RESUMO Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff, 1893) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) é um parasitoide adulto de lepidópteros-praga, e a idade do hospedeiro exerce forte infuência sobre sua reprodução. Objetivou-se avaliar as características biológicas de T. howardi criado em pupas de Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, [1858]) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) de diferentes idades. Para tanto, pupas com 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 ou 168 horas de idade foram expostas ao parasitismo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos (idade de pupa) e 10 repetições, sendo que cada repetição foi constituída por cinco pupas individualizadas com uma fêmea do parasitoide nas respectivas idades. Tetrastichus howardi parasitou e emergiu em pupas de todas as idades avaliadas. A duração do ciclo (ovo-adulto) em dias, número de parasitoides emergidos por pupa (progênie), progênie por fêmea, razão sexual do parasitoide e longevidade de adultos foram semelhantes. Este é o primeiro registro de T. howardi se reproduzindo em pupas de C. includens em condições de laboratório. O maior parasitismo e desenvolvimento de T. howardi foi obtido em pupas de C. includens com 24 a 96 horas, sendo essa faixa etária favorável para a criação desse parasitoide em condições de laboratório.

ABSTRACT Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff, 1893) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an adult parasitoid of lepidopteran pests, and the age of the host has a strong influence on its reproduction. This study aimed to evaluate the biological characteristics of T. howardi reared on different aged pupae of Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, [1858]) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). For that, pupae with 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 or 168 h of age were exposed to parasitism. The experimental design was completely randomized, with seven treatments (pupal age) and ten replications, with each replication consisting of five pupae individualized with one female parasitoid at the respective ages. Tetrastichus howardi parasitized and emerged in pupae of all the evaluated ages. The duration of the cycle (egg-adult) in days, number of parasitoids that emerged per pupa (progeny), progeny per female, sex ratio of the parasitoid and longevity of adults were similar. This is the first record of T. howardi reproducing in C. includens pupae under laboratory conditions. The highest parasitism and development of T. howardi was obtained in 24-to 96-hour-old pupae of C. includens, indicating that this age range is more favorable to rear this parasitoid under laboratory conditions.

ABSTRACT Syphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. The diagnosis is based on clinical data and serological analysis; however, the sensitivity and specificity of such tests may vary depending on the type of test and stage of the infection. In order to overcome this premise, this study utilized the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of T. pallidum DNA in whole blood samples of patients with syphilis. The blood samples from patients with or without symptoms of syphilis, but with positive results in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were included in this study. A venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test was performed for all collected sera samples. For PCR, the T. pallidum DNA was extracted from the collected blood samples and a specific primer set was designed to amplify 131 nucleotides of polA (Tp0105). The specificity of the primers was evaluated with the DNA of 17 different pathogens. From a total of 314 blood samples reactive in ELISA, 58.2% (183/314) of the samples were reactive in the VDRL test. In the PCR, 54% (168/314) of the ELISA-reactive samples were positive. In both tests (VDRL and PCR) 104 samples were positive. Of 104 positive samples for both tests, 71 were at the latent stage. Based on these results, it can be concluded that PCR with the designed set of primers can be utilized as a diagnostic method for T. pallidum detection in blood samples of patients with syphilis, especially those with latent infection. In addition, it can be utilized as a supplement for serological methods to improve the diagnosis of syphilis.

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional observational study that describes the epidemiological data of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Mato Grosso do Sul State, aimed to demonstrate the differences between indigenous and non-indigenous populations, characterize confirmed cases of COVID-19 according to risk factors related to ethnicity, comorbidities and their evolution and to verify the challenges in facing the disease in Brazil. SIVEP-Gripe and E-SUS-VE, a nationwide surveillance database in Brazil, from March 2020 to March 2021 in Mato Grosso do Sul state, were used to compare survivors and non-survivors from indigenous and non-indigenous populations and the epidemiological incidence curves of these populations. A total of 176,478, including 5,299 indigenous people, were confirmed. Among the indigenous population, 52.5% (confidence interval [CI] 51.2-53.9) were women, 38% (CI 36.7-39.4) were 20-39 years old, 56.7% were diagnosed by rapid antibody tests, 12.3% (CI 95%:11.5-13.2) had at least one comorbidity, and 5.3% (CI 95%:4.7–5.9) were hospitalized. In the non-indigenous patients, 56.8% were confirmed using RT-PCR, 4.4% (CI 95%:4.3-4.5) had at least one comorbidity, and 8.0% (CI 95%:7.9-8.2) were hospitalized. The majority of non-survivors were ≥60 years old (65.1% indigenous vs. 74.1% non-indigenous). The mortality in indigenous people was more than three times higher (11% vs. 2.9%). Indigenous people had a lower proportion of RT-PCR diagnoses; deaths were more frequent in younger patients and were less likely to be admitted to hospital. Mass vaccination may have controlled the incidence and mortality associated with COVID-19 in this population during the period of increased viral circulation.

