ABSTRACT. This is the first documented register of a Versicolored Emerald (Amazilia versicolor) in the Central Department, Paraguay, in 2018. There was a written register from the year 1920, but without photographic evidence. The observation was made on May 30th, 2018, with an adult being photographed and filmed at the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences of the National University of Asunción. This finding took place at approximately 95 km west from the species´ known distribution, which probably makes the observed individual an accidental visitor.

RESUMEN. Se documentó por primera vez la presencia de un picaflor esmeralda (Amazilia versicolor) en el Departamento Central del Paraguay, en el año 2018. Ya existía un registro escrito del año 1920, pero sin evidencia fotográfica. La observación se realizó el 30 de mayo del 2018, lográndose fotografiar y filmar un individuo adulto en la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción. El hallazgo se produce a aproximadamente 95 km al oeste de su distribución conocida, por lo que el individuo observado probablemente fue un visitante accidental.

RESUMO A durabilidade de estruturas de concreto armado é altamente dependente das características do concreto de cobrimento das armaduras e sua espessura. O fracasso na obtenção do cobrimento é o fator de maior influência na corrosão prematura de armaduras que, por sua vez, é a principal forma de deterioração de estruturas de concreto armado. Pesquisas indicam que o cobrimento projetado não tem sido alcançado nas atuais obras que adotam esta solução estrutural, tratando-se de um problema crônico e não esporádico. Uma das causas observadas para falha na obtenção do cobrimento mínimo normalizado é o uso incorreto de espaçadores e a utilização de espaçadores inadequados. Isso se agrava pela falta de uma norma brasileira que regulamente o produto e seu uso e, consequentemente, a falta de certificação de qualidade pelo órgão responsável. Tendo como foco os espaçadores, foram propostos requisitos e critérios de desempenho, assim como métodos para avaliação dos mesmos, sendo a maioria compilada e adaptada de normas internacionais. Em seguida, alguns espaçadores disponíveis no mercado foram efetivamente testados segundo a metodologia proposta. Nenhum modelo de espaçador provou-se satisfatório segundo a abordagem de desempenho estabelecida. Entretanto, para cada um dos critérios e métodos de avaliação propostos houve pelo menos um modelo de espaçador do mercado que os satisfez, de modo que se pode afirmar que os critérios e métodos são adequados para avaliação de desempenho de espaçadores. Diante da diversidade de modelos e de desempenho dos espaçadores ofertados, ficou comprovada a necessidade de uma norma brasileira regulamentadora para este produto, a fim de balizar a qualidade dos espaçadores disponíveis no mercado e eliminar esta variável das causas da não obtenção do correto cobrimento

ABSTRACT The durability of reinforced concrete structures is highly dependent on the characteristics of the concrete cover to reinforcement and its thickness. The failure to obtain cover thickness is the factor with the largest influence on the premature corrosion of the reinforcement, which in turn is the main deterioration form of reinforced concrete structures. Studies indicate that the designed cover is not reached in the current constructions that adopt this structural solution, configuring a chronic, and not a sporadic problem. One of the observed causes for the failure in obtaining the minimum standardized cover is the incorrect use of spacers and the use of inadequate spacers. This is made more serious by the absence of a Brazilian standard to regulate the product and its use and, consequently, the absence of a quality certification from the responsible regulating agency. Focusing on spacers, requirements and performance criteria were proposed, in addition to methods for their assessment, with most being taken and adapted from international standards. Subsequently, some spacers available on the market were effectively tested according to the proposed methodology. No spacer model proved to be satisfactory according to the established performance approach. However, for each criteria and assessment methods proposed, there was, at least, one spacer model at the market which satisfied them, so it can be said that the criteria and methods are suitable for spacers performance evaluation. Faced with the performance diversity of the spacer models on offer, the need for a regulatory Brazilian standard for this product was confirmed in order to delimit the quality of spacers available on the market and to eliminate this variable as one of the causes for not obtaining the correct covering.

