Resumo A corrosão do aço é a principal causa de degradação do concreto estrutural, implicando elevados custos com reabilitação e reparos. Diante disto, barras de FRP – Polímeros Reforçados por Fibras – constituem uma alternativa ao aço convencional em virtude de sua excelente resistência à corrosão. Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um programa para dimensionamento da armadura de FRP à flexão em vigas de seção T. As diferentes possibilidades referentes à posição da linha neutra, modo de falha e comportamento linear ou não-linear do concreto definem os cenários de dimensionamento para os quais se aplicam as formulações desenvolvidas. Os momentos resistentes calculados apresentaram concordância com valores obtidos experimentalmente, validando a metodologia proposta. Uma vez que as barras de FRP são suscetíveis à ruptura por fluência, tensões devido a cargas permanentes devem se manter inferiores ao limite estabelecido pelo ACI 440.1R-15, ajustando-se as áreas de armadura quando necessário. Desta maneira, foram implementadas no programa, as equações para cálculo da linha neutra e momento resistente baseadas nas áreas ajustadas. Subsequentemente, são apresentados exemplos de dimensionamento considerando os diversos cenários para os quais desenvolveram-se as formulações, combinando-se diferentes tipos de FRP a variadas classes de concreto. Os resultados mostraram que vigas T armadas com FRP de aramida e vidro exigiram elevadas áreas de armadura para atender ao estado limite de ruptura por fluência. Em contrapartida, seções armadas com FRP de carbono exigiram áreas menores, porém exibindo ruptura frágil e curvaturas reduzidas quando sub-armadas.

Abstract The corrosion of steel rebars is the main cause of reinforced concrete degradation, which results in increasing costs with structural rehabilitation and repairs. As a solution, corrosion resistant rebars, such as those of FRP – Fiber-reinforced polymer –, have been used to replace conventional steel. This paper describes the development of a design program that calculates the flexural FRP reinforcement of T-shape beams. The possibilities as regards the neutral axis position, failure mode and concrete linear or non-linear behavior define the design scenarios for which their respective equations were deduced. The flexural strengths computed using the deduced equations showed agreement with experimental results for 125 beams, validating the proposed methodology. Since FRP rebars are vulnerable to creep rupture, the sustained stresses must be lower than the maximum allowed by ACI 440.1R-15, which may require increases in areas, modifying the flexural strength. Therefore, the equations to compute the new neutral axis depth and flexural strength based on the adjusted area were deduced and implemented in the computational program. Subsequently, this paper presents design examples considering all scenarios for which the equations were deduced. The design of one T-section considering different FRP rebars combined to normal and high-performance concretes is also reported. The results showed that beams reinforced with aramid and glass FRP required large areas to avoid creep rupture, whereas the areas of those reinforced by carbon FRP rebars were considerably small; however, they exhibited small curvatures and fragile failure when under-reinforced.

ABSTRACT Background: Direct sowing technique is considered a promising tool for reducing costs and increasing species diversity in restoration projects. However, several factors can limit its success, making it necessary for methodological adjustments to be made in order to maximize the emergence, establishment and initial growth of plants. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the use of fungus Trichoderma asperelloides and hydrogel in the enrichment direct sowing as a strategy to enrich the area in the initial restoration process. The forest species studied were Balfourodendron riedelianum, Cedrela fissilis, Luehea divaricata, Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Parapiptadenia rigida. The experiment was conducted in a factorial design testing absence or presence of the T. asperelloides and absence or presence of hydrogel. Two experiments were established: in the nursery, we evaluations of the emergence of the seedlings were carried out; in the field, we evaluated emergence, survival, height and stem diameter. Results: Under nursery conditions, inoculation and the use of hydrogel did not influence the emergence of species tested. Direct sowing proved to be a promising technique for the enrichment of young restoration plantations in subtropical regions with E. contortisiliquum, P. rigida and C. fissilis. B. riedelianum and L. divaricata seeds did not germinate in the field. Conclusion: The use of T. asperelloides is an efficient strategy to enhance the results of direct sowing, capable of providing higher rates of emergence for E. contortisiliqumm and P. rigida and maximizing the growth in height of E. contortisiliqumm. Under high pluviometric intensity, the use of the hydrogel does not influence the emergence and morphological attributes of the species studied. Background projects However success plants process fissilis T established out field survival diameter Results conditions tested E P C B L Conclusion intensity

