ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the spatiotemporal epidemiological dynamics of meningitis in Brazil, between 2010 and 2019. Methods: Descriptive ecological study with cases and deaths due to meningitis in Brazil (2010-2019) in the National Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação – SINAN). The following analyses were performed: (I) frequency analyses of cases and deaths, prevalence rates, mortality, lethality, Fisher's exact test, and chi-square test; (II) Prais-Winstein regression; and (III) Global, Local Moran's index, and Kernel density. Results: 182,126 cases of meningitis were reported in Brazil, of which 16,866 (9.26%) resulted in death, with prevalence rates of 9.03/100,000 inhabitants, mortality of 0.84/100,000 inhabitants, and lethality of 9.26%. There was a noted trend of decreasing prevalence rates (−9.5%, 95% confidence interval — 95%CI −13.92; −4.96, p<0.01) and mortality (−11.74%, 95%CI −13.92; −9.48, p<0.01), while lethality remained stable (−2.08%, 95%CI −4.9; 0.8; p<0.1941). The majority of cases were viral meningitis (45.7%), among 1-9 years old (32.2%), while the highest proportion of deaths was due to bacterial meningitis (68%), among 40-59 years old (26.3%). In the Moran and Kernel maps of prevalence and mortality rates, municipalities in the South, Southeast, and the capital of Pernambuco in the Northeast stood out with high rates; as for lethality, the North, Northeast, and Southeast coastal areas were highlighted. Conclusion: A decrease in meningitis cases and deaths was found in this study; however, the lethality rate was higher in areas with lower prevalence, emphasizing the need to enhance actions for identifying, monitoring, and providing health care for cases, as well as expanding vaccination coverage. Objective 201 2019 Methods 20102019 (2010-2019 Sistema SINAN. SINAN . SINAN) performed I (I Fishers Fisher s test chisquare chi square II (II PraisWinstein Prais Winstein regression III (III Global Morans index density Results 182126 182 126 182,12 16866 16 866 16,86 9.26% 926 9 26 (9.26% death 903100000 03 100 000 9.03/100,00 inhabitants 084100000 0 84 0.84/100,00 −9.5%, 95 5 (−9.5% 95CI CI −13.92 1392 13 92 496 4 96 −4.96 p<0.01 p001 p 01 −11.74%, 1174 11 74 (−11.74% 948 48 −9.48 p<0.01, , −2.08%, 208 2 08 (−2.08% −4.9 49 0.8 8 p<0.1941. p01941 p<0.1941 1941 p<0.1941) 45.7%, 457 45.7% 45 7 (45.7%) 19 1 1- 32.2%, 322 32.2% 32 (32.2%) 68%, 68 68% (68%) 4059 40 59 40-5 26.3%. 263 26.3% 3 (26.3%) South North highlighted Conclusion however identifying monitoring coverage 20 2010201 (2010-201 18212 18 12 182,1 1686 86 16,8 9.26 (9.26 90310000 10 00 9.03/100,0 08410000 0.84/100,0 −9.5% (−9.5 −13.9 139 p<0.0 p00 −11.74% 117 (−11.74 94 −9.4 −2.08% (−2.08 −4. 0. p0194 p<0.194 194 45.7 (45.7% 32.2 (32.2% 6 (68% 405 40- 26.3 (26.3% 201020 (2010-20 1821 182, 168 16, 9.2 (9.2 9031000 9.03/100, 0841000 0.84/100, −9.5 (−9. −13. p<0. p0 −11.74 (−11.7 −9. −2.08 (−2.0 −4 p019 p<0.19 45. (45.7 32. (32.2 (68 26. (26.3 20102 (2010-2 9. (9. 903100 9.03/100 084100 0.84/100 (−9 −13 p<0 −11.7 (−11. −9 −2.0 (−2. − p01 p<0.1 (45. (32. (6 (26. (2010- (9 90310 9.03/10 08410 0.84/10 (− −1 p< −11. (−11 −2. (−2 (45 (32 ( (26 (2010 9031 9.03/1 0841 0.84/1 −11 (−1 −2 (4 (3 (2 (201 903 9.03/ 084 0.84/ (20 90 9.03 0.84 9.0
