BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies focusing on multisite musculoskeletal pain have revealed that the prevalence of multisite pain is high in general populations. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the prevalence of multisite musculoskeletal pain in the last 12 months and in the last seven days, in a population-based sample and investigate its association with demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, reported morbidity and ergonomic variables. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional population-based survey in Bauru, São Paulo (Brazil). METHODS: 600 individuals were interviewed. The following data were collected: participants’ characteristics, through a precoded questionnaire; physical activity level, through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire; and musculoskeletal symptoms, through the Nordic questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate and Poisson regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of multisite musculoskeletal pain was 46.5% (confidence interval, CI 42.5 to 50.5) in the last 12 months and 26.1% (CI 22.8 to 29.8) in the last seven days. The variables associated with multisite pain in the last 12 months were female sex, presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus or depression, watching TV more than three times a week and working in a seated position. Formerly smoking was a protection factor. The variables associated with multisite pain in the last seven days were female sex, age group 60 years and over, low income, presence of comorbidities of hypertension, diabetes mellitus or depression and working in a seated position. CONCLUSION: There was high prevalence of multisite musculoskeletal pain, which was associated with demographic, socioeconomic, work-related, electronic device-related and reported morbidity variables.

Resumo Introdução: O crescimento da taxa de idosos no mundo pode tornar-se um problema de saúde pública quando estes exibem níveis insuficientes de atividade física, que têm o potencial de aumentar dores crônicas e causar incapacidade funcional. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos do treinamento funcional na dor e capacidade funcional de mulheres idosas. Métodos: Desenvolveu-se um ensaio clínico controlado não randomizado com 32 idosas, divididas em dois grupos: treino funcional (TF: n = 17) e grupo controle (GC: n = 15). Como indicador da capacidade funcional foi utilizado o Teste de Aptidão Física para Idosos. A dor foi avaliada pelos relatos de sintomas de desconforto musculoesquelético e suas características por meio do Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares de Dor e Escala visual Analógica de Dor (EVA). O programa de treinamento funcional foi aplicado por 12 semanas em uma frequên-cia de três vezes semanais. Resultados: Verificaram-se efeitos significativos após a intervenção no grupo TF, com redução da dor e aumento da flexibilidade e resistência para membros inferiores e capacidade cardiorrespiratória (p < 0,05). Conclusão: O programa de treinamento funcional em idosas foi efetivo para a melhoria das variáveis de flexibilidade de membros inferiores, percepção de dor, resistência de força de membros inferiores e capacidade cardiorrespiratória.

Abstract Introduction: The growing rate of elderly people in the world can became a public health problem when they exhibit insufficient levels of physical activity, which can increase chronic pain and lead to functional disability. Objective: To analyze the effects of functional training on pain and functional capacity in elderly women. Methods: A non-randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with 32 elderly women, divided into two groups: functional training (FT: n = 17) and control group (CG: n = 15). Functional capacity was analyzed using the Physical Fitness Test for the Elderly. Pain was assessed by reports of musculoskeletal discomfort symptoms and their characteristics using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire and pain visual analog scale (VAS). The functional training program was applied for 12 weeks at a frequency of three times a week. Results: Significant effects after the intervention in the FT group were observed, with pain reduction, increased flexibility and resistance for lower limbs, and cardiorespiratory capacity (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The functional training program in elderly women was effective in improving the variables of lower limb flexibility, pain perception, lower limb strength resistance and cardiorespiratory capacity.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Neck pain is a major public health problem. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of neck pain among high school students and to analyze associations with sociodemographic variables, use of electronic devices, habitual physical activity practices and mental health problems. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional epidemiological study on a sample of high school students in the city of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. METHOD: Participants were selected through cluster sampling in two stages and data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Data collection comprised the following steps: 1. sociodemographic characteristics; 2. use of electronic devices; 3. habitual physical activity levels; 3. mental health; and 4. neck pain. RESULTS: A total of 1,628 participants were interviewed. The prevalence of neck pain was 49.1% (95% confidence interval, CI 46.7 to 51.5), with 40.4% (95% CI 37.0 to 43.7) in men and 57.5% (95% CI 54.2 to 60.9) in women. The variables associated with in neck pain were: female (prevalence ratio, PR = 2.04), use of cell phone in standing posture (PR = 1.47), use of tablet in sitting posture (PR = 1.72), length of computer use greater than 3 hours/day (PR = 1.54), length of cell phone use greater than 3 hours/day (PR = 1.54), length of tablet use greater than 3 hours/ day (PR = 1.34) and mental health problems (PR = 1.56). CONCLUSION: There is high prevalence of neck pain among students and striking associations with female sex, use of electronic devices and mental health problems.

