresveratrol en VR043-43. Los datos sugieren que el portainjerto influye en la composición de la calidad de frutos en ambos cultivares, particularmente quercetina y transresveratrol, que puede tener efectos positivos en la salud por su capacidad antioxidante.

O efeito de diferentes preparações de Saccharomyces cerevisiae foi avaliado sobre o desenvolvimento das doenças do morangueiro, como mancha-de-micosferela (Mycosphaerella fragariae), mancha-de-dendrofoma (Dendrophoma obscurans) e flor-preta (Colletotrichum acutatum) além da qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos. O trabalho foi realizado entre 2004 e 2005 na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos. Os tratamentos consistiram de pulverizações semanais de cinco diferentes preparados a partir da levedura S. cerevisiae: suspensão com fermento biológico fresco comercial, suspensão de células de levedura, suspensão autoclavada de células, filtrado de cultura em meio líquido e Agro-MOS®, produto comercial formulado a partir da levedura, além da testemunha com água destilada e do tratamento controle com fungicidas. Nenhuma das preparações apresentou efeito contra a mancha-de-micosferela; preparações com a presença de células vivas e o produto Agro-MOS® apresentaram efeito contra mancha-de-dendrofoma; preparações com suspensão do produto comercial e filtrado de cultura líquida reduziram a incidência de flor-preta em flores e frutos. Preparações de S. cerevisiae com suspensão de células, suspensão autoclavada de células e filtrado de cultura líquida promoveram aumento na produtividade dos morangueiros que variou de 589,6 a 617,8 g planta-1. Preparações de S. cerevisiae, com presença de células vivas ou não, alteraram o metabolismo do morangueiro, aumentando a atividade das enzimas quitinase e glucanase, envolvidas na resistência sistêmica adquirida. Todos os tratamentos, com exceção do tratamento com suspensão autoclavada de células, reduziram a incidência de mofo-cinzento em pós-colheita de frutos.

The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was evaluated on the development of strawberry diseases and postharvest quality of fruits. The research was carried out in 2004 and 2005 in Paraná State, Brazil. Five different preparations of the yeast S. cerevisiae (a suspension of commercial fresh biological yeast for bakery, a suspension of yeast cells, a suspension of autoclaved cells, a filtered yeast liquid culture and the commercial product Agro-MOS®) were compared to control treatments (distilled water spraying and another one with fungicides). None of the preparations were effective against the mycosphaerella leaf spot (Mycosphaerella fragariae); preparations with living cells and the product Agro-MOS® showed effect against leaf blight (Dendrophoma obscurans); suspension of the bakery yeast and the filtered liquid culture reduced the incidence of anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) in flowers and fruits. Preparations of S. cerevisiae with suspension of cells, suspension of autoclaved cells and filtered liquid culture increased the productivity of the strawberry plants, which ranged from 589.6 to 617.8 g plant-1. The preparations of S. cerevisiae, with living cells or not, modified the plant metabolism, improving the activity of the chitinase and glucanase enzymes, which are involved in the acquired systemic resistance. Except for the treatment with suspension of autoclaved cells, the other preparations reduced the incidence of gray mould (Botrytis cinerea) in the postharvest of fruits.