Resumo Introdução: Alguns autores aconselham a favor de se fazer uma amostragem tardia de teste de paratormônio intraoperatório (PTHIO) durante paratireoidectomia em pacientes transplantados renais e em diálise. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a intensidade e o papel da amostragem tardia na interpretação do PTHIO durante paratireoidectomia em pacientes em diálise (2HPT) e pacientes com transplante renal bem sucedido (3HPT) em comparação com aqueles em pacientes com adenoma único de paratireoide (1HPT). Métodos: Este foi um estudo retrospectivo dos perfis de PTHIO em pacientes com 1HPT, 2HPT, e 3HPT operados em uma única instituição. Foram coletadas amostras de PTHIO basal (amostragem no início da operação), PTHIO-10 min (10 minutos após a excisão das glândulas paratireoides), e PTHIO-15 min (15 minutos após a excisão das glândulas paratireoides). Os valores foram comparados aos resultados basais. Resultados: Os valores percentuais medianos do PTHIO em comparação aos basais (100%) foram os seguintes: 1HPT, PTHIO-10 min = 20% e PTHIO-15 min = 16%; 2HPT, PTHIO-10 min = 14% e PTHIO-15 min = 12%; 3HPT, PTHIO-10 min = 18% e PTHIO-15 min = 15%. Discussão: A redução foi igualmente eficaz aos 10 minutos em todos os grupos. Em casos de sucesso, o PTHIO diminui satisfatoriamente 10 minutos após a excisão das glândulas paratireoides em pacientes em diálise e transplantados, apesar das diferenças significativas na função renal. A amostragem tardia de PTHIO parece ser desnecessária.

Abstract Introduction: Some authors advise in favor of delayed sampling of intraoperative parathormone testing (ioPTH) during parathyroidectomy in dialysis and kidney-transplanted patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the intensity and the role of delayed sampling in the interpretation of ioPTH during parathyroidectomy in dialysis patients (2HPT) and successful kidney-transplanted patients (3HPT) compared to those in single parathyroid adenoma patients (1HPT). Methods: This was a retrospective study of ioPTH profiles in patients with 1HPT, 2HPT, and 3HPT operated on in a single institution. Samples were taken at baseline ioPTH (sampling at the beginning of the operation), ioPTH-10 min (10 minutes after excision of the parathyroid glands), and ioPTH-15 min (15 minutes after excision of the parathyroid glands). The values were compared to baseline. Results: Median percentage values of ioPTH compared to baseline (100%) were as follows: 1HPT, ioPTH-10 min = 20% and ioPTH-15 min = 16%; 2HPT, ioPTH-10 min = 14% and ioPTH-15 min = 12%; 3HPT, ioPTH-10 min = 18% and ioPTH-15 min = 15%. Discussion: The reduction was equally effective at 10 minutes in all groups. In successful cases, ioPTH decreases satisfactorily 10 minutes after parathyroid glands excision in dialysis and transplanted patients, despite significant differences in kidney function. The postponed sampling of ioPTH appears to be unnecessary.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The parathormone level after parathyroidectomy in dialysis patients are of interest. Low levels may require cryopreserved tissue implantation; however, the resection is necessary in case of recurrence. We analyzed post parathyroidectomy parathormone levels in renal hyperparathyroidism. METHODS: Prospective observation of postoperative parathormone levels over defined periods in a cohort of dialysis patients that underwent total parathyroidectomy and immediate forearm autograft from 2008 to 2010, at a single tertiary care hospital. RESULTS: Of 33 patients, parathormone levels until 36 months could be divided into four patterns. Patients with stable function (Pattern 1) show relatively constant levels after two months (67% of the cases). Early function and later failure (Pattern 2) were an initial function with marked parathormone reduction before one year (18%). Graft recurrence (Pattern 3) showed a progressive increase of parathormone in four cases (12%). Complete graft failure (Pattern 4) was a nonfunctioning implant at any period, which was observed in one patient (3%). Parathormone levels of Pattern 3 became statistically different of Pattern 1 at 36 months. CONCLUSIONS: Patients that underwent the total parathyroidectomy and autograft present four different graft function patterns with a possible varied therapeutic management.

Most cases of sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism present disturbances in a single parathyroid gland and the surgery of choice is adenomectomy. Conversely, hyperparathyroidism associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (hyperparathyroidism/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1) is an asynchronic, asymmetrical multiglandular disease and it is surgically approached by either subtotal parathyroidectomy or total parathyroidectomy followed by parathyroid auto-implant to the forearm. In skilful hands, the efficacy of both approaches is similar and both should be complemented by prophylactic thymectomy. In a single academic center, 83 cases of hyperparathyroidism/ multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 were operated on from 1987 to 2010 and our first surgical choice was total parathyroidectomy followed by parathyroid auto-implant to the non-dominant forearm and, since 1997, associated transcervical thymectomy to prevent thymic carcinoid. Overall, 40% of patients were given calcium replacement (mean intake 1.6 g/day) during the first months after surgery, and this fell to 28% in patients with longer follow-up. These findings indicate that several months may be needed in order to achieve a proper secretion by the parathyroid auto-implant. Hyperparathyroidism recurrence was observed in up to 15% of cases several years after the initial surgery. Thus, long-term follow-up is recommended for such cases. We conclude that, despite a tendency to subtotal parathyroidectomy worldwide, total parathyroidectomy followed by parathyroid auto-implant is a valid surgical option to treat hyperparathyroidism/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. Larger comparative systematic studies are needed to define the best surgical approach to hyperparathyroidism/multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.