Resumen La identificación del género Lucilia es importante cuando se recolectan adultos o larvas en casos forenses porque el intervalo post-mortem puede ser estimado. En este trabajo se analizó morfológica y molecularmente un panel de especímenes de Lucilia (n = 42) recolectados en Costa Rica, de los cuales el 21% de las muestras corresponden a moscas criadas a partir de larvas tomadas de cadáveres humanos. Morfológicamente, los ejemplares fueron identificados como Lucilia cuprina (1) (33,3% de los ejemplares), Lucilia eximia (1) (33,3%), Lucilia purpurascens (2) (21,4%) o miembros del complejo Lucilia (11,9%). La identificación molecular, con las regiones de la citocromo oxidasa I (COI) o de la subunidad ribosomal 28S, sólo fue posible para el 43% de las muestras. La mayoría de las secuencias obtenidas con COI fueron concordantes con los análisis morfológicos, pero la región 28S carecía de suficiente resolución para identificar muestras al nivel de especies, excepto para L. cuprina. Juntos, los datos genéticos y morfológicos indican que L. cuprina y L. eximia fueron las especies más comúnmente encontradas; las moscas criadas a partir de larvas tomadas de cadáveres humanos correspondieron sólo a estas especies. Hasta donde sabemos, este trabajo es el primero en Costa Rica y en la región centroamericana en describir la entomofauna cadavérica del género Lucilia, lo cual es valioso para el desarrollo de potenciales aplicaciones forenses.

Abstract The identification of the genus Lucilia is important when adults or larvae are collected in forensic cases because the post-mortem interval might be estimated. In this work, we analyzed morphologically and molecularly a panel of Lucilia specimens (n = 42) collected in Costa Rica of which 21 % of the samples correspond to flies reared from larvae taken from human corpses. Morphologically, specimens were identified as Lucilia cuprina (1) (33.3 % of specimens), Lucilia eximia (1) (33.3 %), Lucilia purpurascens (2) (21.4 %) or members of Lucilia complex (11.9 %). Molecular identification with cytochrome oxidase I (COI) or 28S ribosomal subunit regions was possible for only 43 % of the samples. Most sequences obtained with COI were according to a morphological analysis, but the 28S region lacked sufficient resolution to identify samples to the level of species except L. cuprina. Together, genetic and morphological data indicate that L. cuprina and L. eximia were the most commonly found species; flies reared from larvae taken from human cadavers correspond to only these species. To our knowledge, this work is the first in Costa Rica and the Centro-American region to describe cadaveric entomofauna of Lucilia genus, which is valuable for the development of potential forensic applications.

Abstract A large collection of coffee genetic resources is conserved in Costa Rica. In this study, microsatellite DNA fingerprinting of coffee through singleplex and multiplex PCR approaches coupled with capillary electrophoresis are described. To validate both methods, germplasm of Coffea spp. (Arabica and non-Arabica) and intraspecific F1 hybrids were analyzed using fourteen microsatellite markers. It was observed that through both PCR methods the fingerprinting profile of a subset of samples was identical. The genetic analyses revealed that non-Arabica coffee displayed greater genetic variation than Arabica coffee did. In addition, microsatellite analyses allowed the separation of C. arabica from other species using the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) approach. The neighbor-joining tree clustering analysis revealed either a grouping of wild genotypes separated from cultivars of C. arabica, or a relation of intraspecific F1 hybrids with parental lines. The utility of our methodology for the characterization of F1 hybrids not previously analyzed through SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) fingerprinting is demonstrated.

Abstract Most commercial papaya varieties segregate hermaphrodite and female plants. Growers normally select hermaphrodite plants in the field, due to market preferences. This requires planting multiple plants per site and later thinning of the females, distinguished by flower bud inspection. Micropropagation or the use of molecular markers are two possibilities to grow only hermaphrodite plants. Under the tropical conditions of this study, the field performance of hermaphrodite papaya plants developed by both of these methods was described. Moreover, a multiplex qPCR reaction was optimized. Hermaphrodite seedlings selected by molecular markers and plants obtained by micropropagation, had a lower slenderness ratio and initiated fruit production at a lower height than those selected by the conventional practice of the orchard. An analysis of flower types between the sex determination methods indicated that growing one hermaphrodite papaya plant per hole reduces the percentage of female-sterile flowers, resulting in fruit set at a lower trunk height and higher yields.