Resumo Introdução: A hemorragia pós-parto trata-se de uma emergência obstétrica com elevada prevalência e morbimortalidade significativa, sobretudo em contextos de baixa acessibilidade a serviços especializados de saúde. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade do tamponamento por balão intrauterino no controle da hemorragia pós-parto, redução da necessidade de intervenções cirúrgicas de emergência e redução da mortalidade materna. Métodos: Revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados, orientada pelo Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions e relatada através do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Foram considerados como critérios de elegibilidade ensaios clínicos randomizados que avaliaram o uso de diferentes tipos de balão para tamponamento intrauterino enquanto estratégia para a redução ou cessação da hemorragia pós-parto quando comparados a outras intervenções (farmacológicas ou cirúrgicas). Resultados: Quatro estudos avaliaram 498 pacientes para os desfechos preconizados. Em 80% dos casos relatados observou-se a cessação da hemorragia em um intervalo médio de 15 minutos, após a inserção dos dispositivos. O tempo de permanência dos dispositivos foi de 24 horas. Não foram relatados eventos adversos graves. Devido à heterogeneidade clínica entre os estudos, não foi possível realizar síntese quantitativa. Conclusão: Os achados obtidos não fornecem evidências suficientes para sustentar a utilização rotineira dos dispositivos de tamponamento uterino enquanto prática protocolar no controle da hemorragia pós-parto refratária. A utilização destes dispositivos, no entanto, parece ser promissora diante da falha das intervenções de primeira linha, podendo desempenhar um importante papel em termos de redução de morbimortalidade materna e preservação uterina.

Abstract Introduction: Postpartum hemorrhage is an obstetric emergency with high prevalence and significant morbidity and mortality, especially in areas with reduced access to specialized health services. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of intrauterine balloon tamponade in controlling postpartum hemorrhage, with the aim to reduce the need for emergency surgical interventions and decrease maternal mortality. Methods: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials, guided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and reported through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Randomized clinical trials that evaluated the use of different types of balloons for intrauterine tamponade as a strategy for reducing or stopping postpartum hemorrhage compared to other interventions (pharmacological or surgical) were considered for inclusion. Results: Four studies evaluated 498 patients. In 80% of the reported cases, hemorrhage cessation was observed within a mean interval of 15 min after device insertion. The device permanence time was 24 h. No serious adverse events were reported. Due to clinical heterogeneity between studies, it was not possible to perform a quantitative synthesis. Conclusion: We did not find enough evidence to support the routine use of uterine tamponade devices as a protocol practice in the control of refractory postpartum hemorrhage. However, the use of these devices seems to be promising in cases where first line interventions fail and may play an important role in decreasing maternal morbidity and mortality and in uterine preservation.

Resumo De um lado, o franco crescimento da internet e do acesso às mídias sociais tem mudado a forma como as pessoas interagem umas com as outras e com as empresas. De outro, existem diversas mantenedoras de ensino superior de sociedade anônima que prestam serviços educacionais para milhões de estudantes brasileiros. Este artigo objetiva definir um panorama das mídias sociais utilizadas pelas mantenedoras e estabelecer comparações entre o engajamento nas mídias sociais, o número de alunos matriculados e a lucratividade das mantenedoras pesquisadas. Foi possível concluir que as mídias sociais mais usadas são, na ordem, Facebook, LinkedIn, Youtube, Instagram e Twitter e que existe uma correspondência diretamente proporcional entre a atuação da mantenedora nas mídias sociais, a quantidade de alunos e sua lucratividade.