Resumo O tema infecções entéricas sexualmente transmissíveis é um dos capítulos que compõem o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Atenção Integral às Pessoas com Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, publicado pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil em 2020. Tal documento foi elaborado com base em evidências científicas e validado em discussões com especialistas. Este artigo apresenta aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos relacionados a essas infecções, bem como orientações para os gestores quanto ao seu manejo programático e operacional. Objetiva-se auxiliar os profissionais de saúde na triagem, diagnóstico e tratamento das pessoas com infecções entéricas sexualmente transmissíveis e suas parcerias sexuais, além de subsidiar estratégias para ações de vigilância, prevenção e controle desses agravos.

Abstract The topic of sexually transmitted enteric infections is one of the chapters of the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. The document was developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects related to these infections, as well as guidance for service managers on their programmatic and operational management. The aim is to assist health professionals with screening, diagnosis and treatment of people with sexually transmitted enteric infections and their sexual partners, in addition to supporting strategies for their surveillance, prevention and control.

Resumen El tema de las infecciones entéricas de transmisión sexual es uno de los capítulos del Protocolo Clínico y Directrices Terapéuticas para Atención Integral a las Personas con Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, publicado por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil en 2020. El documento fue desarrollado en base a evidencia científica y validado en discusiones con especialistas. Este artículo presenta aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos relacionados a esas infecciones, así como pautas para los administradores en cuanto a su gestión programática y operativa. El objetivo es ayudar el personal de salud en la detección, diagnóstico y tratamiento de personas con infecciones entéricas de transmisión sexual y sus parejas sexuales, además de contribuir con estrategias para acciones de monitoreo epidemiológico, prevención y control de esas enfermedades.

ABSTRACT Syphilis, an infectious disease considered a global public health concern, can cause stillbirths and neonatal deaths. This highlights the importance of continuous surveillance studies among women of reproductive age. A cross-sectional study was carried out to analyze the prevalence and risk factors associated with Treponema pallidum infection in women assisted by primary health care units in Dourados, a city located in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, which borders Paraguay. A questionnaire was applied to a population-based sample, blood samples were collected for syphilis testing and multivariable analyses were performed to screen associations with T. pallidum infection. The prevalence of T. pallidum infection was 6.04%. Bivariate analysis showed that women referring multiple sexual partners (c2: 6.97 [p=0.014]), income less 2 minimal wages (c2: 15.93 [p=0.003]), who did not have high school (c2: 12.64 [p=0.005]), and reporting history of STIs (c2: 7.30 [p=0.018]) are more likely to have syphilis. In the multivariate analysis, a highest prevalence ratio was observed in women with income less than 2 minimal wages (PR: 0.96 [95% CI: 0.85 - 0.97]), and who did not have high school (PR: 0.94 [95% CI: 0.90 - 0.98]). In addition, 80% of the women reported irregular use of condoms and 63.89% declared having sexual intercourses with multiple partners, which creates more opportunities for the transmission of the infection. These results highlight the need for healthcare systems to implement initiatives to monitor syphilis screening and the commitment of patients and their sexual partners to the treatment in order to achieve a decrease of new cases.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar quais dimensões estão relacionadas ao estabelecimento de maiores níveis de maturidade digital. Originalidade/valor: Há um volume pequeno de literatura científico-acadêmica, com poucas pesquisas conceituais e empíricas sobre o tema de maturidade digital no Brasil. Esta pesquisa oferecerá subsídios para as empresas no tocante às diversas dimensões que precisam ser enfatizadas pelos gestores, a fim de se atingir uma transformação digital plena e eficaz. Essas informações serão valiosas para apoiar o processo de transformação digital dessas empresas. No contexto acadêmico, o estudo supre uma lacuna relacionada à falta de estudos empíricos mais abrangentes quanto às bases da maturidade digital. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Este estudo avaliou a relação de oito dimensões de capacidade (estratégia, liderança, mercado, operacional, pessoas, cultura, governança e tecnologia) com o desenvolvimento da maturidade digital. Aplicou-se um questionário eletrônico a dirigentes de nível estratégico de empresas brasileiras do setor varejista, situadas em diferentes regiões do Brasil. Obteve-se, ao final, um total de 260 questionários válidos. As respostas foram analisadas com o método de Partial Least Squares (PLS). Resultados: Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que as dimensões estratégia, mercado, operações, cultura e tecnologia são aquelas que estão mais relacionadas ao desenvolvimento da maturidade digital.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The objective of this research was to identify which dimensions are related to the establishment of higher levels of digital maturity. Originality/value: There is little academic scientific literature on digital maturity in Brazil. This research will offer subsidies to companies regarding the different dimensions that need to be emphasized by managers in order to achieve a full and effective digital transformation. This information will be valuable to support the digital transformation process of these companies. The study fills a gap in the academic context related to the lack of more comprehensive empirical studies based on digital maturity. Design/methodology/approach: This study evaluated the relationship of eight dimensions of capacity (strategy, leadership, market, operational, people, culture, governance, and technology) with the development of digital maturity. This survey applied an electronic questionnaire to directors of the strategic level of Brazilian retail sector companies located in different regions of Brazil. At the end, a total of 260 valid questionnaires were obtained. The responses were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. Findings: The research results showed that the strategy, market, operations, culture, and technology dimensions are those that are most related to the development of digital maturity.