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a dinâmica epidemiológica espaçotemporal das meningites no Brasil, entre os anos de 2010 e 2019. Métodos: Estudo ecológico descritivo com os casos e óbitos por meningites no Brasil (2010–2019) no Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação. Realizaram-se (I) análises de frequências dos casos e óbitos, taxas de prevalência, mortalidade, letalidade, testes de exato de Fisher e qui-quadrado; (II) regressão de Prais-Winsten; e (III) índice de Moran global, local e densidade de Kernel. Resultados: Notificaram-se 182.126 casos de meningites no Brasil, dos quais 16.866 (9,26%) evoluíram para óbito, com taxas de prevalência de 9,03/100.000/habitantes, mortalidade de 0,84/100.000/habitantes e letalidade de 9,26%. Destaca-se a tendência de decrescimento das taxas de prevalência (−9,5%, intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% −13,92; −4,96, p<0,01) e mortalidade (−11,74%, IC95% −13,92; −9,48, p<01,01), enquanto a letalidade se manteve estacionária (−2,08%, IC95% −4,9; 0,8; p<0,1941). A maioria dos casos foi de meningites virais (45,7%), entre 1 e 9 anos (32,2%), enquanto a maior parcela dos óbitos foi por meningites bacterianas (68%), entre 40 e 59 anos (26,3%). Nos mapas de Moran e Kernel das taxas de prevalência e mortalidade, destacaram-se com altas taxas os municípios do sul, sudeste e a capital de Pernambuco, no nordeste; já na letalidade, evidenciaram-se o norte, o nordeste e o litoral do sudeste. Conclusão: Encontrou-se decréscimo dos casos e óbitos por meningites neste estudo, entretanto a taxa de letalidade foi maior em áreas com menor prevalência, reforçando a necessidade do aprimoramento das ações de identificação, vigilância e assistência em saúde dos casos, bem como da ampliação da cobertura vacinal. Objetivo 201 2019 Métodos 2010–2019 20102019 (2010–2019 Notificação Realizaramse Realizaram I (I quiquadrado qui quadrado qui-quadrado II (II PraisWinsten Prais Winsten Prais-Winsten III (III global Resultados Notificaramse Notificaram 182126 182 126 182.12 16866 16 866 16.86 9,26% 926 26 (9,26% óbito 903100000habitantes habitantes 03 100 000 9,03/100.000/habitantes 084100000habitantes 0 84 Destacase Destaca −9,5%, 95 5 (−9,5% IC95 IC −13,92 1392 13 92 496 4 96 −4,96 p<0,01 p001 p 01 −11,74%, 1174 11 74 (−11,74% 948 48 −9,48 p<01,01, p0101 p<01,01 , p<01,01) −2,08%, 208 2 08 (−2,08% −4,9 49 0,8 8 p<0,1941. p01941 p<0,1941 . 1941 p<0,1941) 45,7%, 457 45,7% 45 7 (45,7%) 32,2%, 322 32,2% 32 (32,2%) 68%, 68 68% (68%) 26,3%. 263 26,3% 3 (26,3%) destacaramse destacaram sul Pernambuco evidenciaramse evidenciaram norte Conclusão Encontrouse Encontrou estudo identificação vacinal 20 2010–201 2010201 (2010–201 18212 18 12 182.1 1686 86 16.8 9,26 (9,26 10 00 −9,5% (−9,5 IC9 −13,9 139 p<0,0 p00 −11,74% 117 (−11,74 94 −9,4 p010 p<01,0 −2,08% (−2,08 −4, 0, p0194 p<0,194 194 45,7 (45,7% 32,2 (32,2% 6 (68% 26,3 (26,3% 2010–20 201020 (2010–20 1821 182. 168 16. 9,2 (9,2 −9,5 (−9, −13, p<0, p0 −11,74 (−11,7 −9, p01 p<01, −2,08 (−2,0 −4 p019 p<0,19 19 45, (45,7 32, (32,2 (68 26, (26,3 2010–2 20102 (2010–2 9, (9, (−9 −13 p<0 −11,7 (−11, −9 p<01 −2,0 (−2, − p<0,1 (45, (32, (6 (26, 2010– (2010– (9 (− −1 p< −11, (−11 −2, (−2 (45 (32 ( (26 (2010 −11 (−1 −2 (4 (3 (2 (201 (20