Abstract On the one hand, the growth of the internet and access to social media has changed the way people interact with each other and with companies. On the other hand, several maintainers of higher education provide educational services to millions of Brazilian students. This article aims to define an overview of social media used by maintainers and establish comparisons between engagement, the number of enrolled students, and profitably of the maintainers researched. It was possible to conclude that the most used social media are Facebook, LinkedIn, Youtube, Instagram, and Twitter. There is a directly proportional correspondence between the role of the maintainers on social media, the number of students and their profitability.

Resumo Os desafios sociais e ambientais estão diretamente relacionados à concentração populacional existente nos ambientes urbanos, que contribuem em mais de 75% do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) mundial. Assim, é essencial a detecção da dinâmica do uso e cobertura da terra visando à elaboração e efetivação de políticas públicas. Os sistemas SAR, especialmente as técnicas de interferometria, vêm apresentando ótimos resultados frente a esse desafio, uma vez que não possuem influência direta da atmosfera. Limitados estudos foram realizados utilizando-se a coerência interferométrica proveniente do satélite Sentinel-1 em ambiente urbano. Nesse sentido o objetivo desse estudo foi classificar o uso e cobertura da terra de parte do Distrito Federal tendo por base diferentes dimensionalidades considerando as medidas de intensidade e de coerência interferométrica relativas ao ano de 2018. Os resultados mensurados a partir das métricas Kappa e F1 indicam que a inserção de uma série temporal de coerências interferométricas melhora o desempenho da classificação, de 0,50 a 0,75 (Kappa) e de 0,54 a 0,79 (F1), fato que ficou evidente na melhora de desempenho das classes temáticas relacionadas à cobertura vegetal. Ademais, também constata-se que a identificação dos objetos urbanos é melhor representada pela utilização apenas das intensidades (VV e VH) no processo classificatório.

Abstract The social and environmental challenges are directly related to the existing population concentration in urban environments, contributing to more than 75% of the world’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Thus, the Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) dynamics are essential to support public policy elaboration and implementation. SAR systems, especially the interferometry techniques, have shown remarkable results in this challenge since they do not have direct influence from the atmosphere. Few studies used interferometric coherence from the Sentinel-1 image in an urban environment. This research aims to classify the LULC in the Distrito Federal, Brazil, based on different dimensions considering the intensity and interferometric coherence for the year 2018. The results measured from the Kappa and F1 metrics indicate that the insertion of a time series of interferometric coherencies improves the performance of the classification, from 0.50 to 0.75 (Kappa) and from 0.54to 0.79 (F1), a fact that was evident in the improved performance of the thematic classes related to vegetation cover. Furthermore, the best identification of urban objects used only the intensities (VV and VH) in the classification.

Resumo Oreopanax fulvus é uma espécie endêmica da Mata Atlântica brasileira, avaliada como rara e vulnerável nos estados do Paraná e Rio Grande do Sul, respectivamente. Essa situação adversa requer ações de conservação que devem ser apoiadas pelo entendimento de sua autoecologia. O objetivo foi identificar os padrões fenológicos de populações de O. fulvus de dois remanescentes de Floresta com Araucária no Paraná. O monitoramento mensal da fenologia de 19 árvores em cada local foi realizado durante 24 meses. Quantificamos as fenofases vegetativas (brotos, folhas maduras e senescência foliar) e reprodutivas (produção de botões, floração, frutos imaturos e maduros). Estatísticas circulares baseadas no índice de atividade foram aplicadas para identificar a sazonalidade das fenofases. Correlações de Spearman foram realizadas entre fenofases e parâmetros meteorológicos. Brotos e folhas maduras foram registrados em todos os meses, com diminuição das folhas maduras nos meses de novembro e dezembro. A senescência foliar foi sazonal, ocorrendo de maio a dezembro. As fenofases reprodutivas foram sazonais: floração de janeiro a maio; e frutificação de março a novembro, com frutos começando a amadurecer em setembro. As fenofases vegetativas e reprodutivas foram altamente influenciadas pela temperatura média e pelo fotoperíodo. Embora tenha havido diferenças nos padrões fenológicos reprodutivos, as diferentes populações estudadas apresentaram desempenhos fenológicos semelhantes.