Resumo Objetivos: Determinar a prevalência de lombalgia e analisar a associação com variáveis individuais e sociodemográficas, dispositivos eletrônicos, prática habitual de atividade física e problemas de saúde mental. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 1.628 alunos matriculados em escolas públicas na cidade de Bauru/SP. Para a coleta de dados: 1. aspectos demográficos e socioeconômicos; 2. dispositivos eletrônicos; 3. nível habitual de atividade física (Baecke); 3. saúde mental (SDQ); 4. Lombalgia (Questionário Nórdico). Foram usadas análises descritivas e de regressão logística bivariada e multivariada. Resultados: A prevalência geral de lombalgia foi 46,7% (IC de 95%: 44,27 a 49,11), os homens mostraram uma prevalência de 42,0% (IC de 95%: 36,63 a 43,41) e as mulheres mostraram uma prevalência de 58,0% (IC de 95%: 49,73 a 56,51), com diferença significativa. As variáveis associadas a dor na região lombar inferior foram: sexo feminino (RP = 1,70), tempo de uso de TV acima de 3 horas por dia (RP = 1,17), uso de notebook (RP = 1,40), uso de celular na posição supina (RP = 1,23), uso de celular na posição semissupina (RP = 1,49), tempo de uso de celular acima de 3 horas por dia (RP = 1,36), uso de tablet (RP = 1,67), tempo de uso de tablet acima de 3 horas por dia (RP = 1,46) e problemas de saúde mental clinicamente importantes (RP = 2,62). Conclusão: Há alta prevalência de lombalgia em alunos do ensino médio e forte associação ao sexo feminino, dispositivos eletrônicos e problemas de saúde mental.

Abstract Objectives: To determine the prevalence of low back pain and to analyze the association with the individual, sociodemographic variables, electronic devices, habitual practice of physical activity, and mental health problems. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1,628 students in public schools in the city of Bauru, SP, Brazil. The following data were collected: 1. demographic and socioeconomic aspects; 2. Use of electronic devices; 3. habitual physical activity level (Baecke); 3. mental health (SDQ). 4. low back pain (Nordic Questionnaire). Descriptive analyzes and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used. Results: The overall prevalence of low back pain was 46.7% (95% CI: 44.27 to 49.11); men showed a prevalence of 42.0% (95% CI: 36.63 to 43.41) and women 58.0% (95% CI: 49.73 to 56.51), a statistically significant difference. The variables associated with pain in the low back region were: female gender (PR = 1.70), daily TV use for more than 3 hours (PR = 1.17), use of laptop computer (PR = 1.40), use of the cell phone in the supine position (PR = 1.23), use of the cell phone in semi-supine position (PR = 1.49), daily cell phone use for more than 3 hours (PR = 1.36), use of tablet (PR = 1.67), daily tablet use for more than above 3 hours (PR = 1.46), and clinically important mental health problems (PR = 2.62). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of low back pain in high school students and striking association with female sex, electronic devices, and mental health problems.

RESUMO A dor musculoesquelética no ombro é considerada uma das causas mais prevalentes de dor e incapacidade em adultos. O objetivo foi verificar a prevalência de dor no ombro e fatores correlacionados em adultos de 20 anos ou mais em estudo transversal com 600 indivíduos entrevistados por meio de questionários que identificaram: (1) caracterização dos participantes; (2) nível de atividade física; (3) morbidades relatadas; e (4) sintomas musculoesqueléticos. Foram realizadas análises descritiva, bivariada e de Poisson. A prevalência de dor no ombro foi de 24% (IC 20,3%-27,5%). Ter 60 anos ou mais (PR=2.14; 1.33-2.45); ser do sexo feminino (PR=1.92; 1.29-285); usar o computador mais de três vezes por semana (PR=1.55; 1.01-2.32); trabalhar em posição sentada (PR=1.64; 1.03-2.59); trabalhar de pé, inclinando o corpo para a frente (PR=1.54; 1.00-2.37); e relatar duas ou mais morbidades (PR=3.31; 1.97-5.57) foram indicadores de dor no ombro. O estudo revelou alta prevalência de dor no ombro e uma forte relação com ser mulher, ter idade maior que 60 anos, usar o computador mais de três vezes por semana, executar atividades ocupacionais sentado ou de pé, inclinando o corpo para a frente, e relatar duas ou mais doenças.

ABSTRACT Musculoskeletal pain in the shoulder is considered one of the most prevalent causes of pain and disability in adults. To verify the prevalence of shoulder pain and correlated factors in adults aged 20 years or older in cross-sectional study with 600 individuals interviewed through questionnaires: (1) participants characterization; (2) level of physical activity; (3) reported morbidities; and (4) musculoskeletal symptoms. Descriptive, bivariate, and Poisson regression analyses were performed. The prevalence of pain in the shoulder was 24% (CI 20.3%-27.5%). Being 60 years or older (PR=2.14; 1.33-2.45), female (PR=1.92; 1.29-285), using the computer more than three times a week (PR=1.55; 1.01-2.32), working in a sitting position (PR=1.64; 1.03-2.59), standing up leaning the body forward (PR=1.54; 1.00-2.37), and reporting two or more morbidities (PR=3.31; 1.97-5.57) were all indicators of shoulder pain. This study discloses a high prevalence of shoulder pain and a strong relation with women, age, those who use the computer more than three times a week, those who execute occupational activities sitting and standing up leaning the body forward, and those who report two or more diseases.