In order to evaluate the metabolic and reproductive state of dairy Holstein herds and the main factors affecting their reproductive indicators in Carchi province, Ecuador, a total 150 cows were selected. The main biochemical variables of 73 animals in the rainy season and 77 in the dry season were studied, the main indicators of reproductive efficiency and their relation with the metabolic state were also studied. Factors affecting reproductive indicators were determined by means of a multifactorial analysis of variance, using the Bonferroni test to compare the means. In the rainy and dry season, increases in beta-hydroxybutyrate were diagnosed in 68.4 % and 71% of the samples in relation to critical limits and blood urea nitrogen in 30 % and 33 % of them, poor body condition in 56 % and 61% of the animals and low concentrations of albumin in 30 and 33 % and phosphorus in 63 and 64.3% of the samples in each period of the year. The 70% of the animals showed calcium deficiency in the dry season. Cows had in very bad condition the reproductive indicators and body condition influenced (P <0.001) at conception calving and intrapartum intervals and gestational services, as well as (P <0.01) at first-service calving and interestral intervals. The state of beta-hydroxybutyrate (P <0.01) and the three-month period in which the artificial insemination (P <0.05) was performed were also influenced on these reproductive parameters. It is concluded that in the studied herds are deficiencies of energy, protein and phosphorus with poor reproductive performance, in which beta-hydroxybutyrate, body condition and the trimester of the year in which artificial insemination is performed are significantly influenced

Para evaluar el estado metabólico y reproductivo de rebaños Holstein lecheros y los factores principales que inciden en sus indicadores reproductivos en la provincia del Carchi, Ecuador se seleccionaron 150 vacas. Se estudiaron las principales variables bioquímicas de 73 animales en el período lluvioso y 77 en el poco lluvioso, los principales indicadores de eficiencia reproductiva y su relación con el estado metabólico. Se determinaron los factores que inciden en los indicadores reproductivos mediante un análisis de varianza multifactorial, con la aplicación de la prueba de Bonferroni para comparar las medias. En el período lluvioso y poco lluvioso, se diagnosticaron aumentos del betahidroxibutirato en 68.4 y 71 % de las muestras en relación con los límites críticos y del nitrógeno ureico en sangre en 30 y 33 % de ellas, mala condición corporal en 56 y 61 % de los animales y bajas concentraciones de albúmina en 30 y 33 % y de fósforo en 63 y 64.3% de las muestras en cada período del año. El 70 % de los animales mostró deficiencia de calcio en la época poco lluviosa. Las vacas tenían deteriorados los indicadores reproductivos y la condición corporal influyó (P < 0.001) en los intervalos parto concepción e interpartal y los servicios por gestación, así como (P < 0.01) en los intervalos parto primer servicio e interestral. También influyeron en esos parámetros reproductivos el estado del betahidroxibutirato (P < 0.01) y el trimestre en que se efectuó la insemnación artificial (P < 0.05). Se concluye que en los rebaños estudiados existen deficiencias de energía, proteínas y fósforo con pobre comportamiento reproductivo, en el que influyen significativamente el betahidroxibutirato, la condición corporal y el trimestre del año en que se realiza la inseminación artificial

RESUMOUma vez que a durabilidade das estruturas está diretamente relacionada à espessura de cobrimento da armadura, é imprescindível que o cobrimento mínimo normatizado seja garantido durante a execução da estrutura. Entretanto, pesquisas comprovam que o cobrimento não está sendo alcançado. Dentre as razões para isto, aponta-se a falta de indicações nos projetos estruturais do posicionamento dos espaçadores. Esta situação se agrava pela falta de normatização e regulamentação do uso (quantidades mínimas e disposição necessárias) dos mesmos. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar três diferentes distâncias entre espaçadores e dois distanciamentos entre pontos de amarração a fim de analisar a influência destes fatores no cobrimento das armaduras. Para isto, foram concretadas lajes in loco com diferentes combinações. Após a desfôrma, os cobrimentos foram medidos com auxílio de um pacômetro digital. Constatou-se que os fatores estudados influenciam significativamente no cobrimento final.

ABSTRACTGiven that the durability of structures is directly related to the thickness of the cover to reinforcement, it is essential to ensure minimum cover is achieved when building a structure. However, studies show that this is not always the case. One of the reasons for the this problem is the lack of indication, in structural projects, of the positioning of spacers. This situation is compounded by the lack of standards and regulations on the use of spacers (i.e. minimum quantities and required layout). This study assesses three different spacer distances and two different tying distances in order to examine the influence of these factors in the cover to reinforcement. To achieve so, three slabs were prepared in situ using different arrangements. After demoulding, cover thickness was determined using a digital covermeter. It was observed that the factors investigated have a significant influence in the final cover.