Abstract Oreopanax fulvus is a species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, assessed as rare and vulnerable in the states of Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul, respectively. This adverse situation requires conservation actions that must be supported by the understanding of its autecology. We aimed to identify the phenological patterns of O. fulvus populations from two Araucaria Rainforest remnants in Paraná. Monthly phenology monitoring of 19 trees in each site was performed over 24 months. We quantified the vegetative (i.e., leaf flushing, mature leaves, and leaf-senescence) and reproductive phenophases (i.e., buds production, blooming, immature, and mature fruits). Circular statistics based on activity index were applied to identify the phenophases seasonality. Spearman correlations were performed among phenophases and meteorological parameters. Leaf flushing and mature leaves were recorded in all months, with a decrease of mature leaves during November and December. Leaf-senescence was seasonal, occurring from May to December. The reproductive phenophases were seasonal: blooming from January to May; and fruiting from March to November, with fruits starting to mature in September. Vegetative and reproductive phenophases were highly influenced by average temperature and photoperiod. Although there were dissimilarities in reproductive phenological patterns, the different populations studied had similar phenological performances.

RESUMO Entre os métodos utilizados para a restauração de áreas alteradas, tem-se o plantio de mudas arbóreas nativas como um dos mais tradicionais. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a sobrevivência e o crescimento de mudas de Casearia sylvestris Sw, Handroanthus heptaphyllus Vell. Mattos e Parapiptadenia rigida Benth. Brenan, em área alterada, de acordo com o recipiente utilizado na produção das mudas em viveiro e do uso de mulching no plantio, por meio de atributos morfológicos e fisiológicos. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema fatorial 2x2, considerando tipos de recipientes na produção das mudas (saco plástico e tubete) e presença ou ausência de mulching no entorno das mudas no plantio. As três espécies apresentaram médias de sobrevivência semelhantes aos 24 meses. As taxas entre os tratamentos foram 72,5; 85,0 e 80,0%, respectivamente. Obteve-se efeito positivo do uso de saco plástico para incremento em altura (IncH) e em diâmetro coleto (IncDC), área da copa (AC) e massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA) para C. sylvestris e H. heptaphyllus, enquanto para P. rigida, o uso do saco plástico favoreceu à AC e MSPA. A presença de mulching favoreceu os atributos IncH, IncDC, AC e MSPA de H. heptaphyllus, bem como a AC e a MSPA de C. sylvestris. Quanto aos parâmetros fisiológicos (níveis relativos de clorofila a e b e fluorescência de clorofila a), não foi observada diferença entre os tratamentos testados. Indica-se que mudas de C. sylvestris, H. heptaphyllus e P. rigida, para plantio em área antropizada, sejam produzidas em recipiente saco plástico de 1,5 L visando maior crescimento a campo. Além disso, no plantio de C. sylvestris e H. heptaphyllus deve-se utilizar o mulching para favorecer seu crescimento.

ABSTRACT Among the methods used for the restoration of altered areas, the planting of native tree seedlings is one of the most traditional ones. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival and initial growth of Casearia sylvestris Sw, Handroanthus heptaphyllus Vell. Mattos and Parapiptadenia rigida Benth. Brenan seedlings in altered areas, according to containers used in nursery seedlings production and use of mulching on planting, using morphological and physiological attributes. The experiment was conducted in a 2x2 factorial scheme. The type of containers used (plastic bag and tube) was considered, and the presence or absence of mulching around the seedlings. The three species presented similar survival averages at 24 months. The rates between the treatments were 72.5; 85.0 and 80.0%, respectively. The use of plastic bags had a positive impact on the height (IncH) and stem collar (IncDC), crown area (CA) and shoot dry mass (SDM) for C. sylvestris and H. heptaphyllus, while for P. rigida, the use of plastic bags favored the CA and the SDM. The presence of mulching favored the attributes IncH, IncDC, AC, and MSPA of H. heptaphyllus, as well as CA and SDM of C. sylvestris. Regarding the physiological parameters (relative levels of chlorophyll a and b and fluorescence of chlorophyll a), no difference was observed between the treatments tested. It is recommended that for the planting of seedlings of C. sylvestris, H. heptaphyllus, and P. rigida, in altered areas by anthropization, they be produced in a 1.5 L plastic bag, aiming at greater field growth. Also, in the planting of C. sylvestris and H. heptaphyllus the mulching should be used to favor their growth.