RESUMEN El dolor musculoesquelético en el hombro es una de las causas más frecuentes de dolor y discapacidad en adultos. El presente artículo tuvo el objetivo de verificar la prevalencia de dolor de hombro y factores correlacionados en adultos mayores de 20 años. Estudio transversal con 600 individuos entrevistados mediante cuestionarios que han identificado: (1) caracterización de los participantes; (2) nivel de actividad física; (3) morbilidades reportadas; y (4) síntomas musculoesqueléticos. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, bivariados y de Poisson. La prevalencia del dolor de hombro fue del 24% (IC 20,3%-27,5%). Los indicadores de dolor del hombro fueron: tener 60 años o más (PR=2.14; 1.33-2.45); ser mujer (PR=1.92; 1.29-285); usar la computadora más de tres veces por semana (PR=1.55; 1.01-2.32); trabajar en una posición sentada (PR=1.64; 1.03-2.59); trabajar de pie inclinando el cuerpo hacia adelante (PR=1.54; 1.00-2.37); e informar dos o más morbilidades (PR=3.31; 1.97-5.57). El estudio reveló una alta prevalencia de dolor en el hombro y una fuerte relación con ser mujer, mayor de 60 años, usar la computadora más de tres veces por semana, realizar actividades ocupacionales sentado o de pie inclinándose hacia adelante, e informar la existencia de dos o más enfermedades.

Resumo Introdução A prática insuficiente de atividade física associada a alguns fatores relacionados aos hábitos de vida aumenta o risco de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e reduz a qualidade de vida da população. Objetivo Identificar o padrão de atividade física e os fatores associados em adultos de 20 anos ou mais. Método Inquérito populacional, transversal, com 600 indivíduos entrevistados em seus domicílios. Foram coletados os seguintes dados: aspectos demográficos, socioeconômicos, comportamentais, do trabalho e nível de atividade física. Realizaram-se as análises descritiva e bivariada e a regressão de Poisson. Resultados A prevalência de prática insuficiente de atividade física foi de 35% (IC 95%: 31,2-38,9). O nível educacional de 0 a 4 anos [RP = 2,35; IC95%: 1,07-5,15], o trabalho sentado [RP = 1,52; IC95%: 1,02-2,48] e o número de dias no computador [RP = 4,60; IC95%: 2,38-14,28] permaneceram no modelo final para o sexo feminino. Para o sexo masculino, permaneceram: o nível educacional de 0 a 4 anos [RP = 2,30; IC95%: 1,21-4,06] ou o de 5 a 8 anos [RP = 3,70; IC95%: 0,79-4,00], o trabalho sentado [RP = 2,22; IC95%: 1,36-3,62], o número de dias no computador [RP = 2,04; IC95%: 1,26-3,32] e o número de dias na TV [RP = 2,12; IC95%: 1,03-4,36]. Conclusão Houve elevada prevalência de prática insuficiente de atividade física e associação com nível de escolaridade, trabalho sentado e número de dias no computador e na TV.

Abstract Background Insufficient practice of physical activity associated with some factors related to life habits increase the risk of non-transmissible chronic diseases and reduce quality of life. Objective Identify the pattern of physical activity and associated factors in adults aged ≥20 years. Method A cross-sectional, population survey conducted with 600 individuals. Data on demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral aspects, work, and physical activities were collected through home interviews. Descriptive, bivariate and Poisson regression analyses were performed. Results Prevalence of insufficient physical activity was 35.0% (95% CI: 31.2-38.9). Zero to four years of schooling [PR=2.35; 95% CI: 1.07-5.15], working in sitting position [PR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.02-2.48], and number of days at the computer [PR=4.60; 95% CI: 2.38-14.28] remained in the final model for females, whereas 0-4 years [PR=2.30; 95% CI: 1.21-4.06] or 5-8 years [PR=3.70; 95% CI: 0.79-4.00] of schooling, working in sitting position [PR=2.22 95% CI: 1.36-3.62], number of days at the computer [PR=2.04; 95% CI: 1.26-3.32], and number of days of TV viewing [PR=2.12; 95% CI: 1.03-4.36] remained in the final model for males. Conclusion High prevalence of insufficient practice of physical activity is associated with schooling, working in sitting position, and number of days at the computer and TV viewing.