The green mussel Perna viridis has been used as a sentinel organism in marine and coastal ecosystem health assessments. In this study the degree of contamination at three sites on the coast of Sucre State (Venezuela) was analyzed using molecular, cellular, and immunological biomarkers in P. viridis. Specimens were collected from Chacopata-Guayacán (CG, Araya Peninsula), Río Caribe (RC, Paria Peninsula), and San Antonio del Golfo (SAG, southern Gulf of Cariaco). We determined the concentration of heavy metals in the soft tissue of each individual, as well as the total number, viability, phagocytosis, and stability of the lysosomal membranes in hemocytes. The oxidative damage to lipids (TBARS), sulfhydryl group levels, total proteins, and lysozyme activity were quantified in the digestive gland. The results revealed high concentrations of Zn, Cr, and Cd in the organisms from CG. The total hemolymph cell count was lower in organisms from RC and CG. A slight increase in the number of phagocytes was observed in the organisms from RC and CG relative to those from SAG. The highest percentage of hemocytes with destabilized lysosomal membranes was recorded for the organisms from CG, followed by RC, indicating a weak association with the content of peroxidized lipids (TBARS); these values could be associated with the body loads of heavy metals. According to the results, the mussels from CG show slight signs of contamination by heavy metals, likely originated by human activities. The use of biological markers to estimate the effect of heavy metals on sentinel organisms is recommended.

El mejillón verde Perna viridis ha sido usado como organismo biosensor de la salud de ecosistemas marino-costeros. Por tal motivo se procedió a evaluar el grado de contaminación de tres localidades costeras del estado Sucre (Venezuela) determinando biomarcadores a nivel molecular, celular e inmunológico en P. viridis. Los ejemplares fueron recolectados en las localidades de Chacopata-Guayacán (CG, península de Araya), Río Caribe (RC, península de Paria) y San Antonio del Golfo (SAG, región sur del golfo de Cariaco). Se determinó la carga de metales pesados en el tejido blando de cada individuo. Además, se valoró el número total, la viabilidad, la fagocitosis y la estabilidad de las membranas lisosomales en los hemocitos. El daño oxidativo de lípidos (TBARS), los niveles de grupos sulfhídrilos, las proteínas totales y la actividad de la lisozima fueron cuantificados en la glándula digestiva. Los resultados evidencian altas concentraciones de Zn, Cr y Cd en organismos provenientes de CG. El número de células totales en hemolinfa fue menor en los organismos de RC y CG. En estas últimas zonas los mejillones presentaron un ligero incremento en número de fagocitos con respecto a SAG. El mayor porcentaje de hemocitos con membranas lisosomales desestabilizadas fue encontrado en los organismos de CG, seguido de RC, evidenciándose una débil asociación con el contenido de lípidos peroxidados (TBARS); estos valores podrían tener correspondencia con la acumulación corporal de metales pesados. Los resultados revelan que los mejillones de CG muestran ligeros indicios de contaminación por metales pesados, originados presumiblemente por actividades antropogénicas. Esta investigación sugiere la utilidad de marcadores biológicos destinados a estimar el impacto de metales pesados en organismos centinelas.

Objective: To assess the validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) by applying it to children and adolescents living in Salvador, Bahia. Methods: The validity of this FFQ with 98 food items was investigated among 108 children and adolescents who were selected from a sample of 1445 that had been planned for a study on the risk factors for asthma and other allergic diseases. The adults responsible for these children and adolescents gave responses for a 24-hour recall (R24h) and an FFQ. The average energy and nutrient values from the FFQ were compared with those from the R24h by means of the paired t test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The concordance was evaluated using the Bland-Altman method and kappa statistics. Results: The energy and nutrient intake estimated using the FFQ was significantly higher than what was obtained using the R24h. The correlation coefficients adjusted for energy were statistically significant for protein, fat, vitamin C and zinc. The weighted kappa values ranged from 0.06 for vitamin A (p = 0.24) to 0.34 for energy (p < 0.00). The results from the Bland-Altman plots for lipid, protein and zinc showed the most significant validity parameters, and zinc was found to show the best concordance. Conclusion: The results suggest that the FFQ showed satisfactory validity for use in studies involving children and adolescents.