Resumen Introducción: las infecciones causadas por Enterococcus resistente a Vancomicina (EVR) presentan mayor mortalidad en pacientes críticos, asociado a un aumento gradual en este patrón de resistencia, especialmente en el continente americano, por lo cual la adecuada terapia antimicrobiana empírica es fundamental para mejorar los desenlaces. Objetivo: determinar los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de infección por EVR en pacientes sépticos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) del Hospital San José en Bogotá, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de casos y controles en pacientes sépticos ingresados a la UCI durante 2016 y 2017. Los casos se definieron como pacientes con infección por EVR y los controles los pacientes con infección por otro germen. Resultados: se incluyeron 32 pacientes con aislamiento de EVR y 96 controles. Los factores de riesgo asociados a infección por EVR fueron: nutrición parenteral (OR 15,7 IC 4,2-71,4), lavado peritoneal (OR 8,9 IC 3,2-24,8), cultivo polimicrobiano (OR 19,9 IC 6,0-83,4). La mortalidad fue 56,2% en casos y 33,3% en controles. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo hallados con mayor frecuencia fueron: múltiples lavados peritoneales, nutrición parenteral y cultivos polimicrobianos. Encontramos una correlación significativa en el uso de antibiótico empírico adecuado y la reducción en la mortalidad.

Summary Introduction: infections caused by Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) have higher mortality in critically ill patients, associated with increase in this pattern of resistance, especially in the Americas, which is why adequate empirical antimicrobial therapy is essential to improve outcomes Objective: to determine the risk factors associated with the development of infection by VRE in septic patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of San José Hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods: Case-control study in septic patients admitted to the ICU during 2016 and 2017. The cases were defined as patients with VRE infection and the controls were patients with infection by another germ. Results: 32 patients with EVR isolation and 96 controls were included. The risk factors associated with infection by EVR were: parenteral nutrition (OR 15.7 IC 4.2-71.4), peritoneal lavage (OR 8.9 IC 3.2-24.8), polymicrobial culture (OR 19,9 IC 6.0-83.4). Mortality was 56.2% in cases and 33.3% in controls. Conclusions: The risk factors found most frequently were: multiple peritoneal lavage, parenteral nutrition and polymicrobial cultures. We found a significant correlation in the use of adequate empirical antibiotic and the reduction in mortality

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with negative Health Perception and Quality of Life (QoL) of older adults. This was a cross-sectional study composed of 224 older adults with a median age of 70.58±6.43 years old. A questionnaire was designed to incorporate ABEP (socio-economic questionnaire), WHOQOL-bref, IPAQ, and Senior Fitness Test (SFT). Binary logistic regression with p>0.05, organized in univariate and multivariate models in SPSS version 22. Variables upper extremities poor flexibility OR = 2.43 (1.37 - 4.31) and lower extremities poor flexibility OR = 2.69 (1.54 - 4.69) were significantly associated with negative health perception. Being not financial responsible OR= 0.33 (0.12 - 0.85) presented lower odds of negative QoL perception. The variable Lower extremities poor flexibility univariate OR= 2.52 (1.45 - 4.39) and multivariate model OR= 2.42 (1.38 - 4.24) showed almost three times higher probabilities of negative QoL perception.