Resumo O tema infecções entéricas sexualmente transmissíveis é um dos capítulos que compõem o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Atenção Integral às Pessoas com Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, publicado pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil em 2020. Tal documento foi elaborado com base em evidências científicas e validado em discussões com especialistas. Este artigo apresenta aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos relacionados a essas infecções, bem como orientações para os gestores quanto ao seu manejo programático e operacional. Objetiva-se auxiliar os profissionais de saúde na triagem, diagnóstico e tratamento das pessoas com infecções entéricas sexualmente transmissíveis e suas parcerias sexuais, além de subsidiar estratégias para ações de vigilância, prevenção e controle desses agravos.

Resumen El tema de las infecciones entéricas de transmisión sexual es uno de los capítulos del Protocolo Clínico y Directrices Terapéuticas para Atención Integral a las Personas con Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, publicado por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil en 2020. El documento fue desarrollado en base a evidencia científica y validado en discusiones con especialistas. Este artículo presenta aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos relacionados a esas infecciones, así como pautas para los administradores en cuanto a su gestión programática y operativa. El objetivo es ayudar el personal de salud en la detección, diagnóstico y tratamiento de personas con infecciones entéricas de transmisión sexual y sus parejas sexuales, además de contribuir con estrategias para acciones de monitoreo epidemiológico, prevención y control de esas enfermedades.

Abstract The topic of sexually transmitted enteric infections is one of the chapters of the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. The document was developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects related to these infections, as well as guidance for service managers on their programmatic and operational management. The aim is to assist health professionals with screening, diagnosis and treatment of people with sexually transmitted enteric infections and their sexual partners, in addition to supporting strategies for their surveillance, prevention and control.

Abstract The sexually transmitted enteric infections topic is one of the chapters of the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. The document was developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects of these infections and guidance for service managers on their programmatic and operational management. The aim is to assist health professionals with screening, diagnosis, and treatment of people with sexually transmitted enteric infections and their sexual partners, in addition to supporting strategies for their surveillance, prevention, and control.

Introduction: At the end of 2019, in Hubei, located in Wuhan, China, the new coronavirus emerged, called 2019-nCoV, which causes acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) and transmitted by inhalation, ingestion and / or direct contact of mucous membranes by saliva. Dental surgeons were identified as the professionals most exposed to the risk of being affected by COVID-19, as they produce aerosolized particles in their work capable of contaminating the environment and people. Objective: To guide dentists, for urgent and emergency clinical action, preventive and recommended measures, in order to reduce the risk of infection. Method: Recent search in the PubMed / MEDLINE database, with the keywords: “COVID-19 and Dentistry” and the inclusion criteria were: articles in English, with full online version, free of charge and articles ahead of print. Results: 35 articles were found related to the theme, of which 13 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected. Conclusion: Biosafety practices, measurement of body temperature and adaptation to tests for COVID-19 can be inserted practices, in the dental context, to help in fighting the pandemic.