Objetivo: Evaluar la validez de un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos (QFA) aplicándolo a niños y adolescentes residentes en Salvador, Bahía. Métodos: Se investigó la validez de este QFA con 98 ítems de alimentos en 108 niños y adolescentes seleccionados a partir de una muestra de 1.445 planificados para un estudio sobre los factores de riesgo para asma y otras enfermedades alérgicas. Los adultos responsables de estos niños y adolescentes proporcionaron respuestas para un recuerdo de 24 horas (R24h) y el QFA. Los valores promedio de energía y nutrientes procedentes del QFA se compararon con los del R24h mediante una prueba t de student y los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson. La concordancia se evaluó usando el método de Bland-Altman y el estadístico kappa. Resultados: El consumo estimado de energía y nutrientes usando el QFA fue significativamente superior que el obtenido usando el R24h. Los coeficientes de correlación ajustados para la energía fueron estadísticamente significativos para proteínas, grasas, vitamina C y cinc. Los valores ponderados por kappa variaron desde 0,06 para la vitamina A (p = 0,24) hasta 0,34 para la energía (p < 0,00). Los resultados de las gráficas de Bland-Altman para los lípidos, proteínas y cinc mostraron los parámetros más significativos para la validez y se halló que el cinc tenía la mejor concordancia. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que el QFA mostró una validez satisfactoria para ser usado en estudios con niños y adolescentes.

A cultura da cebola vem se mostrando altamente suscetível ao ataque de Phytophthora nicotianae, com danos econômicos e alto custo de produção pelo uso excessivo de produtos químicos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a dependência espacial do patógeno por meio da Geoestatística e em seguida, testar a resistência de cultivares de cebola sob sistema convencional de cultivo ao fungo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no campus da FCAV-UNESP. Para detectar a presença do fungo nas amostras de solo, foram coletadas e processadas em laboratório onde, discos de folhas de limão Siciliano (Citrus limonum) foram utilizados como "iscas" na suspensão do solo para contagem desses discos infectados. Logo após, na mesma unidade experimental, avaliou-se treze cultivares (Dom Victor, BZ 21; Princesa, Taiko, Óptima, BZ 50, Mercedes, Sunset, Duquesa, Gobi, Sirius, Colina e Superex) de cebola, num experimento com delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram feitas avaliações semanais, do transplantio até a colheita. Pelo modelo de semivariograma isotrópico esférico ajustado aos dados, os resultados demonstraram não haver dependência espacial, revelando que a área apresentava uma distribuição agregada do patógeno. Com o mapeamento pelo método de Krigagem ordinário em blocos, verificou-se maior incidência do fungo, entre os três primeiros canteiros localizados na baixadas, com uma redução gradual para o restante que apresentou menor declividade na área. Dentre as cultivares avaliadas quanto à resistência ao fungo - Mercedes, Princesa e Duquesa são altamente suscetíveis, e as demais, demonstraram baixa suscetibilidade ao patógeno nessa primeira avaliação de campo.

Onion culture has demonstrated to be highly susceptible to Phytophthora nicotianae with economic damages and high crop costs due to the excessive use of chemical products. The present work has as objective to evaluate the spatial dependence of pathogen by Geostatistic and after that, to test the resistance of onion cultivars to this disease under conventional crop. The experiments were conducted at FCAV/UNESP. Soil samples were collected and processed at the laboratory in relation to pathogen, presence through the count of disks of Sicilian lemon infected of the solution of the soil. Immediately after that, at the same experimental unit, thirteen onion cultivars (Dom Victor, BZ 21; Princesa, Taiko, Óptima, BZ 50, Mercedes, Sunset, Duquesa, Gobi, Sirius, Colina e Superex) were analysed in a randomized blocks design with four repetitions. Weekly evaluations were effectuated, from transplanting to harvest. By spherical isotropic semivariogram model, results demonstrated no spatial dependence, revealing that the area presented uniform distribution of the pathogen. With the mapping incidence by Krigage method in blocks, it was verified higher incidence of fungi between the first three patches of lower place, being sequenced reduced with area declivity. No cultivar evaluated presented resistance to the pathogen. It's detached that - Mercedes, Princesa and Duquesa cultivars are highly susceptible, and the others demonstrated low susceptibility to the pathogen in that first field evaluation.