SUMMARY: Light is an important environmental factor in the establishment of vegetation. The knowledge of the behavior of the species in response to light demand for survival and growth in the field becomes essential. Thus, the present study aimed at evaluating the survival and initial growth of Myrocarpus frondosus seedlings under different levels of shade in the field. The treatments used were: 0 % (full sun); 18 %; 50 % and 70 % shading in a randomized block design. The survival of seedlings was evaluated 30 and 540 days after planting (d.a.p.) and the morphological attributes height (H), stem diameter (DC) and H/DC ratio every 90 days. Leaf area, leaf dry matter, dry matter of stem and branches and dry matter of shoot were obtained 540 d.a.p. The analyses of the physiological attributes fluorescence of chlorophyll a and photosynthetic pigments were performed 180, 360 and 540 d.a.p. The use of shading in the planting of Myrocarpus frondosus influences the survival and the morphological and physiological attributes of the species. The morphological and physiological attributes of Myrocarpus frondosus plants show that the species requires shading of 50 to 70 % in its initial growth phase in the field (540 d.a.p.). It is recommended to use the species in sub-forest enrichment plantations and in consortium with other species more demanding in light.

RESUMEN: La luminosidad es un factor ambiental importante en el establecimiento de la vegetación, siendo imprescindible el conocimiento del comportamiento de las especies en respuesta a la demanda de luz para supervivencia y crecimiento en el campo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la supervivencia y el crecimiento inicial de plantas de Myrocarpus frondosus bajo diferentes niveles de sombreamiento en el campo. Los tratamientos utilizados fueron 0 % (pleno sol), 18 %, 50 % y 70 % de sombreamiento en un diseño de bloques al azar. La supervivencia de las plantas fue evaluada a los 30 y 540 días después de la plantación (ddp) y los atributos morfológicos altura (H), diámetro del cuello (DAC) y relación H/DC cada 90 días. A los 540 ddp se obtuvo el área foliar, materia seca foliar, materia seca del tallo y ramas y la materia seca de la parte aérea. Los análisis de los atributos fisiológicos fluorescencia de la clorofila α y los pigmentos fotosintéticos fueron realizados a los 180, 360 y 540 ddp. La utilización de sombreamiento en la plantación de Myrocarpus frondosus evidencian que la especie necesita de 50 y 70 % de sombra en la fase inicial de crecimiento en el campo (540 ddp). Se recomienda el uso de la especie en plantaciones de enriquecimiento de sub bosque y en consorcio con otras especies más exigentes en luminosidad.

ABSTRACT Expansive clay soils are a problem for agriculture and engineering because they are susceptible to change in volume due to seasonal variation in water content and temperature. One of its morphological properties is slickensides, which result from the ability to contract and crack when dry and expand by wetting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the processes of expansion and formation and propagation of cracks due to the change in water content over time. The expansion process was evaluated through simple edometric tests with different external stress values applied to undisturbed soil samples. To evaluate the shrinking process, a device was developed to monitor the process of crack propagation. The mechanisms through which cracks begin and develop were studied using molded soil samples at the liquidity limit and at 1.25 times the liquidity limit with a drying and wetting cycle. Crack initiation conditions and development of geometric crack indices were measured with the water content and drying time. The soil presented medium to high expansion that depends on the overburden and suction applied, and the swelling stress was found to increase as suction increases. The changes in volume due to wetting and the propagation of cracks due to drying developed in three stages: initial, primary, and secondary. In the initial stage, few cracks or swelling occur with gradual variation in water content. As the water content approaches the limit of soil contraction (in the drying process) or the limit of soil saturation (in the wetting process), cracks and expansion developed slowly and approach a secondary stage. In the primary stage, cracks and expansion occurred rapidly with drying or wetting, respectively. Drying and wetting cycles showed similar crack patterns with the appearance of new micro-cracks during each new drying cycle.