Introducción: a fines de 2019, en Hubei, ubicado en Wuhan, China, surgió el nuevo coronavirus, llamado 2019-nCoV, que causa el síndrome respiratorio agudo (SARS-CoV-2) y se transmite por inhalación, ingestión y / o Contacto directo de las membranas mucosas con la saliva. Los cirujanos dentales fueron identificados como los profesionales más expuestos al riesgo de ser afectados por COVID-19, ya que en su trabajo producen partículas en aerosol capaces de contaminar el medio ambiente y las personas. Objetivo: Orientar a los dentistas, para acciones clínicas urgentes y de emergencia, medidas preventivas y recomendadas, a fin de reducir el riesgo de infección. Método: Búsqueda reciente en la base de datos PubMed / MEDLINE, con las palabras clave: "COVID-19 y Odontología" y los criterios de inclusión fueron: artículos en inglés, con versión completa en línea, gratuitos y aquellos que aún están disponibles y aquellos que todavía están en rutas de publicación. Resultados: se encontraron 35 artículos relacionados con el tema, de los cuales 13 artículos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y fueron seleccionados. Conclusión: Las prácticas de bioseguridad, la medición de la temperatura corporal y la adaptación a las pruebas para COVID-19 pueden ser prácticas insertadas, en el contexto dental, para ayudar a combatir la pandemia.

Introdução: No final de 2019, em Hubei, localizado em Wuhan, China, surgiu o novo coronavírus, chamado 2019-nCoV, que causa síndrome respiratória aguda (SARS-CoV-2) e transmitido por inalação, ingestão e / ou contato direto das mucosas pela saliva. Os cirurgiões-dentistas foram identificados como os profissionais mais expostos ao risco de serem afetados pelo COVID-19, pois produzem partículas aerossolizadas em seu trabalho, capazes de contaminar o meio ambiente e as pessoas. Objetivo: Orientar os dentistas, para ações clínicas de urgência e emergência, medidas preventivas e recomendadas, a fim de reduzir o risco de infecção. Método: Pesquisa recente no banco de dados PubMed / MEDLINE, com as palavras-chave: “COVID-19 e Odontologia” e os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos em inglês, com versão on-line completa, gratuitamente e aqueles que ainda se encontram em vias de publicação. Resultados: foram encontrados 35 artigos relacionados ao tema, dos quais 13 preencheram os critérios de inclusão e foram selecionados. Conclusão: Práticas de biossegurança, mensuração da temperatura corporal e adaptação aos testes para COVID-19 podem ser práticas inseridas, no contexto odontológico, para auxiliar no combate à pandemia.

Resumo A investigação dos efeitos de um campus universitário sobre a economia local é ainda incipiente no Brasil. Mesmo em nível internacional, são raros estudos que utilizem métodos robustos de estimação desses efeitos e, muito menos, que busquem diferenciá-los ao longo do tempo. Neste artigo avaliam-se os impactos iniciais da política de expansão das universidades federais ocorrida na década de 2000 sobre as economias municipais. Para tanto, partindo de um amplo conjunto de dados socioeconômicos, aplica-se a técnica de pareamento por escore de propensão e, em seguida, estima-se o Efeito Tratamento sobre Tratados pela política. Os resultados indicam que a expansão da rede federal elevou a renda per capita dos municípios beneficiados entre 3,5% e 5,8%, em média, mas que não houve ganho adicional relacionado ao tempo de implantação dos campi. Este padrão sugere que os novos campi foram capazes de gerar um impulso inicial sobre o nível de demanda local, fruto dos gastos envolvidos na implantação e funcionamento, mas sinaliza para uma possível dificuldade em gerar saltos de produtividade normalmente esperados com a implantação dessas estruturas. Neste caso, seria possível buscar um maior retorno desses investimentos a partir da reavaliação dos critérios para criação de novos campi e da melhor focalização das ações daqueles já existentes.