Objetivos: este estudio investigó el efecto de la adición de nitratos en la dieta sobre la mortalidad de pollos broiler. Materiales y métodos: se utilizaron 100 pollos de estirpe ross de un día de nacidos, divididos aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos. Se cuantificó el contenido de nitratos en el pienso comercial y el agua de bebida por una técnica colorimétrica basada en la nitridación del ácido sulfúrico. Los sujetos experimentales de los cuatro grupos recibieron pienso y agua ad libitum en las cantidades recomendadas para pollos broiler. Los animales de tres de los grupos recibieron nitrato de sodio adicional en el agua de bebida. La adición de nitrato fue 1, 2 ó 3 veces la concentración hallada en el pienso. Resultados: la adición de nitrato en el agua de bebida resultó en aumento de la mortalidad en relación dosis dependiente con la concentración adicionada. El análisis patológico realizado el último día del ciclo a los animales sobrevivientes de cada uno de los grupos experimentales demostró que aquellos expuestos a las mayores adiciones de nitrato presentaron lesiones compatibles con el síndrome ascítico. Adicionalmente, los hallazgos de necropsia en los animales que fallecieron durante el experimento mostraron lesiones compatibles con enfermedades infecciosas y con la enfermedad de edema aviar. Conclusiones: los resultados de este estudio sugieren que el consumo de nitratos representa un factor determinante para el aumento de la mortalidad en las explotaciones avícolas.

Aim: This study investigated the effect on broiler chickens mortality by addition of nitrate intake.Materials and methods: One hundred (100), one day old ross chickens were used, and randomly assigned into 4 groups. The nitrate contents in food and drinking water was quantified by means of a colorimetric technique based on the sulfuric acid nitridation. The recommended amount of food for broiler chickens and water ad libitum were delivered for the animals of the four (4) experimental groups. Sodium nitrate was added in the drinking water for the animals of groups 1, 2, and 3. The nitrate added in water was 1, 2 and 3 times the nitrate concentration found in food. Results: The additional nitrate intake showed a dose-dependent mortality increase. Pathological study was done on the last day of the cycle for the surviving animals from each one of the experimental groups. This showed that the animals exposed to higher intake of nitrate had lesions compatible with ascitic syndrome. Additionally, necropsy findings during the experiment were compatible with infectious pathologies and avian edema disease. Conclusions: results from this study suggest that nitrate intake is a determinant factor in the avian mortality increase.

O presente trabalho avaliou a microbiota do ouvido médio e os perfis de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos de cepas isoladas de cães com otite média. Um total de 62 cães obtidos no Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Fortaleza Ceará / Brasil foram estudados no período de 10 meses (agosto/2003 a junho/2004). Do total de animais, 46.8% (n=30) foram positivos para otite media e a infecção envolvida era monomicrobiana em 76,6% dos casos. Os agentes isolados com maior frequência foram Staphylococcus coagulase-positiva (CPS-55%) e Pseudomonas sp (10%). Considerando-se S. intermedius (n=13) e S. aureus subsp aureus (n=9), respectivamente, as mais elevadas taxas resistência foram observadas frente a: penicilina G (30,76% e 44,44%), ampicilina (7,69% e 44,44%), eritromicina (23,07% e 44,44%), clindamicina (23,07% e 44,44%) e trimetropim/sulfametoxazol (15,38% e 33,33%).

This study evaluated the middle ear microbiota and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from strains isolated from dogs with otitis media. A total of 62 dogs obtained from Zoonoses Control Center of Fortaleza City Ceará State / Brazil were studied over a 10-month period (August/2003 to June/2004). Of the total, 46.8% (n=30) of the animals were positive for otitis media and the infection was monomicrobial in 76.6% of them. The most frequent isolated agents were coagulase-positive Staphylococci (CPS-55%) and Pseudomonas sp (10%). For S. intermedius (n=13) and S. aureus subsp aureus (n=9), respectively, the greater resistance rates were observed using penicillin G (30.76% and 44.44%), ampicillin (7.69% and 44.44%), erythromycin (23.07% and 44.44%), clindamycin (23.07% and 44.44%) and thrimethropim/sulfamethoxazol (15.38% and 33.33%).