Abstract In forest nurseries, one of the factors that change the growth and quality of seedlings is water supply, which has a direct influence on metabolic processes such as stomatal conductance and photochemical efficiency of photosystem II. This study aims to identify the influence of different watering regimes as well as the use of a water-retaining polymer on the initial growth and metabolic processes of Enterolobium contortisiliquum seedlings. The experimental design was in random blocks with a factorial scheme. Morphological attributes, as well as physiological and biochemical attributes were investigated. We verified that the performance of E. contortisiliquum seedlings depends on the watering regime provided to the plants; furthermore, up to 60 days after the application of the treatments, both the height and diameter of the collection and the leaf water potential were similar in the water regimes of 8 mm day-1 and 12 mm day-1.

ABSTRACT The use of a forest seedling bank has been recommended as an alternative to increase species richness in forest nurseries, as well as to produce seedlings of species that are diffi cult to propagate, especially those that belong to the late secondary and climax successional groups, which are not as commercially available. However, little is known about the impact of this method on forest dynamics. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the resilience and dynamics of a seedling bank in a remnant of a subtropical seasonal forest belonging to the Atlantic Forest Biome when subjected to different intensities of seedling removal. The experiment was conducted in a random block design in a factorial scheme (5 × 4), with treatments composed of fi ve intensities of removal of individuals from the seedling bank and the four seasons. The treatments were distributed into 18 blocks and the experimental units were composed of 1 m × 2.5 m plots. The resilience of the seedling community was assessed by examining effects of the fi ve removal intensities. The dynamics between the evaluation periods within each treatment were verifi ed by comparing the number of species and seedlings present before the treatments with those in the other evaluation periods. After one year, we found that tree-shrub vegetation had a partial capacity for restoration after withdrawal of individuals from the seedling bank. Our results show that the impact on the regeneration community can absorb the effects of up to 25% seedling removal. The technique of seedling transplantation may be recommended for species that have abundant regeneration, such as Actinostemon concolor, Eugenia rostrifolia, Trichilia claussenii and Nectandra megapotamica.

Resumo A nova tecnologia PET/RM é o protótipo de diagnóstico por imagem híbrido e permite combinar dados moleculares obtidos da tomografia PET e informações morfofuncionais derivadas da ressonância magnética. Avanços recentes relativos a aspectos técnicos desse dispositivo, principalmente após o desenvolvimento de fotomultiplicadores de silício compatíveis com RM, permitiram uma melhora do desempenho diagnóstico da PET/RM traduzida em redução da dose e qualidade superior das imagens. Entre diversas aplicações clínicas, a PET/RM ganha espaço inicialmente no campo da oncologia, onde a RM tem papel essencial na avaliação de tumores primários (limitado no caso da PET/TC), incluindo tumores de próstata, reto e ginecológicos. Por outro lado, a avaliação dos pulmões ainda é um enigma, a despeito de novas sequências de RM que estão sendo criadas para tentar resolver essa questão. Outras indicações clínicas da PET/RM são encontradas no âmbito da neurologia, cardiologia e de processos inflamatórios, nos quais a técnica também abre perspectivas para pacientes pediátricos, já que envolve uma exposição baixíssima à radiação. Nossa revisão teve como objetivo destacar as indicações atuais da PET/RM e discutir os desafios e perspectivas da aplicação dessa técnica no Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP.

Summary The new technology of PET/MRI is a prototype of hybrid imaging, allowing for the combination of molecular data from PET scanning and morphofunctional information derived from MRI scanning. Recent advances regarding the technical aspects of this device, especially after the development of MRI-compatible silicon photomultipliers of PET, permitted an increase in the diagnostic performance of PET/MRI translated into dose reduction and higher imaging quality. Among several clinical applications, PET/MRI gains ground initially in oncology, where MRI per se plays an essential role in the assessment of primary tumors (which is limited in the case of PET/CT), including prostate, rectal and gynecological tumors. On the other hand, the evaluation of the lungs remains an enigma although new MRI sequences are being designed to overcome this. More clinical indications of PET/MRI are seen in the fields of neurology, cardiology and inflammatory processes, and the use of PET/MRI also opens perspectives for pediatric populations as it involves very low radiation exposure. Our review aimed to highlight the current indications of PET/MRI and discuss the challenges and perspectives of PET/MRI at HC-FMUSP.