Abstract The volcanic Trindade Island is a remote Brazilian offshore territory in the South Atlantic, located ca. 1.140 kilometers east of the southeast coast of Brazil. The island’s permanent exposure to geological hazards requires assessment. However, the lack of erosion and landslides temporal data impedes predictive geohazard analyses. Therefore, we compiled pre-existing data from nautical charts and surveyed the surface terrain on Trindade Island to generate Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) and comparative accuracy analyses. The DTM based on pre-existing data shows the lowest accuracy (root mean square error - RMSE: 12.3 m) yet is adequate for regional studies. In contrast, the DTM developed from real-time kinematic global navigation satellite systems (RTK-GNSS) has the highest vertical accuracy (RMSE: 0.48 m), but spatial variability of ground elements was underestimated and limited to meter-sized (and larger) elements. The DTM obtained using the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with ground control points (GCP), on the other hand, presented lower accuracy (RMSE: 2.37 m) than the RTK-GNSS model but still allowed observation of centimetric (and larger) ground features. For geohazard assessment on Trindade Island, models that allow fine-scale studies are needed. A UAV with GCP provides such standards and proved to be the most viable option in remote and complex sites as well. Hence, this study, the first to allow multi-temporal analysis of geohazard assessment on Trindade Island, offers a viable solution for similar analyses in other remote locations.

ABSTRACT Beachrocks are a common feature along the Brazilian coast and although their occurrence in intertidal zones is concentrated in tropical regions, similar formations have been described submerged on the continental shelf in subtropical regions. In the state of Paraná, submerged sandstones are present on the continental shelf and their formation could be associated with the cementation of beach sediments. This would provide an excellent indicator of the stabilization of the coastline during lower sea-level periods. In this study, samples were identified and collected in Paraná State, Southern Brazil, at depths between 18 and 33 meters in the continental shelf and at 6 meters depth in the Paranaguá Bay inlet. As in situ observations proved problematic, analysis relied mainly on their petrography, mineralogy, ages and isotopic values (δ13C and δ18O). Whole rock dating demonstrated that the oldest acquired sample was formed 28109-26406 cal. years BP, being exposed to atmospheric conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum. This exposure is reflected in its cements, composed uniquely of microcrystalline and spar calcite, and on its δ18O/δ13C values, which indicates formation on a fresh water environment. Contrarily to most carbonate cemented products described along Brazilian coastline, δ13C values ranged between -26.36 and -51.07‰ on all other samples, interpreted as a result of cement precipitation prompted by methane, either: in a paleo-estuarine/ paleo-lagunar to transgressive environment buried under a pile of coarser material or; after transgression and drowning of organic-rich sediments by coarser sediments, and due to upward migration of methane on the sedimentary column. Both processes would result in cements identified on these samples, apart from the one collected closer to shore which indicates some freshwater influence. Two of the samples separated by 15km distance perpendicularly to the actual coastline and 11m depth difference yielded max and minimum ages of 7913 and 7452 cal. years BP. Such a short time span between these samples could be either the result of their formation on a linked environment or older carbon signature from drowned environments being present on younger cements.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to map habitats and species distribution in a benthoscape section of the Paranaguá Bay inlet, Paraná State, Southern Brazil. The degree of correspondence between maps independently generated through sidescan imagery and macrofauna and sediment samples was also evaluated. The study area had approximately 9km2 and was chosen considering both diverse landscape features and proximity to future port developments. Sampling was performed in 67 evenly distributed and unreplicated sites. Patterns related to backscatter intensity (high and low) and the presence or absence of bedforms were observed, as well as other large-scale features like sand waves and beach rock outcrops. Local sedimentary environments were represented in a mosaic used for comparisons with sedimentary and faunistic data. Cluster analysis using grain size data formed four groups with similar particle size distribution. A strong correspondence between habitats and grain size distribution was found in only one habitat class. Macrofauna around the deeper Poço Point region and the Mel Island shallower banks presented high species richness and number of individuals. These were considered habitats of high biological relevance. Regions with bedforms indicate higher rates of sand transport in which a few species can thrive. The navigation channel had the lowest number of species and individuals when compared to vicinal regions, indicating persistent impacts. The study evidenced local estuarine bottom heterogeneity and contributed to the understanding of local processes of both bottom sediments dynamics and their associate faunal components.

O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir com o estudo do Gráben de Paranaguá, feição tectônica integrante do Sistema de Riftes Cenozóicos do Sudeste do Brasil. Especificamente, propõe-se um modelo gravimétrico-magnético do topo do embasamento Pré-Cambriano sob os sedimentos cenozóicos da planície costeira paranaense. Buscou-se identificar as estruturas principais e estimar a espessura da cobertura sedimentar e das intrusões básicas mesozóicas do embasamento. Para tanto foram realizados levantamentos geofísicos regionais, os quais totalizaram mais de 55 quilômetros de perfis gravimétricos com espaçamento de 500 metros entre as estações e cerca de 45 quilômetros de perfis magnéticos com medidas a cada 25 metros. Os perfis geofísicos, situados entre a Baía de Paranaguá e a desembocadura do rio Saí-guaçú, na região central do Arco de Ponta Grossa (APG), foram orientados na direção NE-SW, perpendicularmente à tendência principal do APG. A concepção do modelo 2-D foi baseada na modelagem dos dados gravimétricos e magnéticos e calibrada por registros de profundidade do embasamento derivados de poços tubulares. A identificação de um alto gravimétrico foi relacionada a um soerguimento do embasamento (Alto Estrutural de Canoas). Baixos gravimétricos contíguos foram interpretados como baixos estruturais e denominados Albatroz e Shangri-lá, cuja espessura máxima do preenchimento sedimentar é de 130 metros. O modelo magnético permitiu estimar as espessuras dos diques de diabásio e calcular uma extensão crustal próxima de 27% relativamente aos 45 km de perfis magnéticos.

We study the Paranaguá Graben, which is part of the Cenozoic Rift System of southeastern Brazil. Specifically, it is considered a gravimetric-magnetic model of the top of the Precambrian basement under the Cenozoic sediments of the Paraná state coastal plain. We aim to identify the main structures of the Paranaguá Graben. We also evaluate the thickness of the sedimentary section and the Mesozoic basic intrusions in the basement. We use a regional geophysical survey that extends for more than 55 km of gravimetric profiles with 500 m of spacing between the stations and about 45 km of magnetic profiles with spacing of 25 m. The geophysical profiles were located between Paranaguá Bay and the Saí-guaçú river outlet, both in the context of the central region of the Ponta Grossa Arch (PGA). Data were collected along NE-SW acquisition lines, perpendicularly to the principal trend of the PGA. We present a 2-D geologic model using on gravity and magnetic data. We incorporate prior knowledge about the basement depth provided by boreholes. The identification of gravity high was related to a basement uplifting (Canoas structural high). Contiguous gravity lows had been interpreted as structural lows and called Albatroz and Shangri-lá, whose maximum thickness of the sediments is 130 m. The magnetic model allowed to estimate the thicknesses of the basic dykes and to calculate an average crustal extension of 27% related to 45 km of the magnetic profiles.