Sequences of increasing size atom centered basis sets of Gaussian-type functions for the ground state of the CS molecule are generated with the molecular improved generator coordinate Hartree-Fock (HF) method. At the HF level, total and orbital energies and electric dipole moment and, at the second-order Mphiller-Plesset (MP2) level, correlation and dissociation energies and electric dipole moment were calculated and compared with the results obtained with other Gaussian basis sets reported in the literature. Considering our largest basis set, the HF energy is in error by 56.2 µhartree and the second order correlation energy corresponds to ~ 80% of an estimate of the limiting value. At the MP2 level, the dipole moment and the dissociation energy computed with our largest basis set are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental values. The CS molecule is considered a prototype for systems containing atoms from different rows of the periodic table.

The capacity of activated carbons obtained from different raw materials, such as sugarcane bagasse, babassu (Orbygnia speciosa), and coconut (Cocus nucifera) shells, to remove residual chlorine is studied. The influence of particle size and time of contact between particles of activated carbon and the chlorinated solution were taken into account. The adsorptive properties of the activated carbons were measured by gas adsorption (BET method), using an ASAP 2010 porosimeter, and liquid phase adsorption, employing iodine and methylene blue adsorbates. The activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse was the only adsorbent capable of removing 100% of the residual chlorine.

Os autores observaram exemplares de Biomphalaria glabrata subindo contra corrente em uma parede vertical de uma vala, constatando que os caramujos que apresentavam esse comportamento durante a aplicação de miluscicida neste criadouro sobreviveram e, provavelmente, tiveram papel de repovoamento, que foi observado três meses após. Essas observações suscitaram investigações de campo e de laboratório, através das quais concluiram que: a) esta espécie é capaz de subir em superfícies verticais em situações de campo e de laboratório; b) a corrente da água enquanto estímulo físico, é suficiente para desencadear esse comportamento (reotaxia); c) a reotaxia em superfícies verticais depende da existência de uma corrente de água necessariamente moderada; d) há indícios de que B. glabrata sofra habituação em relação à reotaxia em paredes verticais; e) a reotoxia em superfiícies verticais pode facilitar a dispersão das populações, devendo sua ocorrência ser considerada no planejamento das campanhas de controle da transmissão da esquistossomose. Os autores apresentam propostas para evitar a manifestação desse comportamento em algumas situações de campo; f) a relação entre a reotaxia e habituação deve ser considerada um fator de agrupamento dos caramujos nas coleções d'água, que pode contribuir para sua localização.

The authors observed specimens of Biomphalaria glabrata climbing up the vertical wall of a ditch against the current. The snails that showed this behavior during application of a molluscicide in the breeding site survived and probably played a role in repopulation, which was observed three months later. These observations motivated field and laboratory investigations which led the authors to conclude that: a) this species is able to climb vertical surfaces both in field and laboratory situations; b) the current of water, as a physical stimulus, is sufficient to trigger this behavior (rheotaxis); c) rheotaxis on vertical surfaces depends on the presence of a necessarily moderate current; d) there are indications that B. glabrata may undergo habituation with respect to rheotaxis on vertical walls, e) the relationship between rheotaxis and habituation should be considered as a factor causing snail grouping in water bodies which may contribute to their localization in the field; f) rheotaxis on vertical surfaces may facilitate population dispersal, and its occurrence should be considered when campaigns for the control of schistosomiasis transmission are planned. The authors present some proposals to avoid the manifestation of this behavior in some filed situations.

Plantas de soja, cv. Santa Rosa e cv. UFV-1 foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva até a produção de vagens quando foram colhidas e analisadas. A variedade Santa Rosa mostrou-se menos exigente em N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn; a exigência de S foi igual e a de Cl maior que a da cv. UFV-1.

Macro and micronutrients were determined in the various organs of two soybean cultivars grown in nutrient solution until the period of pod filling. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) there are striking differences between the two cultivars with respect of composition, total absorption and proportion of elements in the pods; (2) Santa Rosa showed higher efficiency for utilization of N, P and K for yield formation.