Abstract Beriberi is the clinical manifestation of severe and prolonged thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. It is a neglected disease that affects low-income populations facing food and nutrition insecurity. The aim of this study was to compare cases of beriberi among indigenous and non-indigenous people in Brazil. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data on cases of beriberi during the period July 2013-September 2018 derived from beriberi notification forms available on the FormSUS platform. Cases in indigenous and non-indigenous patients were compared using the chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test, adopting a significance level of 0.05. A total of 414 cases of beriberi were reported in the country during the study period, 210 of which (50.7%) were among indigenous people. Alcohol consumption was reported by 58.1% of the indigenous patients and 71.6% of the non-indigenous patients (p = 0.004); 71.0% of the indigenous patients reported that they consumed caxiri, a traditional alcoholic drink. Daily physical exertion was reported by 76.1% of the indigenous patients and 40.2% of the non-indigenous patients (p < 0.001). It is concluded that beriberi disproportionately affects indigenous people and is associated with alcohol consumption and physical exertion. vitamin B1 B deficiency lowincome low income insecurity nonindigenous non Brazil crosssectional cross sectional 2013September September 2013 201 platform chisquared chi squared Fishers Fisher s 005 0 05 0.05 41 21 50.7% 507 50 7 (50.7% 581 58 1 58.1 716 71 6 71.6 p 0.004 0004 004 0.004) 710 71.0 caxiri drink 761 76 76.1 402 40 2 40.2 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 001 0.001) 20 00 0.0 4 50.7 5 (50.7 58. 71. 0.00 000 76. 40. 0. 50. (50. (50 (5 (
Resumo O beribéri é a manifestação clínica da deficiência grave e prolongada de tiamina (vitamina B1). Doença negligenciada que acomete a população de baixa renda, em situação de insegurança alimentar e nutricional. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar casos de beribéri em indígenas com casos em não indígenas no Brasil. Trata-se de estudo transversal de casos notificados de beribéri no período de 2013 a 2018, no formulário do SUS (FormSUS) do Ministério da Saúde. Foram comparados os casos em indígenas e em não indígenas pelo teste qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher com nível de significância de p < 0,05. No período estudado foram notificados no país 414 casos de beribéri, sendo 210 (50,7%) indígenas. Referiram consumo de bebidas alcoólicas 58,1% dos indígenas e 71,6% dos não-indígenas (p = 0,004); adicionalmente, 71,0% dos indígenas consumiam caxiri (bebida alcoólica tradicional fermentada). Relataram fazer esforço físico diário 76,1% dos indígenas e 40,2% dos não-indígenas (p <0 ,001). Conclui-se que o beribéri no país acomete mais indígenas e está relacionado ao consumo de álcool e ao esforço físico. vitamina B1. B1 B . B1) renda nutricional Brasil Tratase Trata se 201 2018 FormSUS (FormSUS Saúde quiquadrado qui quadrado 005 0 05 0,05 41 21 50,7% 507 50 7 (50,7% 581 58 1 58,1 716 71 6 71,6 nãoindígenas 0,004 0004 004 0,004) adicionalmente 710 71,0 bebida fermentada. fermentada fermentada) 761 76 76,1 402 40 2 40,2 ,001. 001 ,001 ,001) Concluise Conclui 20 00 0,0 4 50,7 5 (50,7 58, 71, 0,00 000 76, 40, ,00 0, 50, (50, ,0 (50 , (5 (