Abstract The investigation of the effects of the implantation of university units on the local development is still incipient in Brazil. Even at the international level, few studies use robust methods to estimate the impacts of these structures, let alone seek to differentiate them over time. This paper evaluates the initial impacts of the federal universities' expansion policy in the 2000s on municipal economies, based on production and income indicators. Based on a broad data set for Brazilian municipalities, we apply the propensity score matching technique and then estimate Treatment Effect on Treated by the policy. The results indicate that the implementation of the new campuses was able to raise the per capita income of the benefited municipalities by 3.5% to 5.8%, on average, but that there was no additional gain from the time of implementation of the campuses. The absence of campus maturation effect points to a difficulty in generating the productivity jumps normally expected with the implementation of these structures. In this case, it would be possible to seek a greater return from these investments by reevaluating the criteria for creating new campuses and by better focusing on the actions of existing ones.

ABSTRACT Leprosy remains a public health problem in Brazil, and the Mato Grosso do Sul State (MS) had the seventh highest rate of detection of new cases in the country in 2015 (26.59 per 100,000 inhabitants) which was classified as very high. This work aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in MS. Descriptive statistics were performed with data from the Information System on Diseases of Compulsory Declaration (SINAN) between 2001 and 2015, with all patients included in the system serving as the sample. Clinical forms of multibacillary (MB) leprosy predominated in MS during the study period, with a clear positive trend from 2009 to 2015 and a peak in the detection rate of new cases (NCDR) in 2014 corresponding to 40.39 per 100,000 population (p<0.001). The most affected groups were men (56.7%) aged 20–59 years (70.52%), an economically active population. We observed that Northern MS had the highest overall NCDR in the State. In cities bordering other countries, NCDRs were significantly lower than in those of other analyzed cities. There was no dependency ratio correlating NCDRs in cities with higher or lower indexes with basic care coverage (p=0.799) and human development index (p=0.887). In conclusion, the large number of patients with MB leprosy indicates that the diagnosis of leprosy is delayed in MS, perhaps due to difficulties related to diagnostic methods. This situation contributes to the continuing prevalence of leprosy in MS.

ABSTRACT The enhancement of anti-leukemia therapy and the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens are major challenges in healthcare. Although a large arsenal of drugs is available, many of these become ineffective, and as a result, the discovery of new active substances occurs. Notably, triazenes (TZCs) have been consolidated as a promising class of compounds, characterized by significant biological activity, especially antiproliferative and antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study is the synthesis and characterization of a new triazenide complex of gold (I), as well as the in vitro assessment of its antiproliferative activity against the K562 cell line (Chronic Myeloid Leukemia), and antibacterial activity against bacterial isolates of biofilm-producing coagulase-negative staphylococci. The combination of TZC with gold metal tends to have a synergistic effect against all biofilm-producing isolates, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration values (MIC) between 32 and 64 µg mL-1. It has also shown activity against K562 cell line, getting an IC50=4.96 µM. Imatinib mesylate (Glivec) was used as reference, with IC50=3.86 µM. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first report of the activity of a TZC complexed with gold ion in the oxidation state (I) against microorganisms that produce biofilm and K562 cells.

RESUMO Propôs, com este estudo, avaliar a tolerância de cultivares de mamoneira sob estresse salino durante a fase inicial de crescimento. Utilizou-se esquema fatorial 5 x 4, em delineamento em blocos casualizados, resultando em 20 tratamentos (5 níveis de salinidade (0,6 -controle; 1,2; 1,8; 2,4 e 3,0 dS m-1) x 4 cultivares de mamoneira (BRS Energia; LA Guarani; BRS Gabriela e IAC 028)] com 3 repetições. Aos 30 dias após a semeadura as plantas foram avaliados para crescimento, acúmulo de matéria seca e tolerância à salinidade. O aumento dos níveis de salinidade da água usada na irrigação reduziu o crescimento de todas as cultivares estudadas; a tolerância à salinidade das cultivares de mamoneira obedece a seguinte sequência: BRS Energia > BRS Gabriela = IAC 028 > LA Guarani.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of castor bean cultivars under salt stress during the initial growth stage. The experiment was set in randomized blocks, in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, resulting in 20 treatments, 5 salinity levels (0.6-control, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 dS m-1) and 4 castor bean cultivars (BRS Energy, LA Guarani, BRS Gabriela and IAC 028)] with 3 replicates. At 30 days after sowing, plants were evaluated for growth, dry matter accumulation and salt tolerance. Increased salinity levels in the water used for irrigation reduced the growth of all the studied cultivars. The salt tolerance of the studied castor bean cultivars follows the following order: BRS Energia > BRS Gabriela = IAC 028 > LA Guarani.